MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.2) The layer of tissue that anchors the heart to the diaphragm and sternum, is fused to the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, and that prevents overstretching of the heart is the:A) mediastinum. B) fibrous pericardium.C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium.D) visceral layer of the serous pericardium.Answer:Topic: PERICARDIUM4) The _____ is an external feature of the heart that is located between atria and ventricles.A) fossa ovalis B) foramen ovaleC) coronary sulcus D) interventricular sulcusAnswer:Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART6) Which of the following vessels deliver blood to the right atrium?1. superior vena cava2. inferior vena cava3. pulmonary veins4. coronary sinus5. pulmonary arteriesA) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 4 D) 2, 3Answer:Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART7) Which of the following vessels carries blood away from the heart?A) coronary sinus B) pulmonary veinC) inferior vena cava D) pulmonary arteryAnswer:Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART8) There are four sets of valves in the heart:1. bicuspid2. tricuspid3. pulmonary semilunar4. aortic semilunarWhat is the correct order in which blood flows through these valves, starting in the right atrium?A) 1, 4, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 2, 3, 1, 4 D) 2, 4, 1, 3Answer:Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART9) The AV valve in the left side of the heart is known as the:A) bicuspid B) pulmonary semilunar.C) tricuspid. D) aortic semilunar.Answer:Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART10) Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?A) bicuspid valve; oxygenated bloodB) tricuspid valve; deoxygenated bloodC) pulmonary semilunar valve; deoxygenated bloodD) all of the above pairs are correctly matchedAnswer:Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART14) A vascular sinus, such as the coronary sinus, is best described as:A) a large thin-walled vein.B) a large thin-walled artery.C) a connection between blood vessels that allows for multiple routes of blood flow.D) blood-filled connective tissue.Answer:Topic: CORONARY CIRCULATION16) The SA node, or pacemaker, of the heart:A) is located on the anterior wall of the right atrium.B) is located on the anterior wall of the left atrium.C) generates action potentials at a faster rate than other regions of the conduction system.D) generates action potentials at the same rate as other regions of the conduction system.Answer:Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART17) Which condition of the heart is most likely to contribute to “pulmonary hypertension” (increased blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit)?mitral valve stenosis (narrowing)tricuspid valve stenosispatent (open) ductus arteriosusincreased number of trabeculae carnaeAnswer:Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD18) Increased or decreased length of chordae tendinae (e.g. due to some cardiac pathology) will effect:opening of the tricuspid valveclosure of the mitral valveopening of the pulmonary valveclosure of the aortic valveAnswer:Topic: STRUCTURE OF THE HEART20) An adult heart with a patent (open) foramen ovale would demonstrate a “hole” or opening between which two heart chambers?right ventricle and left ventricle (interventricular defect)right atrium and left atrium (interatrial defect)right atrium and right ventricle (right AV orifice)left atrium and left ventricle (left AV orifice)Answer:Topic: DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF THE HEARTTRUE/FALSE. Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.21) An occlusion (blockage) in the left coronary artery will restrict a large amount of blood flow to the sinoatrial node. Answer:Topic: CORONARY CIRCULATION22) Pericardial fluid is located in a space external to the visceral pericardium.Answer:Topic: PERICARDIUM25) The fossa ovalis is a thin spot or depression in the interatrial septum.Answer:Topic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART26) The coronary sinus carries oxygenated blood.Answer:Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD27) The pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.Answer:Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD28) The coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium.Answer:Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD29) The tricuspid valve is located at the right atrioventricular opening.Answer:Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART30) Chordae tendineae assist the cusps of the semilunar valves in preventing backflow of blood.Answer:Topic: VALVES OF THE HEART34) Cardiac contractions depend upon signals from the autonomic nervous system.Answer:Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART35) Heart rate is normally altered by the effects of autonomic nervous stimulation or hormones such as thyroid hormone and epinephrine.Answer:Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART36) The heart first begins to develop as two endothelial tubes that unite to form the primitive heart tube.Answer:Topic: DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF THE HEARTESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.37) Surface projection refers to outlining the shape and location of an organ using landmarks on the surface of the organ body. Describe the surface projection of the heart.Answer: 1. superior right point: 3 cm to the right of the midline, at the superior border of the third right costal cartilage2. superior left point: 3 cm to the left of the midline, at the inferior border of the second left costal cartilage(A line connecting these two points corresponds to the base of the heart.)3. inferior left point: 9 cm to the left of the midline, in the fifth left intercostal space. This corresponds to the apex of the heart.