Using the attached form fill out the required sections to develop an annotated bibliography for the journal article that you accessed and read this week.  Submit your completed form using the above link.

Annotated Bibliography Worksheet

Student Name:

A. Bibliographical Information:

Author(s) Name:

Title of Article:

Date of Article:

Journal Name:

B. Summary of Article:

C. Evaluation of Article:

D. Reflection on Application to Practice:

Annotated Bibliography Rubric

50 Pts

Exemplary

Developing

Needs Improvement

Written Criteria

10 Points

7 Points

4 Points

Faculty Comments

Bibliographical Information 

Bibliographical information is accurately stated and formatted.

Bibliographical information contains 2-3 errors.

Bibliographical information contains more than 3 errors.

Summary of Article 

Article is concisely summarized in one paragraph with no more than one error

Article is more than one paragraph with one error

Article exceeds one paragraph and has more than 2 errors.

Evaluation of Article

Article is evaluated in light of its purpose and credibility

Evaluation is loosely based on evidence but well organized

Evaluation does not relate to purpose of article and is not evidence-based.

Reflection on Application to Practice

Reflection contains reference to application to current of future practice merits or lack of merit.

Reflection is vague and only loosely related to current or future practice.

Reflection does not connect merit or lack of merit to practice.

Grammar, Syntax, APA Format

APA format, grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation are accurate, or with zero to three errors.

Four to six errors in APA format, grammar, spelling, and syntax noted.

Paper contains greater than six errors in APA format, grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation or repeatedly makes the same errors after faculty feedback.

Ethics in Information Technology

Chapter 9

Social Media

George W. Reynolds

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Learning Objectives

How do individuals use social networks, and what are some practical business uses of social networking and other social media tools?

What are some of the key ethical issues associated with the use of social networks and other social media?

© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Social media: Web-based communication tools that
enable people to interact in online communities where they can share ideas, messages, images, audio, and video
Common features: User accounts, profile pages, friends
or followers, event pages, news feeds, media-sharing features, like buttons, and comments sections
Types: Blogs, discussion forums, media-sharing networks, wikis, social messaging apps, social networking sites, and social shopping platforms
Social networking platform: Creates an online community of Internet users that breaks down barriers created by time, distance, and cultural differences
What is Social Media?
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Social Networking Platform Unique Monthly Visitors (Millions)
Facebook 1,100
YouTube 1,000
Twitter 310
LinkedIn 255
Pinterest 250
Google Plus+ 120
Tumblr 110
Instagram 100
Reddit 85

Popular Social Networking Platforms
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Social network marketing: The use of social networks
to communicate and promote the benefits of products and services
37% of consumers say they use social media to
find out about products and services
Two primary objectives of social media marketers:
Raise brand awareness
Drive traffic to a website to increase sales
Global social media marketing spending nearly
doubled from 2014 to 2016, increasing from
$16 billion to $31 billion
Social Media Marketing, Part 1
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Advantages of social media marketing:
Marketers can create an opportunity to generate a conversation with viewers of the message
Messages can be targeted to reach a specific
demographic group
Organic media marketing: Employs tools tailored for a particular social media platform to build a social community and interact with it
Viral marketing: An approach to social media marketing that encourages individuals to pass along a marketing message to others
Social Media Marketing, Part 2
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Paid media marketing: Involves paying a third party to broadcast an organization’s display ads or sponsored messages to social media users
Can be targeted to specific demographic groups on
a social network
Two common methods of charging for paid media:
Cost per thousand impressions (CPM): Billed at a flat rate per 1,000 impressions (a measure of the number of times an ad is displayed)—whether or not it was clicked
Cost per click: Billed on a per click basis; no charge when
an ad is displayed but not clicked on
Paid Media Marketing
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Earned media: Refers to the media exposure an organization gets through press and social media mentions, positive online ratings and reviews, tweets and retweets, and reposts (or “shares”)
Volume of earned media is a factor in determining how high an organization ranks in Google’s search engine
Earned Media
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Employers look at the social media profiles of job candidates when hiring
Companies may reject candidates who post:
Information about their drinking or drug use
Provocative or inappropriate photos
Discriminatory remarks relating to race, gender,
or religion
Confidential information
Job-seeking candidates should review their presence
on social media
Social Media in the Hiring Process
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Consumers use social networks to:
Share their experiences, both good and bad, with others
Seek advice on how to use products more effectively
Unless organizations monitor social media, customers may be left to resolve questions and issues on their own, which can lead to a loss of customers and future sales

