This assignment is very important 

A Life review is a naturally occurring, universal process consisting of reminiscence, thinking about oneself, and a reconsideration of previous life experiences and their meaning. You will be doing a Life Review on an older adult (65 years or older), by interviewing them. This Life Review assignment can be done with a family member, a loved one, a friend etc. DO NOT ASK SOMEONE YOU DO NOT TRUST, I DO NOT WANT YOU UNCOMFORTABLE OR IN A COMPRIMISING SITUATION. Ultimately, I would love for you to interview someone you have a connection with and someone you would like to know more about (as long as they are 62+). 

 The Final Life Review Paper should be 6-9 pages long (do not exceed 9 pages) and are due on the dates stated above. These submissions must be typed in Times New Roman, size 12 font, double spaced, and in APA (6th ed.) format with in-text citations and include a Title Page, Abstract, and Reference Page (Title, Abstract and Reference pages are not included in total page count). I will accept late papers; however, you will be penalized 7 points for each day it is late (unless you have an excused absence and provide documentation of the situation (such as doctors note, family issue, jury duty etc.), in which case, keep me in the loop. 

This is the final submission of this paper and must include The Interview (including the setting portion of your proposal), Theory Application, and Reflection. The Interview (4-6 pages): Please include the highlights from the “setting” portion of your Proposal with this portion of the paper, as you are telling the story of the life of an older adult, you want to give the reader a good amount of detail of their background. This section is written in paragraph format in descriptive writing form (example is provided on page below, along with recommendations for the interview). Application of Theory (1-2 pages): This portion allows you to coin learned course material to your interview. In this section, incorporate what you learned in class, into this interview. Please state and define the theoretical approach(s) you are using to analyze the interviewee. It is a good idea to describe the older adult’s wellness and capabilities at the time of interview. Show your understanding of course concepts’ in your application to the interviewee. Three citations necessary (any material presented in this course can be used), don’t forget: whenever you cite a source you need to give the appropriate APA reference. Reflection (1 page): Reflect on what you learned from this assignment. Address elements not only learned from the older adult, but also the interview processes and application of course concepts. Moreover, state what you learned from this writing process. Describe what you would have done different through this process and explain why. Also, briefly describe your own personal reactions associated with one’s own aging process. 

Possible Theories of Aging to use for your paper, please refer to your text and outside sources for more theories and or detailed information on these theories (pick at least 1): 

 Accumulative Waste Theory

 Activity and Continuity Theory 

 Aging-Clock Theory 

 Autoimmune Theory 

 Biology of Aging Theory 

 Cellular Theory 

 Disengagement Theory 

 Error Catastrophe Theory 

 Modernization Theory 

 Optimization with Compensation Theory 

 Wear-and-Tear Theory 

 World-we-have-lost Syndrome 

the full instruction is in the attachment

and the scrip/proposal is in the attachment as well 

this is the feedback from the professor regarding the scrip/proposal 

” Great job! Please add a question or 2 on    your grandma’s childhood as a life review spans tells one’s story from youth to present day. Great job, please proceed with your interview with the addition of the questions on childhood.”

Running head: LIFE REVIEW PROPOSAL/SCRIPT 1

LIFE REVIEW PROPOSAL/SCRIPT 2

Life Review Proposal/Script

Abdullah Al Bahrani

California State University-Long Beach

1/3/2020

Biology of Aging Theory

Abstract

Zahra Al Bahrani is an old woman who is suffering from back pains. Me and my siblings were living with her in the same house and that where I got the opportunity to interview her. The interview will be about her life disability and how she is straggling with it. What was the cause, challenges experienced and how it is being maintained?

Proposal

Mrs. Al Bahrani is seventy-five years old. She is my grandmother and we are staying in the same house with her while looking at her. She is short, of the medium body but moves around using a wheelchair. This is because she has a problem with her backbone and it no longer supports her body well.

First, Mrs. Al Bahrani will be prepared for the interview that will take place in her house. After the preparation, the interview will take place in two days. The first day of the week and in the middle of the week. It will take place from the house in the living room where she always stays during the day and meets other visitors. The specific time of the interview will be mid-morning before she gets tired.

