Attached is the outline for assignment, example of completed assignment, and the pictures needed to be used to complete assignment. The figure skater.
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The Lower Extremity – Hip, Knee, & Ankle Regions
Spring 2020
Dr. Terry Conkle
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Pelvic Girdle Structure
Pelvic bones
Illium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
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Pelvic Movements
Neutral
Posterior
Tilt
Anterior
Tilt
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Pelvic Muscles – Right Side
(Reverse for Left Side)
Anterior tilt
Hip flexors & lumbosacral spinal extensors.
Posterior tilt
Hip extensors & lumbosacral spinal flexors.
Lateral Tilt to Right
Left lateral lumbosacral flexors, right hip abductors, & left hip adductors.
Rotation to Right
Left lumbosacral rotators, left hip external rotators, & right hip internal rotators.
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Relationship of Pelvis to Trunk & Legs
Link between the trunk and lower extremities.
Must cooperate with motion yet contribute to stability.
Primary movements of pelvis are initiated in the pelvis itself.
Secondary movements are associated with motion of trunk or thighs.
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Primary Pelvic Movements
Pelvis
Anterior tilt
Posterior tilt
Lateral tilt left
Rotation left
Spinal Joints
Hyperextension
Slight flexion
Slight lateral flexion right
Rotation right
Hip Joints
Slight flexion
Complete extension
R: Slight adduction
L: Slight abduction
R: Slight external rotation
L: slight internal rotation
* Don’t forget that rotation and lateral tilt can also occur both right & left!
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Secondary Pelvic Movements
Spine
Flexion
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion left
Rotation left
Pelvis
Posterior tilt
Anterior tilt
Lateral tilt left
Rotation left
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Hip Joint Structure
A ball-and-socket joint.
Articulation of spherical head of femur with deep cup-shaped acetabulum.
Head of femur covered with hyaline cartilage.
Femoral neck is at a 126°- 131° angle w/ femoral shaft.
Femoral neck has slight anteversion (“leaning forward”).
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Hip Joint Structure
Acetabulum is lined with hyaline cartilage.
Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage) adds depth to joint and cushions femoral head.
Acetabular notch at junction of three pelvic bones.
(Ligamentum) Teres Femoris is deep inside socket
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Ligamentous Reinforcements (Lateral)
Transverse acetabular ligament
A strong flat band.
Bridges the acetabular notch & completes acetabular ring.
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Ligamentous Reinforcements (Medial)
Teres femoris ligament
Ties head of femur to lower part of acetabulum.
Provides reinforcement from within.
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Ligamentous Reinforcements (Anterior)
Iliofemoral ligament
Extraordinarily strong band.
Checks extension & rotation.
Pubofemoral ligament
Prevents excessive abduction.
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Ligamentous Reinforcements (Posterior)
Ischiofemoral ligament
Strong triangular ligament.
Limits rotation & adduction in the flexed position.
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Femoral Movements @ Hip Joint
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Femoral Movements @ Hip Joint
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Hip Joint Muscles
Anterior
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Posterior
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gluteus maximus
Six deep outward rotators
Hamstrings
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Hip Joint Muscles
Medial
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Lateral
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
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Muscular Analysis of Major Movements of the Thigh @ the Hip
Flexion: tensor fasciae latae, pectineus, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, & sartorius.
Extension: Hamstring muscles.
Abduction: Gluteus medius & minimus.
Adduction: adductor longus is primary, adductor magnus & brevis, and gracilis.
Lateral Rotation: Six deep outward rotators, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus.
Medial Rotation: gluteus medius & minimus.
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Major Injuries to the Thigh / Hip / Pelvis
Contusions
Results from a direct blow.
Pinches muscle between bone and external force.
Blow to Iliac crest – “hip pointer”.
Myositis ossificans may result.
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Major Injuries to the Thigh / Hip / Pelvis
Myositis Ossifican
Calcification following repeated traumas or serious contusions.
Improper treatment of contusions.
Hamstring Strains
Muscular imbalance, fatigue, sudden change in direction or speed.
Occurs at myotendinous junctions.
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Major Injuries to the Thigh / Hip / Pelvis
Hip Fracture
Usually fractures of femoral neck.
Often caused by impact or falls.
Hip replacement often the only option.
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The Lower Extremity – Knee, Ankle, & Foot
Dr. Conkle
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Knee Joint Structure
Hinge joint.
Two condyles of femur articulate with tibial plateaus.
Patella articulates with patellar surface of femur.
Menisci
Circular rims of fibrocartilage.
Lateral –an incomplete circle.
Medial – “C” shaped.
Thick peripheral borders, tapering to a thin inner edge.
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Knee Ligaments
Lateral
Medial
Lateral
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Knee Ligaments
Movements
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Knee Joint Muscles
Anterior
Quadriceps Group
Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Posterior
Hamstring Group
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
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Muscle of The Knee Joint
Vastus intermedius
Beneath Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Function:
Powerful knee extensors.
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Knee Joint Muscles
Biceps femoris
Function:
Flexes knee & external rotation of tibia in non-weight bearing.
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Function:
Flexion and internal rotation in non-weight bearing.
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Muscular Analysis of the Knee
Flexion: Hamstrings, sartorius, gracilis
Extension: Quadriceps
External Rotation: Biceps femoris
Can only occur when knee is flexed & non-weight bearing.
