Limitations of Technological Advances in the Aviation Industry

The transportation sector is considered as an effective means of contributing to the well being of the economy. Due to this, the utilization of the commercial transportation system has been adopted to meet the demands of a growing city. Due to the transportation sector transporting various people and goods across the globe, the statistics showing the increase in economy has been heavily implemented due to this. It has been evident that more than half of the global population adopts the aircraft transportation services (O’Connor et al., 2017). In addition, the aircraft transportation services are also responsible for providing employment services to a large number of populations in the whole world. Furthermore, this level of productivity from the aircraft carriers is achieved by consuming about 2.2% of the global energy as fuels.

The improvement in the navigation system of the aircrafts will be able to enhance the safety parameters of the system and enjoy better efficiency in services with a reduction in costs for achieving them. Safety is a concern that is to be addressed by any transport system which involves the involvements of human lives. This research will make an analysis of the limitations and the public opinions of the technological advances that are included in the aviation industries (Wong & Brooks, 2015). It is crucial that technology is well maintained and continuously updated with the latest safety requirements so that the safest and most economical route is taken.

However, it is not unusual to consider the impacts of the technological advancements in the normal functioning of the processes in the aircraft systems. The use of technologies is supposed to be a key technological option in the aspects of major industries. This involves utilizing the efficiency of the information technologies in the sectors so that the cost of achieving the normal functioning is reduced (Zhou et al., 2015). The use of technologies is achieved by the combination of hardware, software and networks which greatly enhances the inter-relation of activities among the people, capital, products and information.

The use of technologies can directly impact the aviation services in terms of increase in productivity or decrease in manpower required. Although the use of information technologies can be adopted for improving the provisions of the traditional services, it can also be used to develop additional services which in turn will lead to better customer satisfaction in the market. For example, the two major technologies that have been adopted in the normal functioning of the airline industry are the internet of things and the cloud computing technology. The use of IoT technology involves the connection of the associated devices to each other by using a common network which is basically the internet (Van der Linden, 2015). In case of this, the use of IoT concept has made various innovations in the industry such that data is transmitted in real time which removes the presence of errors. Cloud computing is another aspect of technology which has made the industries forgetting the concern of having physical infrastructures and adopt virtual solutions of the aspects.

Impacts of Adoption of Technologies in the Aviation Industry

The Air navigation technology services helps to provide quality in life by allowing the common people to travel various destinations in the world or to meet their acquaintances in life. To address the needs of a growing population, the aviation industry must make changes and advancements in their services. In addition, the various implications of the aircraft industries must also be able to address the need for a sustainable energy usage and in the same time reduce the impact of noise pollution due to this. Moreover, the need for a sustainable climate is also a requirement which is to be addressed by the aviation industries as well.

Aims and objectives

The aims of this research paper are to make a successful analysis of the application of technological aspects in the functioning of the aviation industry.

The main objectives of this research paper are:

1. To make a successful evaluation of the normal functioning of the aviation sectors.
2. To determine the main causes for technological adaptations.
3. To determine the impact of technological adoptions.
4. To successfully make an analysis of the impact of these adoptions.

The main questions that are addressed in this research paper are:

1. What are the major impacts of the technological adoption in aviation sector?
2. Are there any positive or negative technological impacts of this adoption?
3. What are the different types of technologies that are being used?
4. What are the mitigation strategies that are to be used?

In the technological aspects of the aviation sector, the impacts of adoption of technologies in the aviation sector pose problems in the processing of the system. This problem will be analyzed and mitigated in this research paper. The main discussions of this research paper aims to carry out a successful analysis of the technologies and their impacts in the aircraft systems. Upon successful evaluation, this paper will also provide recommendations that can be used for the betterment of the services provided by the aviation sectors.  

For effectively addressing the effects of technology on air navigation technology, it is imperative to identify any difficulties, restrictions or shortfalls that are faced while addressing.

According to the recent trends adopted by the FAA’s Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), the establishment of policies and systems will be adopted which will help in the formation of a healthy and responsive transportation system. In addition, the AEE is committed to the development of new technologies and operations which helps to ensure that the field of aviation can serve all the necessary requirements (Klimas, 2016). This also involves reducing the impacts of the advancements on aviation. Moreover, the AEE has developed a framework which will lead to the formation of various research programs for mitigating the impacts due to them.