(A line connecting the superior and inferior left points corresponds to the left border of the heart.)4. inferior right point: 3 cm to the right of the midline, at the superior border of the sixth right costal cartilage(A line connecting the inferior left and right points corresponds to the inferior surface of the heart. A line connecting the inferior and superior right points corresponds to the right border of the heart.)Topic: LOCATION AND SURFACE PROJECTION OF THE HEART38) Trace the path of a drop of blood from the time it enters the heart via the superior vena cava until it is in the arch of the aorta.Answer: The route described should contain, in order, the following: SVC, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary artery, (capillaries in) lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, ascending aorta, arch of aorta.Topic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD39) State three functions of the skeleton of the heart.Answer: The functions are valve and muscle attachment, prevention of overstretching of the valves, and electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles.Topic: SKELETON OF THE HEART41) Describe the location and the function of each portion of the conduction system during one cardiac cycle (one complete heart contraction).Answer: See the list of conduction system components and the description of the spread of excitation on p. 403.Topic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEARTSHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.43) The inferior left point of the heart is the surface projection of the _____ of the heart, and is located in the fifth left intercostal space, 9 cm to the left of the midline.Answer: pexTopic: LOCATION AND SURFACE PROJECTION OF THE HEART44) The study of the heart and heart disease is called _____.Answer: ardiologyTopic: INTRODUCTION45) The pericardial cavity is found between the epicardium and the _____ layer of the serous pericardium.Answer: parietalTopic: PERICARDIUM47) The anterior and posterior interventricular sulci are external features that mark the location of the _____ inside the heart.Answer: interventricular septumTopic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART48) AV valve cusps are connected by strong cords called _____ to _____ muscles on the walls of the ventricles.Answer: hordae tendineae, papillaryTopic: VALVES OF THE HEART49) The _____ branch is the artery located in the coronary sulcus.Answer: ircumflexTopic: CORONARY CIRCULATION52) The contraction phase of a chamber of the heart is referred to as _____.Answer: systoleTopic: CARDIAC CYCLEMATCHING. Choose the item in Column 2 that best matches each item in Column 1.Match the layers of the heart wall in Column 1 with their description in Column 2.54) Column 1: myocardiumColumn 2: thickest layer, muscular Answer: thickest layer, muscularTopic: HEART WALL55) Column 1: endocardiumColumn 2: continuous with the lining of the blood vesselsAnswer: ontinuous with the lining of the blood vesselsTopic: HEART WALL56) Column 1: endocardiumColumn 2: covers the valvesAnswer: overs the valvesTopic: HEART WALL57) Column 1: epicardiumColumn 2: layer next to pericardial cavityAnswer: layer next to pericardial cavityTopic: HEART WALLMatch the components of the conduction system of the heart in Column 1 with the descriptions in Column 2.58) Column 1: sinoatrial nodeColumn 2: pacemakerAnswer: pacemakerTopic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART59) Column 1: sinoatrial nodeColumn 2: sends wave of depolarization throughout atriaAnswer: sends wave of depolarization throughout atriaTopic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART60) Column 1: atrioventricular nodeColumn 2: located in the interatrial septumAnswer: located in the interatrial septumTopic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART62) Column 1: bundle branchesColumn 2: carry depolarization wave toward apex of heartAnswer: arry depolarization wave toward apex of heartTopic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART63) Column 1: conduction myofibersColumn 2: cause actual stimulation of cardiac muscle fibers in the ventriclesAnswer: ause actual stimulation of cardiac muscle fibers in the ventriclesTopic: CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEARTMatch the vessels in Column 1 with their descriptions in Column 2.64) Column 1: pulmonary trunkColumn 2: carries deoxygenated blood away from the heartFoil: carries deoxygenated blood toward the heartAnswer: arries deoxygenated blood away from the heartTopic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD65) Column 1: aortaColumn 2: carries oxygenated blood away from the heartAnswer: arries oxygenated blood away from the heartTopic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD66) Column 1: pulmonary veinColumn 2: carries oxygenated blood toward the heartAnswer: arries oxygenated blood toward the heartTopic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD67) Column 1: pulmonary veinColumn 2: enters left atriumFoil: enters right atriumAnswer: nters left atriumTopic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD68) Column 1: pulmonary trunkColumn 2: connected to right ventricleAnswer: onnected to right ventricleTopic: CIRCULATION OF BLOOD69) Column 1: aortaColumn 2: connected to left ventricleAnswer: onnected to left ventricleTopic: CIRCULATION OF BLOODMatch the ventricles of the heart in Column 1 with their descriptions in Column 2.70) Column 1: right ventricleColumn 2: receives deoxygenated bloodAnswer: receives deoxygenated bloodTopic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART71) Column 1: left ventricleColumn 2: pumps blood into the aortaAnswer: pumps blood into the aortaTopic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART72) Column 1: left ventricleColumn 2: thicker myocardium Answer: thicker myocardiumTopic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART73) Column 1: right ventricleColumn 2: pumps blood to the lungsAnswer: pumps blood to the lungsTopic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART74) Column 1: left ventricleColumn 2: entrance into this ventricle is guarded by the bicuspid valveAnswer: ntrance into this ventricle is guarded by the bicuspid valveTopic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART75) Column 1: right ventricleColumn 2: pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve Answer: pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valveTopic: CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
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The layer of tissue that anchors the heart to the diaphragm and sternum, is fused to the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, and that prevents overstretching of the heart is the:
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