Internal Rotation: Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus
Can only occur when knee is flexed & non-weight bearing.
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Common Injuries of the Leg, Knee, & Ankle
The Leg: Tibial Stress Injuries
Often called “shin splints”.
An overuse injury.
Repeated microtears where tibialis posterior or anterior attaches to tibia, inflammation.
Sprains in interosseous membrane.
Tenderness & pain on medial surface of tibia.
Rest, softer surface and supporting the arch are best treatment.
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Leg Injuries
The Leg: Fracture
Most common among young people.
Most common to lower 2/3 of the fibula.
May result in instability of the ankle joint.
Severity based on bone displacement:
More displaced = more severe.
The Leg: Shin Contusions
Common, based on exposed nature of tibia.
Usually from a direct blow.
May damage periosteum.
Shin guards are recommended for activities in which leg impacts are common.
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Knee Injuries
The Knee: Collateral Ligament Sprain
Direct blow to either side of knee.
Majority are blows from lateral side causing medial collateral ligament damage.
Depending on amount of force the following structures could be injured:
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus
Anterior cruciate ligament
The Knee: Chondromalacia
Degeneration of cartilage on articulating surface of patella.
Pain, on movement, swelling, grating sensation.
Treatment through evaluation of lower body biomechanics, rehabilitative exercises, limiting activities.
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The Knee
Osgood Schlatter Disease
Due to repeated overuse of knee extensors.
Tearing or avulsion of epiphysis of tibial tuberosity.
Swelling, pain on activity & kneeling.
Treat with rest, ice, rehabilitative exercises.
Often males affected during pubertal growth spurt
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Ankle & Foot Structure
The foot provides for support and propulsion.
Movements within the foot occur primarily at the subtalar and midtarsal joints.
The ankle serves to unite the foot and the leg.
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Ankle Structure (Posterior)
Hinge joint
Articulation of talus with malleoli of tibia & fibula.
Bound together by ligaments.
Tibia
Talus
Sustentaculum
tali
Calcaneous
Fibula
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Ligamentous Reinforcement of Ankle
Lateral side
Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
Medial side
Deltoid
Calcaneotibial
Anterior talotibial
Tibionavicular
Posterior talotibial
Plantar calcaneonavicular
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Foot Structure
An elastic arched structure.
Talus is the keystone.
Comprised of two arches:
Longitudinal
Transverse
Fig 8.15
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Arch Structure of the Foot
3 Cuneiforms
Longitudinal arch:
Heel to heads of five metatarsals.
Supported by the plantar fascia.
Transverse arch:
Side-to-side concavity.
Anterior tarsal bones & metatarsals.
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Subtalar Joint
Joint between underside of talus and upper & anterior aspects of calcaneus.
Plantar calcaneonavicular “spring ligament” helps support talus.
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Ligamentous Reinforcement
Lateral side
Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
Medial side
Deltoid
Calcaneotibial
Anterior talotibial
Tibionavicular
Posterior talotibial
Plantar calcaneonavicular
Deltoid
a. Calcaneotibial
b. Anterior talotibial
Plantar calcaneonavicular
d. Posterior
talotibial
c. Tibionavicular
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Foot Joints
Midtarsal Joint (Chopart’s Joint): Has two articulations:
Calcaneocuboid: Nonaxial – permits only gliding.
Talonavicular: Modified ball-and-socket – permits restricted motion.
Tarsometatarsal Joints: Movements are gliding.
Intermetatarsal Joints: spreading or flattening.
Metatarsophalangeal Joints: Modified condyloid joints.
Interphalangeal Joints: Hinge joints.
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Movement of the Foot @
the Ankle, Tarsal, & Toe Joints
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Muscles of the Ankle & Foot
Location:
22 muscles of the ankle & foot are intrinsic.
11 muscles are extrinsic.
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Muscular Analysis of the Ankle
Dorsiflexion: tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus.
Plantar flexion: gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus.
Possible help from tibialis posterior, peroneus brevis, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis.
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Muscular Analysis of the Tarsal Joints
Dorsiflexion: same as ankle.
Plantar flexion: tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus.
Supination: tibialis anterior (when foot is dorsiflexed) & tibialis posterior (when foot is plantar flexed).
Pronation: peroneus longus, brevis, & tertius.
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Muscular Analysis of the Toes
Flexion: flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus.
Extension: extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus.
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The Ankle: Strain
Due to impact that forces ankle beyond normal range.
Results in tearing at myotendinous junction.
May cause pain, weakness, possible deformity. Potentially very debilitating.
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The Ankle: Sprains
Usually associated with forceful inversion of the foot.
In this case the lateral ligaments stretched or torn, or may rupture.
Results in pain, swelling, disability.
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The Ankle: Fracture
Same causes as ankle sprains.
The majority occur to malleoli.
More serious fractures sometimes dislocate.
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The Foot: Plantar Fasciitis
Pain and tenderness along the sole of the foot.
May be due to inflammation, micro tears, or rupture of the plantar fascia.
Is generally an overuse injury; lack of flexibility may be contributory.
Stretching has been shown to be helpful.
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The Upper Extremity:
Shoulder Region
Terry Conkle, Ed.D.