Aviation is involved with the emission of gases which is formed from the combustion of fuels. The engines of any aircraft carriers are responsible for the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) which accounts for 70% of the total emission, water vapor (H2O) and pollutants of oxides of sulfur (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), partially combusted or unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM). These emissions from the combustion of fuels are being emitted very close to the surface of the earth which accounts for 10% of the total emissions. The remaining is emitted in the atmosphere which accounts for air pollutions.

Future Air Navigation System (FANS)

The laws and legislations related to the aviation industry are to be followed for providing services in the markets. This research paper includes the legislation of the Singaporean law related to the references of the aviation services. Due to the adoption of various technological advancements in the field of aviation services, various effects have been denoted. Due to this, effects have impacted the various legislation and acts related to them (Wagner & Walton, 2016). They are the Air Navigation Act, Air Navigation Regulations and related subsidiary legislation acts which are responsible for various changes in the aviation sector. These legislation acts are to be followed to get a successful evaluation of the aviation services. The aviation law is concerned with the services of flights and its associated business related concerns. As the nature of travelling by air involves various countries, the aviation law is considered to be associated with international affairs.

Future air navigation system (FANS)

The information technology is being embedded in mostly all operations of the airline industry. This concept is being utilized to fit the demands of the electronic field. The use of technology is basically adapted to capture, process, store and transfer information between various sources. This is also utilized in the handling of new and existing resources in the aviation sectors. The use of information technologies can be used to get strategic advantages which can in turn lead to greater advantages in terms of competitions in the market. In a similar manner, there are various other industries that are focussed on the implementation of technological aspects for their value chains and other aspects in their functionalities. The various airlines across the world are involved with the utilization of technological aspects that will be effective in case of business related aspects. Te various places where the uses of technological aspects in case of the airlines sector are network planning, crew management, code share handling, pricing, revenue management and price distribution (Feige & Pforte, 2018). In addition, the airline related services further integrates the business intelligence services, marketing and sales solutions in their aspects. In the airline sector, there are two different business perspectives of the functions, one is the operational activities which are related to the flight services and the other is the business related control functions which are related to the control of the activities. This is the reason for the utilization of technological aspects which contributes to the optimization of various processes and activities.

Utilization of Technological Aspects in Airline Services

The utilization of technological aspects in the airlines services for flight based activities includes dispatching and coordinating of flights and its associated resources like crew handling, aircraft processing, passenger and freight processing. It also includes referencing in certain airport facilities which comprises of gates, ramps, baggage handling and some other associated services. On accounting from the perspective of business related activities, the airline sectors utilize the activities in various administrative tasks and financial accounting along with human resource management (Finch et al., 2016). Furthermore, the use of technological aspects can be adopted by the airline prospects to support any kinds of strategic management which is done by empowering various long-term decisions due to it. This helps in making collaboration among the various partners of the airline sectors and their associated stakeholders so that an effective process and functioning is adopted. In addition, to the people involved with the airline services, the use of information can also be used to provide a connection among the various internal or external processes in the airline sectors (Swornowski, 2017). Due to such activities, the entire airlines system has been changed due to this which has led to various implications leading to tactical and strategic management systems. In addition, they are also responsible for leading to changes in the normal functioning of the industrial processes which in turn led to rise of competition in the market.

Due to such activities, most of the industries are adopting the use of technological aspects for addressing in their business related prospects. In accordance to this, the aircraft industries are also using various futuristic trends in their business processes for staying in the same level of competition in the market. The first adoption in the market is the adoption of enhanced system software. The programming of this software is not similar to the normal games or application s but includes a complex process of data analytics and processing. This software in the airline sectors is responsible for the handling of various amounts of communications among the various processes so that efficient services are provided. Another implementation of the futuristic trends of technology is the application of internet of things concept. In this technological concept, the utilization of connected devices is the main point of discussion (Alam, 2016). Various components in the airline system are connected to each other by means of the same network process. As a result, this will enable the process of real time monitoring and transactions so that the systems will be kept updated all the time without the presence of any amount of delay. Thirdly, the utilization of the better materials for building concepts are another innovation that is being adopted in the aircraft industries. This involves using lower density materials which will lead to better weight addressing which in turn will lead to better processing of resources. This will also be referenced in the formation of drones and surveillance bots which will be used for monitoring purposes. This will also be done by decreasing the size of the drones which in turn will lead to better resource optimization.

Mistakes are evident in our lives which may prove to be fatal. This part of the research paper is focused on discussing a number of mistakes which accounted to the failure in navigation technologies. Past aviation related case studies are therefore useful for reviews and extremely important to be investigated and studied so that the industry can learn from them and improve as a whole.