I chose my grandmother because of the life stories that she used to tell us and because she took care of me when I was a kid. Due to that both of my parents were in full-time job, she was the one that took care of me and my other siblings. She used to be strong and ever working but all over sudden at the age of forty-five she fell it and she could not regain her full strength. As a result of this, I wanted to know the cause of her sickness, the medication and how her life changed after in a sudden manner. Whenever I look at her, I always wondered how she could be in normal life without the sickness striking her.

From this, the assignment level is very comfortable. I have always been curious to know what happen to my grandmother. Despite this, she is loving and accepted herself which also made me comfortable to choose her for the assignment. Besides, being used to her and I like talking with her about life situations.

To the completion of the assignment, I am looking forward to knowing the cause of her disability, treatment, and the preventable measures to the other generations. From this, the interview theory that I can see from her is the biology of the aging theory. This is because it deals with the human body together with the damages and how it is programmed.

Script

Interview Questions

1. How was your life before the illness?

2. What were the activities that you liked doing regularly?

3. What happened before you feel sick?

4. How did the sickness start?

5. Are you being bullied or bothered?

6. How do you explain the illness and all you are suffering from your friends and relatives?

7. Do you feel intimidated or undermined whenever you are asked or questioned about the disease?

8. Do you feel different from others?

9. What is the hardest part of having a disability and staying with the illness?

10. How do you view yourself?

11. How differently are different people treating you in different situations whenever their help is needed or when they pay a visit?

12. Did you enjoy your healthy life or you wish you were like normal people?

13. How are the medication expenses, do you feel burned?

14. How is the experience of taking the medication every day?

15. How did you cope to stay with the illness for this long without showing the signs of giving up in life?

16. Was the sickness preventable or it just comes without any preventable measures? If it was preventable, what did you do to prevent it, and what happened so that it stroke you down?

Instructions: Life Review Paper

(250 points Total: Proposal/ Script 30 points + Final Paper 220 points)

A Life review is a naturally occurring, universal process consisting of reminiscence, thinking about
oneself, and a reconsideration of previous life experiences and their meaning. You will be doing a Life
Review on an older adult (65 years or older), by interviewing them. This Life Review assignment can
be done with a family member, a loved one, a friend etc. DO NOT ASK SOMEONE YOU DO NOT
TRUST, I DO NOT WANT YOU UNCOMFORTABLE OR IN A COMPRIMISING SITUATION.
Ultimately, I would love for you to interview someone you have a connection with and someone you
would like to know more about (as long as they are 62+). If finding an older adult is an issue for you,
please email me by 12/31/19 (miriam.henan@csulb.edu) so we may figure something out for you. If
you do not let me know by 12/31/19, I will assume you have someone you can interview and are moving
along with the assignment.

The “Life Review Paper” will have two submissions:

1. Proposal / Script (Due by 11pm, on 1/3/20)

2. Final Life Review Paper (Due by 11pm, on 1/17/20)

Format and Submission:

Submissions will be made via Dropbox on BeachBoard. The Final Life Review Paper should
be 6-9 pages long (do not exceed 9 pages) and are due on the dates stated above. These submissions
must be typed in Times New Roman, size 12 font, double spaced, and in APA (6th ed.) format with in-text
citations and include a Title Page, Abstract, and Reference Page (Title, Abstract and Reference pages are
not included in total page count). I will accept late papers; however, you will be penalized 7 points for
each day it is late (unless you have an excused absence and provide documentation of the situation (such
as doctors note, family issue, jury duty etc.), in which case, keep me in the loop.