Spring 2020
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The AC Joint – Right Arm
(Anterior & Posterior Views)
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The Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
Articulation of
acromion & distal
end of clavicle.
AC ligament
strengthens joint superiorly.
Aponeurosis of
trapezius & deltoid strengthen joint posteriorly.
Coracoclavicular ligament further stabilizes joint.
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The Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint
Proximal clavicle articulates w/ sternum and cartilage of 1st rib.
Capsule thickened by anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments.
The only bony connection between the humerus and axial skeleton.
Permits limited motion of the clavicle.
Partially responsible for movements of the scapula.
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Shoulder Girdle Muscles
Location:
Anterior
Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior, Subclavius
Posterior
Levator scapulae, Rhomboids, Trapezius
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Fossa
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Glenohumeral Joint of Shoulder
Articulation of spherical head of humerus w/ small, shallow glenoid fossa of scapula.
Glenoid labrum deepens the fossa & cushions impact of humeral head in forceful movements.
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Coracohumeral
Glenohumeral
Coracoacromial
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Muscular & Tendon Reinforcements
Superior:
supraspinatus & long head of biceps.
Inferior:
long head of triceps.
Anterior:
subscapularis, pectoralis major, & teres major.
Posterior:
infraspinatus & teres minor.
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Flexion / Extension
Hyperextension
Circumduction
Abduction / Adduction
Horizontal
Diagonal
Internal / External Rotation
Internal rotation
External rotation
Shoulder Joint Movements (Appendix B)
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Location:
Anterior:
Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, subscapularis, biceps brachii.
Posterior:
Infraspinatus, teres minor.
Superior:
Deltoid, supraspinatus.
Inferior:
Latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of triceps brachii.
Shoulder Joint Muscles
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Movements of the arm on the trunk involve the cooperative action of the shoulder girdle
Acromioclavicular joints
Sternoclavicular joints
shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.
Basic Movement Analysis of the
Arm on the Trunk
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Shoulder Joint: Abduction
Deltoid & supraspinatus
Shoulder Girdle: Upward rotation of scapula
Serratus anterior; trapezius II & IV
Shoulder Joint: Adduction
Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major (sternal), & post. deltoid.
Shoulder Girdle: reduction of upward rotation
Rhomboids & pectoralis minor.
Frontal Plane Movements
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Shoulder Joint: Flexion
Anterior deltoid & pectoralis major (clavicular).
Shoulder Girdle: Upward rotation of scapula
Serratus anterior & trapezius II & IV.
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Shoulder Joint: Extension
Pectoralis major (sternal), teres major, latissimus dorsi, post. deltoid.
Shoulder Girdle: Reduction of upward rotation of scapula
Relaxation of agonists
Against resistance – trapezius IV, rhomboids, pect. minor.
Shoulder Joint: Hyperextension
Teres major, latissimus dorsi, post. Deltoid.
Shoulder Girdle: Anterior tilt of scapula
Pectoralis minor.
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Shoulder Joint: External Rotation
Infraspinatus & teres minor
Shoulder Girdle: Adduction of scapula
Rhomboids & trapezius III.
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Shoulder Joint: Internal Rotation
Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, ant. deltoid, pectoralis major.
Shoulder Girdle: Abduction of scapula
Serratus anterior & pectoralis minor.
Shoulder Joint: Horizontal Adduction
Pectoralis major, ant. deltoid, & coracobrachialis.
Shoulder Girdle: Abduction of scapula
Serratus anterior & pectoralis minor
Shoulder Joint: Horizontal Abduction
Post. deltoid, post middle deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor, long head of biceps.
Shoulder Girdle: Adduction of scapula
Rhomboids & trapezius III.
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Diagonal forward-downward and slightly inward movement of the arm.
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AC joint forced beyond normal ROM.
Downward blow to outer end of shoulder.
Fall on outstretched hand.
Damage consists of tearing or severe stretching of AC ligaments.
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Clavicle fractures have causes similar to AC sprain:
Downward blow to outer end of shoulder.
Fall on outstretched hand.
May indicate injury by supporting injured arm.
Head may be tilted toward injured side with face turned to opposite side.
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May be forward, downward, or posterior.
Most likely when arm is forcefully abducted and laterally rotated.
May occur by a blow to top of shoulder .
Head of humerus is forced out of the glenoid fossa.
Arm held out from side in a position of slight abduction and lateral rotation.
Loss of normal rounded contour of deltoid muscle.
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Supraspinatus (supraspinatus tendon) most often injured.
Nature of injury depends on arm kinematics.
Caused by overuse, falls, or violent, fast arm motion.
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Soft tissue superior to humeral head pressed against acromion process.
Due to overuse, inflammation, trapped bursa, degeneration with aging.
Will cause pain and inflammation in shoulder.
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The Elbow, Forearm, Wrist & Hand
Terry Conkle, Ed.D.
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The Elbow Joint Structure
Actually 3 joints:
Humeroulnar
Hinge joint
Humeroradial
Gliding joint
Proximal Radioulnar
Pivot joint
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Distal humerus – trochlea & capitulum
Ulna – semilunar notch:
Coronoid process
Olecranon process
Radial head
Radial notch of ulna
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All 3 joints enveloped in a capsule, lined by synovial membrane.