Case Analysis 1 – Air France Flight 447 

The Air France Flight 447 was considered to be departed in the year 2009, in 31^st March. The travel source and destination was from the Galeão International Airport of Rio de Janeiro to the Charles de Gaulle Airport of Paris. The flight aircraft was supposed to include 216 numbers of passengers along with 12 crew members. During the travel of the aircraft, the communication was considered to be normal with maintained communications with the flight controllers of Brazil. After one hour, the aircraft was spotted to mysteriously cease any connection with the control office of Brazil. After another thirty-six minutes, a position related message was sent by the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) (Harvey & Turnbull, 2015). After a delay of one day, the aviation safety agency of France was informed about the lost aircraft. According to the report, the aircraft was supposedly lost over the Atlantic Ocean. From 6^th June, 2009, the investigative patrols started to discover various dead bodies out of which no survivors were found.

Contributing factors to the incident

There were various reasons which were accountable for the problems. There were various issues regarding the aircraft which was accountable for the presence of problems in the flight systems.

There were various meteorological conditions which were reported in the month of June. At the path of the aircraft, various convective storm clusters were reported which accounted for the presence of problems. However, these types of conditions were supposed to be mitigated by the use of onboard radar systems which are responsible for providing safe maneuvering even when line of sight is dismayed.

In addition, from the feeds taken from radar images help to detect the path of the aircraft in case of night time. The other aircrafts that followed the same route were expected to alter their paths to avoid such natural phenomenon. The cloud masses contain ice crystals that block the very minute openings in the flight system despite of the presence of anti-icing systems comprising of the heated pilot tube.

The first issues in the system were the presence of design related issues. The pilot tube icing was a problem which led to serious threats in the system. Moreover, the threat was being unable to be detected in the computerized view of the cockpit. According to the recent reports, there were 13 crews who were having problems in detecting any threats in the cockpit despite of the fact that they were associated with the indication of airspeed related issues (Batkovskiy et al., 2016). In addition, the alternate law regime of the aircraft system was not able to provide attack flight control protection due to which the aircraft was forced to maintain a stall angle and trim their speed in path.

Mitigation

For this reason, the aircraft system was to be made secure so that these problems were solved in the future. For this reason, air services was responsible for the development of various mitigation strategies which comprised of efficient inspection practices, training programs and improvement in aircraft systems. The training system was responsible for better training methods so that manual control of the aircraft is possible. In a similar manner, the inspection practices would enable efficient monitoring and checking of the system such that any possibilities of flight related problems will be mitigated.

Case Analysis 2 – Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509

The Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 aircraft was considered to be a Boeing aircraft whose travel destination at the time of travel was to Malpensa airport, Milano from Stansted airport in London.

The main reason due to this was the occurrence of malfunctioning in the instruments at the aircrafts and pilot error which was reported on 22, December 1999. According to the reports, all the four crew on board the aircraft were killed due to the accident. After the takeoff from the airport, one of the inertial navigation units (INUs) failed partially.

This led to the formation of various amount of roll data to the attitude director indicator (ADI) of the captain of the aircraft. Due to this, the problems were identified and the replacement of the ADI was adopted. However, the problem remains unsolved and the accident was evident due to this.

After the occurrence of the accident, the Air Accidents Investigation Branch of the United Kingdom was responsible for issuing various recommendations to the Korean Air services. The recommendations included upgrading the policy of free interactions among the various personnel and the revision of the training program due to it.

The sequential method of collecting the data from various related sources is termed as research methodology. The research methodologies are arranged in a logical manner. The main methods of the research methodologies includes case study based issues and various other data and information pertaining to it. This section of the research paper includes the collection methods and the type of analysis that is considered in this paper. In addition, this research paper has adopted positivism as the philosophy of the research as well as deductive approach for the paper. Lastly, this paper has used the descriptive research design concepts for conduction of this research.

Research philosophy

The concept which is utilized for the gathering of data is termed as the process of research philosophy. This concept is utilized for getting an idea about the type of method to be used for capturing the data. The research philosophy is of three different types, realism, positivism and interpretivism (Wu & Ren, 2016). The positivism methods utilize scientific ways of collecting data while the interpretivism is concerned with the collection of data by abiding to the social scientific way. Lastly, the realism philosophy is concerned with the aspects of the human mind.

In this research paper, the positivism philosophy is adopted. This is because in this philosophy, the use of existing data is adopted which will help in making an analysis of the data in this paper. As the subject of this paper is the effects of technology in airlines, the use of this philosophy is justified.