Grading:

Use the assignment guidelines below to compose an A+ paper, if you include the necessary
components of this paper in APA format, you will do just fine ? The Point Scale is as follows:

Proposal / Script (2-3 pages): 30 points

Final Life Review Paper (6-9 pages): 220 overall points distributed as following:

Interview: 100 points

Application of Theory: 60 points

Reflection: 40 points

Paper organization, grammar, spelling, APA, etc.: 20 points

Background Information for our Life Review Paper – Why this paper is important for our class?
Life review, as described by Robert Butler, is a naturally occurring, universal mental process

prompted by the realization of a foreshortened life expectancy. It potentially proceeds toward a
reorganization of the self, including the achievement of such characteristics as wisdom and serenity in the
aged. The process consists of reminiscence, thinking about oneself, and a reconsideration of previous life
experiences and their meaning. The task of a life review is to evaluate one’s life and accomplishments
and to accept the whole, both the good and the difficulties, as all necessarily a part of one’s own

individual life. This sense of embracing life confirms that one’s story has been “a meaningful adventure
in history.”

The life review process takes place gradually over a period of years for the older person and an
interested other person usually assist the older adult by taking an oral history. The history can be taken
over a period of several sessions and may be tape recorded (when consented to). The results are life long-
lasting memories, which may be given to the older adult or their family members and kept as a keepsake
and shared with younger family members.

Reference: “Life Review.” Encyclopedia of Aging. Retrieved March 15, 2018 from

Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-

and-maps/life-review

Instructions on how to conceptualize / write your Life Review Paper:
Proposal/ Script (30 points, Due 1/3/20, by 11pm):
Prior to writing your Final Life Review Paper, you will need to complete and submit (via

Dropbox) the “Proposal / Script”. This submission will be graded, and feedback will be provided shortly
after submission. Only after this submission is graded and you receive feedback, should you start working
on your interview/ paper.

Proposal (1 page): First you are required to submit a proposal of how you will complete this
assignment. Compose 1 page on what you know about this person and what you hope to know or
understand about this person. In addition, the Proposal should answer the following questions:

 Who are you interviewing? (relation to you, age, gender and any other
demographic information you would like to include).

 Where will this interview take place? (Describe the setting, date and time if you
have that information)

 Why did you choose this person?
 What have you always wondered about this person?
 What is your comfort level with this assignment?
 What are your concerns and what are you looking forward to in completing this

assignment?
 Which theory of aging do you foresee your interviewee experiencing and why?

(acquaint yourself with the theories prior to the actual interview so you are
prepared to assimilate the theory with the older adult. The theories are listed
below.)

The Script: After your proposal, you will need to come up with a series of questions (script) that
you will want to ask the older adult you are interviewing. These questions should cover the history of the
person’s life and capture the essence of who they are. These questions should also help you assess the
older adult using a theory model (possible theories below). While developing the questions, please have
in mind the theoretical approach you will use to assess the older adult.

There is not a specific number of questions you should come up with, however, a good set of
questions for a paper of this caliber will round to an average about 15 questions. The questions should be
derived from our course concepts such as chronic disease, biology of aging, love and intimacy, social
interactions, living arrangements, economic security, productive aging, retirement, death and dying, etc.
Please stay respectful of any topic your interviewee does not want to discuss. In writing this paper,
think of yourself as a qualitative researcher. Meaning, in this process you have the chance to
design your research study, conduct your own case study, and later discuss its results. Your
Proposal / Script is the first step to designing your case research study!

http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/life-review

http://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/life-review

Final Life Review Paper (220 points, Due 1/17/20, by 11pm):
This is the final submission of this paper and must include The Interview (including the setting

portion of your proposal), Theory Application, and Reflection.
The Interview (4-6 pages): Please include the highlights from the “setting” portion of your

Proposal with this portion of the paper, as you are telling the story of the life of an older adult, you want
to give the reader a good amount of detail of their background. This section is written in paragraph format
in descriptive writing form (example is provided on page below, along with recommendations for the
interview).

Application of Theory (1-2 pages): This portion allows you to coin learned course material to
your interview. In this section, incorporate what you learned in class, into this interview. Please state and
define the theoretical approach(s) you are using to analyze the interviewee. It is a good idea to describe
the older adult’s wellness and capabilities at the time of interview. Show your understanding of course
concepts’ in your application to the interviewee. Three citations necessary (any material presented in
this course can be used), don’t forget: whenever you cite a source you need to give the appropriate
APA reference.