Strengthened by radial & ulnar collateral ligaments (RCL & UCL).
The Annular Ligament encircles the radial head & binds it to the ulna.
Key Movements
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Radio-Ulnar Joint Structure
Distal:
Pivot joint
Radius articulates w/ ulnar head
Strengthened by:
Volar radioulnar ligament
Dorsal radioulnar ligament
The radioulnar
joint
movements
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Elbow & Radio-Ulnar Joint Muscles
Location:
Anterior (Elbow): Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres
Anterior (wrist): Pronator quadratus
Posterior: Triceps brachii, anconeus, supinator
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Muscular Analysis:
Basic Forearm Movements
Flexion
Biceps brachii, brachioradialis, brachialis
Brachialis active in all conditions.
Biceps brachii most active with supination, least active with pronation.
pronation
supination
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Muscular Analysis:
Basic Forearm Movements
Extension
Triceps & anconeus, against gravity.
Pronation
Pronator teres & pronator quadratus.
Supination
Supinator & biceps; Long head more active with greater muscle length, while short head more active with shorter muscle length.
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The Wrist & Hand
Great mobility due to generous supply of joints:
Radiocarpal (wrist) joint.
Articulation between two rows of carpal bones.
Carpometacarpal joints (note the next slide).
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Hamate
Capitate
Lunate
Triquetral
Scaphoid
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Radiocarpal (Wrist) Joint Structure
Condyloid joint
4 ligaments
Volar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal
Ulnar collateral
Radial collateral
Circumduction: movement at the wrist, where the fingertips describe a circle, & whole hand describes a cone.
Movements of the hand at the wrist
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Mid-carpal & Inter-carpal Joints
Proximal row of 4 carpal bones articulate with four carpal bones of distal row.
Permits only a slight gliding motion.
However, the gliding adds up to a modified hinge type of movement.
Anterior surface of carpal bones are slightly concave, referred to as the carpal tunnel.
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Carpometacarpal & Intermetacarpal Joints
The thumb is a prime example of a saddle joint.
Joints between bases of metacarpal bones are irregular.
All are enclosed in capsules.
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Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb – Movements
Abduction Hyperadduction Extension
Flexion Hyperflexion Opposition (w/ another digit)
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Carpometacarpal & Intermetacarpal
Finger Joint Movements
Short ligaments in this region, limit motion in these joints almost to the point of being nonexistent.
Slight gliding movements only.
5th carpometacarpal joint (pinky) is slightly more mobile.
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Meta-carpo-phalangeal Joint Structure
Joints at bases of the four fingers, uniting proximal phalanges with metacarpals.
Condyloid joints
Encased in capsules
Protected by collateral ligaments.
Also a dorsal ligament.
Posterior View
———————————————
Movements of
Metacarpophalangeal
Joint of the Fingers
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Meta-carpo-phalangeal Joint Movements of Thumb
Flexion:
volar (anterior) surface of the thumb approaches base of thumb.
Extension:
return movement from flexion.
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Interphalangeal Joints
Joints between adjacent phalanges of any of the five digits.
All are hinge joints, permitting only flexion & extension.
Hyperextension is slight, if present at all.
Each one enclosed in a capsule.
Strengthened by collateral ligaments, and in front (anteriorly) by a volar ligament.
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Anterior:
Flexor carpi radialis,
flexor carpi ulnaris,
palmaris longus.
Posterior:
Extensor carpi radialis brevis,
extensor carpi radialis longus,
extensor carpi ulnaris.
Wrist Muscles Hand Muscles
From forearm: Extensor digiti minimi, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis.
Intrinsic to Hand: Abductor digiti minimi, flexors digiti minimi brevis, interossei dorsales manus, interossei palmaris, lumbricales manus, opponens digiti minimi.
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Thumb Muscles
From forearm: Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis longus.
Intrinsic to hand: Abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis.
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Wrist
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Radial deviation (Abduction)
Ulnar Deviation (adduction)
Movement Analysis of Wrist, Thumb, & Hand
Fingers
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Opposition
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Thumb Metacarpal
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Opposition
Movement Analysis of the Thumb
Thumb Phalanges
Flexion
Extension
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Hand Grasp Examples
Power gripping involves flexion of all fingers
Cylindrical
Spherical
Hook
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Examples of Using the Hands to Grasp
Precision involves thumb & two fingers, depending on shape & size of object
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HPE304 (Kinesiology) and PED 512 (Biomechanics)
Template for the Movement Analysis Project – Spring 2021
400 Points
Each student will analyze a series of 3 pictures or images, that have been previously drawn/selected.
Use the tables presented later in this document (as the template) and adjust columns right or left as necessary. The tables must be shown in a neat and professional manner for clarity, reader-friendliness, and easy-grading. Rows may be added in cases where a joint is performing multiple movements or be in multiple positions. If there are any questions, or if you need clarifications, regarding something about the images, please consult with Dr. Conkle ASAP. DO NOT wait until the last minute to ask questions!! You must address each body part.
All information in the table MUST align all the way across with the material in the left column. Do NOT place information across 2 pages for the same joint, movement, muscles, etc. If a given joint on both the right and left are in the EXACT SAME POSITION, say so in the table’s left-hand column (Column 1) and treat it that way all the way across once, not twice.