The method of approach that is utilized for adopting the research is termed as the research approach. The main steps to collect the data are comprised in this section. In addition to collection, research approach is also concerned with the analysis and the interpretation of the data. This approach section of the research is divided into two broad categories, the data analysis and the data collection (Grampella et al., 2015). There are mainly two different types of approach, the inductive and the deductive. In the inductive process, new theories are made while in deductive approach, existing information is collected.

For the analysis to be conducted in this research paper, the deductive approach is implemented. This approach is considered for the analysis regarding qualitative investigations. In the technological aspects, the deductive approach will analyze the thematic data and then discuss the acquired results.

Research design

This process involving the research design involves the collection of data and integrating it in the paper in a logical way. This helps to ensure that the integration of the data and the information is done in an efficient way. The use of the research methods are done by utilizing an observed methodology or experimental design concepts. In accordance, there are three different types of research design methods which are explanatory, exploratory and descriptive methods (Grossman et al., 2014). Exploratory research design is mainly involved in the conduction of a research by including various data which are not being analyzed in a clear way. In the explanatory research design, the use of the information is done to mainly analyze in a clear way. Lastly, the deductive method of research design involves the utilization of the information to form a deducted form of the information.

In this paper, the researcher has utilized the deductive approach of design. The researcher has made a successful analysis of the topic by utilizing the thematic schemes and has deduced the various related information so that a successful research is conducted.

Data collection and data analysis

The method which is utilized in the collection of data is termed as the data collection technique. The data collection method involves the collection of data and information in a systematic manner that is utilized for the analysis of the relevant literature. There are two different types of data collection techniques, the primary and the secondary (Ryerson, 2017). In case of the primary data collection technique, survey and interviews are done to collect raw data from the sources. However, in case of the secondary data analysis, the method of data collection involves the analysis of data from the secondary sources likes the journals, articles, books and even websites. The primary data is also involved with the analysis of the raw data where there is various numbers of respondents who actively applies for the research. In case of the secondary data collection method, the data is collected from outside sources where the researcher is not given the ability to manipulate data from them.

Moreover, the data analysis process involves making an analysis of the collected information such that a successful research paper is made. There are basically two different types of data analysis process, the quantitative and the qualitative process (Naseer & Ahmad, 2016). In the quantitative process, the emphasis is given on quantity of the data while in the qualitative analysis; the emphasis is given on quality of the data.

In case of this research paper, the secondary data collection method is adopted where the data from secondary sources are adopted for the analysis. In addition, as this research is conducted for making an analysis involves the technological aspects in aviation sectors, the secondary data will be utilized for this. In addition, this paper has done the qualitative research process.

Sample size and sampling instrument

The sample size involves the size of the study. Basically, the number of sources that are considered for the study is consisted in the sample size of the research (Koroglu & Eceral, 2015). In this research paper, there are 30 different sources that have been listed in the reference considered in this research paper. In addition, the researcher has included the probability sampling method for making the analysis of the data in this research. As the sample size is not very big, it is considered to be ideal for this research paper.

Ethical consideration and limitations

The research involved with the topic includes an analysis that has been done by collecting information from various sources. As the data involved can be used to raise ethical limitations, the need to mitigate them is required. Moreover, the author of the secondary journals needs not to provide any threats for this paper.

Another limitation of this paper is that the journals that have been collected for this paper has been selected by taking 2013 as year reference. There were various other journals which were found in the internet but could not have been analyzed.

Statistical analysis

The recent changes in the aviation industry include reduction in the emission of gases and use of lightweight materials. The development of new technology has helped in changing the operational management of the aviation industry. The literature review has focused on changing the engines of aircraft for better service. However, the engines of the aircraft are responsible for the emission of gases in the atmosphere that can be poisonous for normal human being. The change in engines of the aircraft might help in reducing the emission of gases. As per the literature review, emission of gases includes 70 % CO₂ and rest 30 % include water vapor, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and unburned hydrocarbons (O’Connor, Flin, Fletcher& Hemsley, 2017). Therefore, the change in the engines has caused reduction of emission of these harmful gases in the atmosphere.