Reflection (1 page): Reflect on what you learned from this assignment. Address elements not
only learned from the older adult, but also the interview processes and application of course concepts.
Moreover, state what you learned from this writing process. Describe what you would have done different
through this process and explain why. Also, briefly describe your own personal reactions associated with
one’s own aging process.

Possible Theories of Aging to use for your paper, please refer to your text and outside sources for more
theories and or detailed information on these theories (pick at least 1):

 Accumulative Waste Theory
 Activity and Continuity Theory
 Aging-Clock Theory
 Autoimmune Theory
 Biology of Aging Theory
 Cellular Theory
 Disengagement Theory
 Error Catastrophe Theory
 Modernization Theory
 Optimization with Compensation Theory
 Wear-and-Tear Theory
 World-we-have-lost Syndrome

Recommendations on how to conduct your interview

Begin by briefly expressing your interest in learning about the life of the older adult’s life and set
an appointment for a convenient time and place where the interview will take place. Explain that you will
use this interview as a class assignment and ask for permission from the older adult at this time to share
the interview with your professor/class (you do not need to mention real names in your paper if you do
not want to). Interview your subject in a quiet location. With permission, you can use a recorder device to
register the interview process and your subject’s answers. By recording the interview rather than taking
notes, it will give you the chance to focus on other types of communication, such as body language, facial
expression, etc. which will help with your descriptive skills while writing your paper. Make sure the older
adult is comfortable and is seated in a position to be heard (you could also maintain eye contact if in the
elder’s cultural background eye contact is a form of being polite.) Allow adequate time for the interview
but do not prolong more than two sessions.

After conducting the interview, you will then write up the questions and answers to the interview
in paragraph format. When writing up the interview be as descriptive as possible. You must use critical
thinking skills to make the experience flow and you want to allow the reader to feel as if they experienced
the interview for themselves. Thus, do not just simply state I asked her if she was married and she replied
her husband died 7 years ago. Instead describe the reactions and report in descriptive detail.
>Example of Descriptive Detail Writing:

As we sat near the window a cool breeze came in the room, she grabbed her blanket around her

shoulder and pulled it tightly to warm herself. I asked Mrs. Hudson if she had ever been married, adding

a smile to soften the question. She replied: “I was married for 42 years to the love of my life, Charles”.

She paused, it seemed for an eternity, and then continued, “… he passed away 7 years ago, and I think of

him each day. Be sure to use descriptive words and transitions to make this portion of the paper flow.

A final note:

This is not only a writing assignment. It is also designed to give you experience with
interviewing, work and learn from an older adult and expand on your writing skills. Give it your best
effort, and you will learn something valuable by listening to a real-life story. The Life Review Interview
should present a full picture of your subject’s life. Details help. To accomplish this, you will need to be an
engaged listener, involving yourself in the person’s story, and not just completing a class assignment.
You may need to interview the person twice, going back for more detailed answers in areas that interest
you. At times, you may need to rephrase some of the questions to make them better understood.
You may need to prompt the older adult, using such phrases as “tell me more,” “I think I understand, you
were…” etc. Do not force the person to go into detail on a particular topic if he/she is really
uncomfortable! Allow the interviewee to talk about what interests him/her but, move him/her along so
you can have a story that covers the whole life. You can get the interview moving along by saying things
like, “I would like to hear more on that later if we have time. Now, I’d like to ask you about…”

I am here to help, so please do not hesitate to reach out to me if you have any questions.

Final Life Review Paper (6-8 pages): 220 overall points:

 The Interview (100 points, 4-6 pages): Highlights from the “setting” portion of your
Proposal, detail of their background, Descriptive paragraph form interview.

 Application of Theory (60 points, 1-2 pages): Displayed leaned course material, Stated
and defined the theoretical approach(s) you used to analyze the interviewee. At least three
citations in APA format.

 Reflection (40 points, 1 page): Reflected on what you learned from this assignment.
Described what you would have done different through this process with explanation.
Brief description of your own personal reactions associated with one’s own aging
process.