Note that this assignment may take a more than a few pages for this to appear neat, professional, and reader-friendly.
Movement Analysis Assignment Format – Dr. Conkle
(Use Size 10 Font, Times New Roman, 0.50 margins are acceptable, but be sure everything prints on each page)
HPE 304 and PED 512 – Updated February 10, 2021
Overall Body Orientation to Target or Destination:
____ Seated ___X_ Standing Other (specify):
____ Rt. Side Orientation __X__ Lt. Side Orientation ____ Body is Lying Prone ____ Body is Lying Supine
____ Perfectly Square ____ Staggered Square ____ Open to Target __X__ Closed to Target
Movement Classifications:
Classification #1 (X one of the options): Manipulative Task _ X ___ Locomotor Task ____ Non-Locomotor / Non-Manipulative Task ___
Classification #2 (X one of the options): Gross Motor Task _X___ Fine Motor Task ____ Unsure / Gray Area ____
Classification #3 (X one of the options): Open Task ___X __ Closed Task ____ Unsure / Gray Area ____
Explain, or justify, fully why you indicated each type of movement classification above:
Classification #1: The first case is a manipulative one considering that the boy is moving or using an object with the hands to achieve a goal or complete a task.
Classification #2: The second classification is a Gross-motor task considering that all body muscles take part in the exercise.
Classification #3: The limb’s muscles dominate in conducting the exercise and movement is limited.
Phase 1 or Position 1 Image
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Body Part
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Joint Action/Position
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Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
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Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
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Rationale / Justification / Explanation
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Right Shoulder Girdle
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Horizontal Adduction
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Latismus Dorsi
i
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Middle
Deltoid
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Shoulder started to move toward the body and consequently causing to move shoulder girdle towards the body and leading to the same effect on Lattismus Dorsii and Middle Deltoid
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Left Shoulder Girdle
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Horizontal
Abduction
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Deltoid
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Latismus Dorsi
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Shoulder started to move away from the body and consequently causing to move shoulder girdle away from the body and leading to opposite effect on Lattismus Dorsii and Middle Deltoid
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Right Elbow / Forearm
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Flexion
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Biceps
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Triceps
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forearm moved toward his body by bending at his elbow in the first step of the image.
Triceps
ad
Biceps
plays role in this movement
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Left Elbow / Forearm
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Extension
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Triceps
Biceps
Forearm moved away from his body by straightening at his elbow .
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Right Wrist / Hand
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Flexion
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Wrsit flexor carpi Radialis and Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Palmaris Longus
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Banding Hand at wrist joint
|
|
|
|
Left Wrist / Hand
|
|
|
|
|
Extension
|
· Extensor carpi Radialis, Extensor carpi Radialis Brevis,extensor carpi ulnaris
|
· radialis
· flexor carpi ulnaris
· flexor carpi palmaris longus
|
the movement of raising the back of the hand. All muscles in the high took part in the exercise implying that even the wrist muscles relaxed as the hands stretched
|
|
|
|
Right Hip
|
Extension
Gluteus muscles Maximus & Hamstring muscles
|
Psoas and Illiacus muscles
|
Knee moved away from body and hamstring muscles and Quadriceps relaxed
|
|
|
|
Left Hip
|
|
Outward Rotation
|
Gluteus Maximus
|
Adductor Magnus, Brevis
|
Hip is rotated outward .
|
|
|
|
Right Knee
|
Flexion
|
Right Hamstring
|
Right Quadriceps
|
The flexion results from bendiyng the right limb.
|
|
|
|
Left Knee
|
Outward Rotation
Bicep femoris ,semimembranous muscles
|
Tensor fasciae latae , illiotibial band and popliteus muscles
|
Left knee is rotated outward..The biceps femoris acts as a lateral rotator of the knee, as does the semimembranosus muscle, whilst the tensor fasciae latae and iliotibial band act as lateral stabilisers of the knee, and the popliteus muscle rotates the knee both laterally and medially.
|
|
|
|
Right Ankle / Foot
|
Plantar flexion
|
Soleus , gastrocnemius
|
Flexor digitorum longus and brevis,
|
The muscle of the right ankle flexes as the whole leg is stitched upwards.
|
|
|
|
Left Ankle / Foot
|
Eversion and
Abduction
|
Peroneus longus and brevis
|
External diggitorum
|
Muscle of Left Ankle plays role in eversion and abduction of ankle as the whole leg is extended.
|
Phase 2 or Position 2 Image
Body Part
Joint Action/Position
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
Right Shoulder Girdle
|
|
|
|
|
Flexion
|
latissimus dorsi, middle trapezius, teres major.
|
Middle trapezius, teres major, posterior deltoid
|
The muscles abduct as a person tightens the muscles in preparation to hit the object throwing the ball.
|
Left Shoulder Girdle
|
|
Abduction
|
Pectoralis major,
pectoralis minor
, serratus anterior.
|
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior,
|
The left-hand stretches as the other hand’s muscles flex to throw the ball. Hence, Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior are affected as either agonists or antagonists.
|
Right Elbow / Forearm
Extension
|
Biceps
|
Triceps
|
The right-hand muscles extent as it holds the net stick preparing to hit the ball.