The figure shows the number of operation worldwide from 1997 to 2016 in the aviation industry. This graph describes about the

The utilization of technological aspects in the airlines services for flight-based activities includes dispatching and coordinating of flights and its associated resources like crew handling, aircraft processing, passenger and freight processing. The collaboration of the technology and the traditional approach of the aviation methods have helped in minimizing the pollution in the atmosphere with proper services provided to the customers. The use of IoT technology involves the connection of the associated devices to each other by using a common network, which is the internet. The research objectives and research questions have been fulfilled in order to maintain a proper approach toward the analysis if the data and information collected from the literature review.

The literature review has focused on the case study of two air crashes including Air France Flight 447 and Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 respectively. In the case study, the flight 447 includes 216 passengers with 12 crewmembers. According to the literature review, the flight was crashed in the Atlantic Ocean with no survivors found. Various Civil Aviation law has been put under the investigation procedure of the air crash. The Aviation law Act has been imposed on the staff members included in the aircraft case. Individuals found guilty in the accidents were been suspended under this act. In addition, the alternate law regime of the aircraft system was not able to provide attack flight control protection due to which the aircraft was forced to maintain a stall angle and trim their speed in path (Mediratta, Ahluwalia & Yeo, 2016). In the second case, the flight was crashed due to the malfunctioning in the tools and instruments of the aircraft.

The Bilateral Regulation has been taken against the aviation industry and the organization. This act has helped in investigating the main cause of the crash. The results have been published in the news and other media outlets. Therefore, a significant laws and regulation has been imposed in the aviation industry for the protection of the aircrafts from any emergency. The use of the new aviation laws have strengthen the regulations in the aviation industry that have helped in minimizing emergency condition in the aviation industry.

Theme 3: Impact of technology on the aviation industry and its management

The technological changes in the aviation changes have helped in enhancing the services provided by the aviation sector. The use of the ICT devices in the aircraft have helped in providing various services including metal detector, automatic slab for entrance and lightweight cameras for surveillance. The use of ICT has enhanced the communication between the airport authority and pilot in the aircraft, the communication is the main element in the journey in the aircraft. The pilot has to be in contact f the airport authority during journey. The use of the technology have helped in reducing the weight if the aircraft. Therefore, it can carry more weight and passengers. The engines if the aircraft have been modified for increasing the speed of the aircraft in the air. The speed of the aircraft has been increased that helps in the decreasing the time of the travelling of the passengers. The services provided to the passengers have been enhanced on the aircraft by the use of the ICT devices. Cameras have been installed in the aircraft for continuous surveillance to prevent any illegal activity on the plane (Van der Linden, 2015). The improvement in the navigation system of the aircrafts will be able to enhance the safety parameters of the system and enjoy better efficiency in services with a reduction in costs for achieving them. Therefore, technology has helped in increasing the security of the plane.

As discussed earlier about the crashes, technology have helped in minimizing the accidents if the aircrafts. Furthermore, the use of technological aspects can be adopted by the airline prospects to support any kinds of strategic management, which is done by empowering various long-term decisions due to it. Cloud computing has been implemented in the aviation industry that has helped in storing the details of passengers over the cloud. This has helped in accessing the details from anywhere with the help of internet. The use of the cloud computing the aviation industry have helped in minimizing the complexity of the accessing the data and information about the different flights and staff members in the aircraft.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded from the analysis made in this paper that the effects of the technological adoptions in the aviations sector can provide various implications in the sector. This research paper has successfully made an analysis by listing all the possible sources to make the research. The various related literature is depicted in chapter 2 of this paper. Chapter 3 of the paper lists all the research methods that have been adopted for this paper. This paper has adopted the positivism philosophy and the deductive approach for making the successful research. Moreover, this research has collected data and information from various secondary sources which comprises of journal and books. These data has been analyzed by considering the qualitative data analysis for which the research has evaluated them successfully. Furthermore, this research has listed the sample size which includes 30 online journals. These are then sampled using the probability sampling process. The various limitations of the paper are listed which shows the various processes that has been assumed. Lastly, this paper has made a thematic analysis of the topic where the various themes corresponding to this topic is listed as the analysis of the data.

This section lists the various recommendations that can be included in the technological adoptions for the aircrafts. The first recommendation is the increase in the security protocol of the aircraft carriers. This helps in better and efficient services which in turn increases the effectiveness of the services. As the case studies listed in the literature part of this paper, the need for addressing them is required. This will be utilized in inspecting the services of the aviation industry.

Another recommendation is that the use of cloud computing is to be emphasized. As a result, the pre-allocation of the physical infrastructure will be reduced. This in turn will lead to decrease in the investment amount of the infrastructure and will thus lead to increase in revenue.

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