Improving Customer Service Using Social Media
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Social shopping platforms: Combine two highly popular online activities—shopping and social networking
Shoppers and sellers share information and make recommendations
Revenue is generated through:
Retailer advertising
Sharing data about their members’ likes and dislikes
with retailers
Popular social shopping platforms:
Fancy, MyDeco, Pinterest, Polyvore, and Wanelo
Social Shopping Platforms
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Cyberabuse: Any form of mistreatment, both physical and mental, based on the use of an electronic communications device, that causes harm and distress to others
Cyberbullying: A form of cyberabuse in which the abusive behavior is humiliating, hurtful, intimidating, malicious,
or otherwise offensive to an individual or group of individual and causes substantial emotional distress
Cyberstalking: A form of cyberabuse that consists of a long-term pattern of unwanted, persistent pursuit and intrusive behavior that is directed by one person against another and that causes fear and distress in the victim
Social Networking Ethical Issues
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Tips to help you avoid becoming a victim of cyberabuse:
Use a strong, unique password for each social media site.
If you break up with an intimate partner, reset the
passwords on all of your accounts.
Check your privacy settings.
Ask friends not to post personal information about you.
Don’t post photos of your home that indicate its location.
Avoid posting information about your current or future locations/activities.
Do not accept “friend requests” from strangers.
Avoid online surveys that ask for personal information.
Tips for Avoiding Cyberabuse
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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The National Center for Victims of Crime
Offers a detailed set of recommended actions to
combat cyberstalking
Association for Progressive Communications
FightCyberstalking
Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
Working to Halt Online Abuse
Stalking Risk Profile
Organizations That Offer Information Resources Related to Cyberabuse
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Some social networking platforms, law enforcement, and the courts have been criticized for not protecting minors from sexual predators
The 1994 Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act set initial requirements for sex offender registration and notification
Required sex offenders to register their residence with
local law enforcement agencies
The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Provisions (SORNA) of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 set national standards that govern which sex offenders must register and what data must be captured
Encounters with Sexual Predators
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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Most social media sites have terms of use agreements and policies that give them the right to delete inappropriate material and terminate user accounts
Limits on content that is sexually explicit, defamatory,
hateful, violent, or that promotes illegal activity
Revenge porn: Intimate photos/videos posted online without
the permission of the person shown; often uploaded by
ex-partners with an intent to shame and/or harass their former partner
Most sites do not have sufficient resources to review all material posted.
Uploading of Inappropriate Material
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects the right of freedom of expression from government interference but does not prohibit free speech interference by private employers.
Approx. 18% of private employers surveyed have
dismissed employees because of a social media post
Organizations should put in place a social media policy
to avoid legal issues and set clear guidelines and expectations for employees.
Employee Participation on
Social Media Networks
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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The risk of being involved in an accident is eight times higher if you are texting or using social media while driving.
Social media platforms enable a degree of self-image manipulation both in terms of physical appearance
and overall quality of life.
Additional Social Media Issues
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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How do individuals use social networks, and what are some practical business uses of social networking and other social media tools?
Social media: Web-based communication tools that enable people to interact in online communities by sharing ideas, information, images, audio, and video
Social networking platform: Creates an online community of Internet users that enables members to break down barriers created by time, distance, and cultural differences
The number of Internet users worldwide is approaching
4 billion.
Summary, Part 1
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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How do individuals use social networks, and what are some practical business uses of social networking and other social media tools?
Organizations use social media to advertise, identify job candidates, improve customer service, connect with suppliers, and sell products and services.
Social media marketing: The use of social media to
promote products and services
Advantages:
Create a conversation with viewers of the message
Target ads at specific demographic groups
Objectives:
Raise brand awareness
Drive traffic to a website to increase sales
Summary, Part 2
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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How do individuals use social networks, and what are some practical business uses of social networking and other social media tools?
Organic media marketing: The use of tools tailored for a particular social media platform to build a social community and interact with it
Paid media marketing: Paying a third party to broadcast
an organization’s display ads or sponsored messages to social media users
Cost per thousand impressions and cost per click
Earned media: Media exposure gained through press and social media mentions, positive reviews, tweets and retweets, and reposts (or “shares”)
Summary, Part 3
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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How do individuals use social networks, and what are some practical business uses of social networking and other social media tools?
Viral marketing: An approach to social media marketing that encourages individuals to pass along a marketing message
Approx. 60% of employers have used social media to research job candidates
Employers can legally reject a job applicant based on the person’s social media activity as long as the company does not violate discrimination laws.
Job seeking candidates should review their presence on social media.
Summary, Part 4
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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How do individuals use social networks, and what are some practical business uses of social networking and other social media tools?
Consumers use social networks to share their experiences, both good and bad, with others.
Many organizations actively monitor social media to improve customer service, retain customers, and
increase sales.
Social shopping platform: Brings shoppers and sellers together; members share information and make recommendations while shopping online
Summary, Part 5
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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What are some of the key ethical issues associated with the use of social networks and other social media?
Cyberabuse: Any form of mistreatment that uses an electronic communications device to cause harm and distress to others
Cyberharassment: Abusive behavior that is humiliating, intimidating, hurtful, malicious, or otherwise offensive to an individual or group of individuals
Cyberstalking: A long-term pattern of unwanted persistent pursuit and intrusive behavior directed by one person against another that causes fear and distress in the victim
Nearly three-quarters of U.S. Internet users have witnessed cyberabuse and almost half have personally experienced it.
Summary, Part 6
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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What are some of the key ethical issues associated with the use of social networks and other social media?
The 1994 Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act:
Set requirements for sex offender registration/notification
Required states to create websites with information on
sex offenders residing in the state
The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Provisions (SORNA) of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety
Act of 2006:
Set national standards that govern which sex offenders must register and what data must be captured
Summary, Part 7
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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What are some of the key ethical issues associated with the use of social networks and other social media?
Most social networking platforms have terms of use agreements and policies that state that the site has the
right to delete inappropriate material and terminate user accounts.
Inappropriate material posted online includes intimate photos/videos of people—posted without their permission
Such posts are often referred to as “revenge porn” and are used to shame, embarrass, and/or harass a former partner
Summary, Part 8
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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What are some of the key ethical issues associated with the use of social networks and other social media?
The First Amendment protects the right of freedom of expression from government interference but does not prohibit free speech interference by private employers.
Organizations should put in place a social media policy to avoid legal issues and set clear expectations for employees.
Additional social media issues include the increased risk of car accidents caused by the use of social media while driving and the tendencies of social media users towards narcissism and self-image manipulation.
Summary, Part 9
© 2019 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.

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