|
Left Elbow / Forearm
Extension
Biceps
Triceps
The left-hand muscles extend as the hand prepares to throw the ball up.
|
Right Wrist / Hand
Extension
|
Tricopetaurs
|
Tricopetaurs
The muscles extend and in turn leading to an
extension
of the
Tricopetaurs
muscles.
|
Left Wrist / Hand
Extension
|
Tricopetaurs
|
Tricopetaurs
The muscles extend and in turn leading to an extension of the Tricopetaurs muscles.
|
Right Hip
|
|
|
Abduction
|
|
Quadratus lumborum
|
|
Psoas, Adductors
|
There is no movement recorded by the right limb due to Quadratus lumborum exercise as the body muscles strengthen in preparation to throw the ball.
|
Left Hip
Abduction
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas, Adductors
There is no movement recorded by the right limb due to Quadratus lumborum exercise as the body muscles strengthen in preparation to throw the ball.
|
Right Knee
Flexion
Left hamstring
|
Right quadriceps
|
The radial rotation of the knee as a result of exercising to strengthen the muscles in the upper part of the leg such as those caused by the lateral rotation leads to left quadriceps and flexing.
|
Left Knee
Flexion
Right hamstring
|
Left quadriceps
|
The radial rotation of the knee as a result of exercising to strengthen the muscles in the upper part of the leg such as those caused by the lateral rotation leads to right quadriceps and flexing.
|
Right Ankle / Foot
Abduction
|
|
|
Metaphangeus Stinky
|
Metaphangeus Stinky
The right angle only strengthens, but it does not extend. Hence, this ankle is only drawn towards its axis.
|
Left Ankle / Foot
Abduction
Metaphangeus Stinky
Metaphangeus Stinky
The right angle only strengthens, but it does not extend. Hence, this ankle is only drawn towards its axis.
|
Phase 3 or Position 3 Image
Body Part
Joint Action/Position
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
Right Shoulder Girdle
|
|
Upward rotation
|
|
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
|
|
Rhomboid
pectoralis minor
|
The shoulder rotates upwards to lift the arm upwards which would help the body moving upward while jumping
|
Left Shoulder Girdle
Upward rotation
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Rhomboid
pectoralis minor
The shoulder rotates upwards to lift the arm upwards which would help the body moving upward while jumping
|
Right Elbow / Forearm
|
|
extension
|
|
Triceps brachii
anconeus
|
|
Brachialis biceps
Brachii
brachioradialis
|
|
Extended elbow makes the arm straighten to allow full upward rotation of the upper limb while jumping
|
Left Elbow / Forearm
extension
Triceps brachii
anconeus
Brachialis biceps
Brachii
brachioradialis
Extended elbow makes the arm straighten to allow full upward rotation of the upper limb while jumping
Right Wrist / Hand
|
|
Slight Extension
|
|
Extensor digitorum superficialis
|
|
Extensor digitorum profundus
|
|
A slight extension of the wrist occurs to make the hand quite straighten
|
Left Wrist / Hand
Slight Extension
Extensor digitorum superficialis
Extensor digitorum profundus
A slight extension of the wrist occurs to make the hand quite straighten
Right Hip
|
|
|
|
Flexion
|
|
Hamstring
|
|
Quadriceps
|
|
Flexion of the hip bring the thighs close to the trunk to provide the necessary thrust while jumping
|
Left Hip
Flexion
Hamstring
Quadriceps
Flexion of the hip bring the thighs close to the trunk to provide the necessary thrust while jumping
Right Knee
Flexion
|
Right hamstring
|
|
Right quadriceps
|
|
Flexion of the hip while standing very much allows the flexion of the knee
|
Left Knee
Flexion
Right hamstring
Right quadriceps
Flexion of the hip while standing very much allows the flexion of the knee
Right Ankle / Foot
Flexion
|
Ajaxal Longus
|
|
Metaphangeus Stinki
|
Foot flexes against the floor for the necessary thrust while jumping perceeding the knee flexion
|
Left Ankle / Foot
Flexion
Ajaxal Longus
Metaphangeus Stinki
Foot flexes against the floor for the necessary thrust while jumping preceding the knee flexion
|
Movement Analysis Assignment Format – Dr. Conkle
(Use Size 10 Font, Times New Roman, 0.50 margins are acceptable, but be sure everything prints on each page)
HPE 304 and PED 512 –
Overall Body Orientation to Target or Destination:
__ X __ Seated ____ Standing
____ Rt. Side Orientation _ X _ Lt. Side Orientation ____ Body is Lying Prone ____ Body is Lying Supine
____ Perfectly Square ____ Staggered Square ____ Open to Target _ X _ Closed to Target
Movement Classifications:
Classification #1 (X one of the options): Manipulative Task ____ Locomotor Task ____ Non-Locomotor / Non-Manipulative Task _ X _
Classification #2 (X one of the options): Gross Motor Task __ X __ Fine Motor Task ____ Unsure / Gray Area ____
Classification #3 (X one of the options): Open Task ____ Closed Task _ X _ Unsure / Gray Area ____
Explain, or justify, fully why you indicated each type of movement classification above:
Classification #1: The first case is a non-manipulative one considering that the lady does not have to move from one place to the other as she exercises. The lady is stretching the leg in the first picture before folding them in the next step. The overall action entails balancing feet and it happens in one seating position.
