System development life cycle

Shriv ComMedia Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Followed the same method discussed above for accomplishing the project offered by the Corporate Bank
Following steps are used in SCMS to create a Gantt chart:-
1. All activities or task are listed in plan
They find out the earliest possible date of all the tasks or activities of project and estimate the length of time it will take and check whether it is parallel or sequential. If the task is sequential they show the stages on which it depends.
They use the X axis of the graph paper for the date, week or months required for the completion of the project and Y axis to itemize the tasks in its order
2. Plotting the tasks onto the plan
They list the tasks in Y axis on the left hand side of the page and to draw up a rough first draft of the Gantt chart, they plot each task on the plan showing it starting on the earliest possible date. They draw each task as a horizontal bar with the length of the bar being the length of the time the task will take. Above each task bar they mark the estimated time taken to complete the task.
3. Schedule the tasks
Now they redraw the Gantt chart on a fresh sheet to schedule actions and tasks. They schedule these in such a way that sequential actions are carried out in the desired sequence e.g. dig holes then lay the foundation and then start construction. They also ensure that these dependent activities do not start until the activities they depend on have been totally completed
They try to schedule parallel task so that they do not interfere the sequential action on the critical path. While scheduling they make sure that they are making the best use of time and resource available to them.
Once their Gantt chart is drawn one can see how long it will take to complete the project.
Assessment process begins as soon as the requests are received in SCMS. They perform the various feasibility evaluations in order to know how suitable the development of a system will be to the company. The feasibility test process conducted by SCMS for the project request of Corporate Bank consisted 3 phases:
The feasibility tests performed by system analyst of SCMS were:
1. Operational Feasibility:
Operational feasibility was based on the following parameters:

The effectiveness of the proposed system in corporate bank.
Impact of new system in existing system
User preferences (collected from interview)
Requirements of the new system

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2. Schedule feasibility:
Following parameters were responsible for schedule feasibility

The deadline of the project (either reasonable or not)
Estimated time for project completion

3. Technical feasibility:
Following things were considered during technical feasibility:

Hardware and software required for project
Availability of the people to deliver and support the proposed system

4. Economic feasibility:
In SCMS the economic feasibility test was conducted by system analyst with the assistance of financial analyst. Following were the parameters looked upon for economic feasibility:

Benefits of the proposed system to the corporate bank
Cost-Benefit relation regarding the system use

After the feasibility test was conducted the system analyst submitted the feasibility report to the steering committee recommending the further study (detailed analysis) of the corporate bank. Feasibility report in case of SCMS was a written document submitted with the details of the existing system, benefits of new system and recommendation.
The implementation phase in SCMS consists of four major phases:

Development of the program
Testing of the new system
Train the users
Convert to new system

SCMS generally uses two methods for the development of the program.

Outsourcing the program
Developing the program

SCMS sometimes outsource the software required for them but most of the times the development process is favoured. During the preparation of the software for Corporate Bank following software and technologies were used by SCMS.
The tests performed by SCMS for verifying the Bank management system designed for Corporate Bank were:
1. Functional Testing:
The main objective of the functional test was to ensure that each of the elements of the system meets the user requirements. The requirements were:

Requirements placed by user (corporate bank)
Business Design Specification
Year 2000 development standard

