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What is the goal of security audits and the importance of establishing best practices within and organization?

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Posted on 
January 31st, 2023
Home Uncategorized What is the goal of security audits and the importance of establishing best practices within and organization?

What is the goal of security audits and the importance of establishing best practices within and organization?

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Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
Chapter 5
Commonality
Cyber Attacks
Protecting National Infrastructure, 1st ed.
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
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Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
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Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

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Certain security attributes must be present in all aspects and areas of national infrastructure to ensure maximum resilience against attack
Best practices, standards, and audits establish a low-water mark for all relevant organizations
Audits must be both meaningful and measurable
Often the most measurable things aren’t all that meaningful
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Introduction
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Common security-related best practice standards
Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)
ISO/IEC 27000 Standard (ISO27K)
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Introduction
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Fig. 5.1 – Illustrative security audits for two organizations
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality

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Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Fig. 5.2 – Relationship between meaningful and measurable requirements

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The primary motivation for proper infrastructure protection should be success based and economic
Not the audit score
Security of critical components relies on
Step #1: Standard audit
Step #2: World-class focus
Sometimes security audit standards and best practices proven through experience are in conflict
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Meaningful Best Practices for Infrastructure Protection

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Fig. 5.3 – Methodology to achieve world-class infrastructure
protection practices

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Four basic security policy considerations are recommended
Enforceable: Policies without enforcement are not valuable
Small: Keep it simple and current
Online: Policy info needs to be online and searchable
Inclusive: Good policy requires analysis in order to include computing and networking elements in the local nat’l infrastructure environment
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Locally Relevant and
Appropriate Security Policy

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Fig. 5.4 – Decision process for security policy analysis

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Create an organizational culture of security protection
Culture of security is one where standard operating procedures provide a secure environment
Ideal environment marries creativity and interest in new technologies with caution and a healthy aversion to risk
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Culture of Security Protection

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Fig. 5.5 – Spectrum of organizational culture of security options

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Organizations should be explicitly committed to infrastructure simplification
Common problems found in design and operation of national infrastructure
Lack of generalization
Clouding the obvious
Stream-of-consciousness design
Nonuniformity
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Infrastructure Simplification

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Fig. 5.6 – Sample cluttered engineering chart

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Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Fig. 5.7 – Simplified engineering chart

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How to simplify a national infrastructure environment
Reduce its size
Generalize concepts
Clean interfaces
Highlight patterns
Reduce clutter
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Infrastructure Simplification

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Key decision-makers need certification and education programs
Hundred percent end-user awareness is impractical; instead focus on improving security competence of decision-makers
Senior Managers
Designers and developers
Administrators
Security team members
Create low-cost, high-return activities to certify and educate end users
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Certification and Education

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Fig. 5.8 – Return on investment (ROI) trends for security education

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Create and establish career paths and reward structures for security professionals
These elements should be present in national infrastructure environments
Attractive salaries
Career paths
Senior managers
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Career Path and Reward Structure

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

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Companies and agencies being considered for national infrastructure work should be required to demonstrate past practice in live security incidents
Companies and agencies must do a better job of managing their inventory of live incidents
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Responsible Past Security Practice

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

Companies and agencies being considered for national infrastructure work should provide evidence of the following past practices
Past damage
Past prevention
Past response
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
Responsible Past Security Practice

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

*

A national commonality plan involves balancing the following concerns
Plethora of existing standards
Low-water mark versus world class
Existing commissions and boards
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved
Chapter 5 – Commonality
National Commonality Program

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
*
Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
*

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

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