Classification #2: The second classification is a Gross-motor tasks considering that all body muscles take part in the exercise.
Classification #3: The limbs muscles dominate in conducing the exercise and movement is limited.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Phase 1 or Position 1 Image
Body Part
Joint Action/Position
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
Right Shoulder Girdle
Extension
pectoralis major and Prapezius lower and middle.
pectoralis major and Latissumus dorsi
The shoulder moved upwards and consequently causing the shoulder girdle to move upwards and leading to the same effect on the pectoralis major, Latissumus dorsi and, Prapezius lower and middle.
Left Shoulder Girdle
Extension
pectoralis major and Prapezius lower and middle
pectoralis major and Latissumus dorsi
The shoulder moved upwards and consequently causing the shoulder girdle to move upwards and leading to the same effect on the pectoralis major, Latissumus dorsi and, Prapezius lower and middle.
Right Elbow / Forearm
Extension
Tricopetaurs
Brachalis and Bicep Brachii
The muscles in the right elbow extend as a result of stretching the hand and in turn extending the Tricopetaurs muscles while leading to the relaxation of Brachalis and Bicep Brachii.
Left Elbow / Forearm
Extension
Tricopetaurs
Brachalis and Bicep Brachii
The muscles in the left elbow extend as a result of stretching the hand and in turn extending the Tricopetaurs muscles while leading to the relaxation of Brachalis and Bicep Brachii.
Right Wrist / Hand
Flexion
Wrist flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
All muscles in the high took part in the exercise implying that even the wrist muscles relaxed as the hands stretched.
Left Wrist / Hand
Flexion
Wrist flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
All muscles in the high took part in the exercise implying that even the wrist muscles relaxed as the hands stretched.
Right Hip
Flexion
Hamstring
Quadriceps
As the knee moves due to flexion, the right hamstring and quadriceps are forced to extend.
Left Hip
Flexion
Hamstring
Quadriceps
As the knee moves due to flexion, the right hamstring and quadriceps are forced to extend.
Right Knee
Flexion
Right hamstring
Right quadriceps
The flexion results from stretching the leg upwards.
Left Knee
Flexion
Left hamstring
Left quadriceps
The flexion results from bending the left limb.
Right Ankle / Foot
Extension
Metaphangeus Stinki
Ajaxal Longus
The muscle of the right ankle flexes as the whole leg is stitched upwards.
Left Ankle / Foot
Extension
Metaphangeus Stinki
Ajaxal Longus
The muscle of the left ankle flexes as a result of bending the leg as it seeks to stay comfortably on the ground.
Phase 2 or Position 2 Image
Body Part
Joint Action/Position
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
Right Shoulder Girdle
Flexion
latissimus dorsi, middle trapezius, teres major.
Middle trapezius, teres major, posterior deltoid
The muscles abduct as a person tightens the muscles in preparation to hit the object throwing the ball.
Left Shoulder Girdle
Abduction
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior.
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior,
The left hand stretches as the other hand’s muscles flexes to throw the ball. Hence, Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior are affected as either agonists or antagonists.
Right Elbow / Forearm
Extension
Biceps
Triceps
The right hand muscles extent as it holds the net stick preparing to hit the ball.
Left Elbow / Forearm
Extension
Biceps
Triceps
The left hand muscles extends as the hand prepares to throw the ball up.
Right Wrist / Hand
Extension
Tricopetaurs
Tricopetaurs
The muscles extend and in turn leading to an extension of the Tricopetaurs muscles.
Left Wrist / Hand
Extension
Tricopetaurs
Tricopetaurs
The muscles extend and in turn leading to an extension of the Tricopetaurs muscles.
Right Hip
Abduction
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas, Adductors
There is no movement recorded by the right limb due to Quadratus lumborum exercise as the body muscles strengthens in preparation to throw the ball.
Left Hip
Abduction
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas, Adductors
There is no movement recorded by the right limb due to Quadratus lumborum exercise as the body muscles strengthens in preparation to throw the ball.
Right Knee
Flexion
Left hamstring
Right quadriceps
The radial rotation of the knee as a result of exercising to strengthen the muscles in the upper part of the leg such as those caused by the lateral rotation leads to left quadriceps and flexing.
Left Knee
Flexion
Right hamstring
Left quadriceps
The radial rotation of the knee as a result of exercising to strengthen the muscles in the upper part of the leg such as those caused by the lateral rotation leads to right quadriceps and flexing.
Right Ankle / Foot
Abduction
Metaphangeus Stinki
Metaphangeus Stinki
The right angle only strengthens, but it does not extent. Hence, this ankle is only drawn towards its axis.
Left Ankle / Foot
Abduction
Metaphangeus Stinki
Metaphangeus Stinki
The right angle only strengthens, but it does not extent. Hence, this ankle is only drawn towards its axis.
Phase 3 or Position 3 Image
Body Part
Joint Action/Position
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
Right Shoulder Girdle
Flexion
Middle trapezius, teres major
Trapezius – upper, middle, lower
The muscles extends due to lifting of ball as the person prepares to hit it.