Different phases of functional testing were:
a. Validation Test
It basically checked the Windows GUI standards, Valid, invalid and limit data input, Screen and field look and appearance, and Overall consistency with rest of the units.
b. Specific functional test (UNIT TEST)
Low level tests which were conducted to test the individual process and data flow.
2. System Test:
This test was performed to check whether all the units of the application were working together to produce the output and there is no gaps in the data flow from one unit to other.
3. Integration Test:
Integration test was performed by connecting the application with the different other application. The performance of the application with different other software was noted and the application was verified based on the results.
4. Performance Testing:
This test was carried out to verify that the system provides the acceptable response time (should not exceed 4 seconds).
5. Regression Testing:
The main objective of the regression test was to observe the functionality and stability of the software. It was automated with the help of the automated testing tools. Test environment available in visual studio and NUnit software was used to automate the testing of the application designed for Corporate Bank.
Several formal reviews were carried before and during the tests and they were documented. The major formal review points were placed in different stages of testing as shown in the diagram:
When all the tests were performed by the developer and all the errors /bugs were fixed, the additional tests were performed to ensure that system was working in integrated manner. In this way the application designed for the corporate bank was verified by the developer’s team.
During the system development in SCMS there are various security that arises which may lead to the information loss. Following are some of the security risks and their solutions to prevent the information loss:
1. Server Downtime:
Risk:
Server downtime may cause the server to stop working so that the entire computer bridged with the server will be unable to connect with server. This may cause the loss of the information when the information is being sent to server.
Solution:
Before upgrading or migrating to a different physical server, make sure servers pass all tests prior to full deployment, and test and debug all applications prior to full deployment.
2. Obsolete application and tools:
Risk:
Due to the defect in the application and tools the loss of the information may occur. Hardware crashes and Software failure may occur causing the information loss.
Solution:
Make the careful inventory of the all applications and tools currently in use, prior to system implementation. Always use the trusted Hardware brands and software brands to avoid the hardware/software failure. Benchmarking testing can prove fruitful to check the hardware or software.
3. Computer Virus, Worms and Trojans:
Risks:
These are the malicious-logic program which act without user knowledge can alter the computer’s operation and result to information loss.
Solutions:
Following measures can be adopted to prevent the computer viruses, worms and Trojans:

Prevent starting the computer with removable media in drives.
Never open an e-mail attachment from source other than trusted.
Set the macro security level to medium in the word processing or spreadsheet programs.
Install the genuine version of the operating system
Install the good antivirus software (updatable, reliable and efficient)

4. Denial of Service (DoS) attack:
Risk:
A DoS attack is designed to overload the server. The perpetrators use the softwares of codes to send thousand of requests to the server so that the valid user can’t connect the server.
Solution:
The best way to prevent the DoS attack is not letting the DoS style attacks near the webserver. The tools like apache’s mod_security or mod_dosevasive/mod_evasive can be used to drop the abusive IP address at the firewall before they get anywhere near the webserver.
5. Backdoors:
Risk:
Backdoors are the programmer created algorithms which bypass security mechanisms and provides the access to the programs so as to access the program for troubleshooting or saving the development time. But hackers and crackers use backdoors to gain access to program and inject the malicious code to the program causing the information loss.
Solutions:

Scan for the Backdoors with the help of tools available in market. Eg: SpyHunter security tool
Update the antispyware software
For developer: Try avoiding the backdoors during the design phase or eliminate the backdoors before the delivery of the software to the client.

6. Hardware Failure:
Risk:
Hardware failure can cause the loss of information stored in hard drives.
Solutions:

Frequently backup the hard drives
Use Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) to prevent hardware crashes
Online Storage of the data and information

After the research conducted on the System Development lifecycle of Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt Ltd we came to conclude that the company (SCMS) follows the general five phases of the information system development cycle for the project received. It follows all the five phases thoroughly and tends to meet the user requirements by developing the perfect matching solutions for their business.
     We came to know that the system analyst has the major role in the development process as he/she acts as the bridge between both users and developers. Analyst is the person who conducts the feasibility tests and decides the suitability of the project for company. The project development team consisting of different level of employees work on the project, as scheduled on Gantt chart, designed by the project leader. SCMS conducts the different tests during and after the designing of the application to make the application error-free before it is delivered to the client.
There are also many security threats for the application which may cause the information loss. By the help of the research we came to know the measures to eliminate the security risks and protect the loss of information.
     In general, after the research on SCMS and its system development methodology in case of Corporate Bank (one of its client) we had the detailed knowledge of the different phases of the information system development lifecycle and the possible threats for the information loss.

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