Left Shoulder Girdle
Protraction
Trapezius – upper, middle, lower
Middle trapezius, teres major,
The muscles extends due to lifting of ball as the person prepares to hit it.
Right Elbow / Forearm
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
The object is already lifted leading to flexing of Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus as it has already lifted the ball.
Left Elbow / Forearm
Protraction
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis longus
The muscles only become stiff as it gains strength required to hit the object.
Right Wrist / Hand
Extension
Extensor digitorum superficialis
Extensor digitorum profundus
The wrist muscles engage in the activity of throwing the object up leading to its extension.
Left Wrist / Hand
Extension
Extensor digitorum superficialis
Extensor digitorum profundus
The wrist engage in preparing the leg to hit making it to extend before the protracting.
Right Hip
Abduction
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas, Adductors
The leg is constantly moving due to exercising the agonist muscles. Hence, abduction occurs which will also leads to Psoas flexing
Left Hip
Abduction
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas, Adductors
The constant stretching of the leg to raise energy for the right leg to hit the object leads to abduction leads to Psoas flexing.
Right Knee
Flexion
Right hamstring
Left quadriceps
The movements as a result of the knee flexion causes hamstring flexing.
Left Knee
Flexion
Right hamstring
Left quadriceps
The movements as a result of the knee flexion causes hamstring flexing
Right Ankle / Foot
Extension
Metaphangeus Stinki
Ajaxal Longus
Metaphangeus stinki extends due to exercise of the right ankle. Consequently, Ajaxal Longus flexes as it prepares the left leg to regain its position.
Left Ankle / Foot
Extension
Metaphangeus Stinki
Ajaxal Longus
Metaphangeus stinki extends due to exercise of the right ankle. Consequently, Ajaxal Longus flexes as it prepares the left leg to hit the object
HPE 304 (Kinesiology) and PED 512 (Biomechanics)
Template for the Movement Analysis Project – Spring 2021
400 Points
Each student will analyze a series of 3 pictures or images, that have been previously drawn/selected.
Use the tables presented later in this document (as the template) and adjust columns right or left as necessary. The tables must be shown in a neat and professional manner for clarity, reader-friendliness, and easy-grading. Rows may be added in cases where a joint is performing multiple movements or be in multiple positions. If there are any questions, or if you need clarifications, regarding something about the images, please consult with Dr. Conkle ASAP. DO NOT wait until the last minute to ask questions!! You must address each body part.
All information in the table MUST align all the way across with the material in the left column. Do NOT place information across 2 pages for the same joint, movement, muscles, etc. If a given joint on both the right and left are in the EXACT SAME POSITION, say so in the table’s left-hand column (Column 1) and treat it that way all the way across once, not twice.
Note that this assignment may take a more than a few pages for this to appear neat, professional, and reader-friendly.
Movement Analysis Assignment Format – Dr. Conkle
(Use Size 10 Font, Times New Roman, 0.50 margins are acceptable, but be sure everything prints on each page)
HPE 304 and PED 512 – Updated February 10, 2021
Overall Body Orientation to Target or Destination:
____ Seated ____ Standing Other (specify):
____ Rt. Side Orientation ____ Lt. Side Orientation ____ Body is Lying Prone ____ Body is Lying Supine
____ Perfectly Square ____ Staggered Square ____ Open to Target ____ Closed to Target
Movement Classifications:
Classification #1 (X one of the options): Manipulative Task ____ Locomotor Task ____ Non-Locomotor / Non-Manipulative Task ____
Classification #2 (X one of the options): Gross Motor Task ____ Fine Motor Task ____ Unsure / Gray Area ____
Classification #3 (X one of the options): Open Task ____ Closed Task ____ Unsure / Gray Area ____
Explain, or justify, fully why you indicated each type of movement classification above:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Phase 1 or Position 1 Image
|
|
|
Body Part
|
|
|
Joint Action/Position
|
|
|
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
|
|
|
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
|
|
|
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
|
|
|
|
Right Shoulder Girdle
|
|
|
|
Left Shoulder Girdle
|
|
|
|
Right Elbow / Forearm
|
|
|
|
Left Elbow / Forearm
|
|
|
|
Right Wrist / Hand
|
|
|
|
Left Wrist / Hand
|
|
|
|
Right Hip
|
|
|
|
Left Hip
|
|
|
|
Right Knee
|
|
|
|
Left Knee
|
|
|
|
Right Ankle / Foot
|
|
|
|
Left Ankle / Foot
|
Phase 2 or Position 2 Image
Body Part
Joint Action/Position
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
Right Shoulder Girdle
Left Shoulder Girdle
Right Elbow / Forearm
Left Elbow / Forearm
Right Wrist / Hand
Left Wrist / Hand
Right Hip
Left Hip
Right Knee
Left Knee
Right Ankle / Foot
Left Ankle / Foot
Phase 3 or Position 3 Image
Body Part
Joint Action/Position
Agonist(s) Muscle(s)
Antagonist(s) Muscle(s)
Rationale / Justification / Explanation
Right Shoulder Girdle
Left Shoulder Girdle
Right Elbow / Forearm
Left Elbow / Forearm
Right Wrist / Hand
Left Wrist / Hand
Right Hip
Left Hip
Right Knee
Left Knee
Right Ankle / Foot
Left Ankle / Foot