 Organization, stayed within page length guidelines (6-8 pages), grammar, spelling,

APA (title page, abstract, in text citations and reference page): 20 points

Running Head: BACK PAIN 1

BACK PAIN 7

Back pain in elderly patients

Abdullah Albahrani

California State University-Long Beach

1/17/20

Introduction

Mrs. Al Bahrani is my seventy-five years old grandmother who has born and brought up in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. She freely agreed to by my interviewee in this life review interview. This is a rare opportunity offered to me to reflect and know her legacy. I have always had much respect for her, discerning the details of her life will help me become a better person, be more compassionate and conscientious nurse. After spending like a long time with Mrs. Al Bahrani, I got the chance to know her better. She lives in her own house that is located near my house. With the knowledge I have acquired throughout this semester, we were able to have engaging communication. The semi-structured interview took place in my grandmother’s room. We started by having a cup of coffee and our conversation lasted for about two hours, with such a soul near you, time can really fly! I can confidently say that talking to the old and wise is very rewarding, it increases the connection between the parties and helps understand one another. The life review interview illuminates different concept of legacy. For my grandmother, her legacy has been her family and big love she shares with other people.

Summary of the interview

As a teen, I lived with both parents and they loved me so much. During my childhood, I involved myself in manual jobs and walked four miles on a scaring path to school every day. She had intense passion in learning and her favorite subject in school was drawing. I was almost likely to have a younger brother, unfortunately my mother has a still birth during her second pregnancy. My parents never got any other child and this made her life revolved around her parents and the few neighbors. The family did not have much wealth at their disposal and this meant that toys were uncommon. Despite this, I loved to play hide-and-seek and make-it believe games. During her elementary schools, my parents decided to relocate to rural land to practice agriculture. I had to join a new school and at this new place, I had hard time trying to adjust and this affected her studies.

After completing my high school, I had hope of becoming a nurse. I wanted to help her community fight killer diseases, she owned it to her people because they were seemingly nice to her. In my teenage year, I met a young and promising man who swept me off her feet. We as lovebirds had passion in dancing and this made us have many dates. Sometimes thereafter, we got engaged and invested more time together. My fiancé’ taught her how to drive, unfortunately, he had narcolepsy and this made it unsafe for him to be on the road.

My alarm for back pain went off after giving birth to my daughter. One night I woke up and realized I was in agony. It was my back, I tried to move, I tried lying still, I also tried to sit, every posture hurt. I remember one day I closed the door on my crying baby and left her in her crib, stretching out for me. This experience made me walk away in tears. My child was sick, and as a loving mother I wanted to calm her. But I could not raise and rock her to help her sleep. Seemingly my broken back was fast wasting away!

At one point I visited physiotherapist recommended by a family friend, however, I do not remember her explanations. Over the next months, the pain intensified just above the right hip, but it had infused my whole body, drained my energy, and taken my pleasure of parenting. It was exhausting being in pain and worrying about the pain. I started exercise but shortly after, I went from exercising five time each week to doing zero exercise. I had the urge to get better instantly, so that I could slide back to my old ways of doing things. There is something about my back pain that makes me desperate to find instant solution. Bearing the pain and waiting for it to come to an end is unthinkable.

I have had the back pain for the better part of my life caused by scoliosis, a curvature of the spine. One day, I thought my back would snap if I cuddled by growing daughter. I had to give up on some parenting practices. Because of the back pain, I cause my daughter suffering. I realized that the pain make kids whose caregivers have the chronic pain at higher risk for behavioral issues, adjustment challenges, and the children are expected to have the pain. The entire family suffers. In my case, my two children felt I was uninvolved emotionally and physically, and more likely to be unpredictable and ill-tempered. Because of this, may be my child hid her true needs from me, lived in anxiety of stressing me or bringing more pain. Unfortunately, young adults and children who deal with this type of parents become perfectionists and retreat in silence.

My back pain advanced steadily. From age of 6 to 18, I had a brace under my clothes to strengthen my S-shaped spine. At the start, the brace kept the spine straight but the curving, like unruly adult, could not be controlled. At the age of 45years, the spine persisted with its wayward path and this means that the pain was constant in my body (Stensland & Sanders, 2018). After the strenuous pregnancy, the pain intensified and took another dimension. I went through my parenting taking anti-inflammatory medication. A scoliosis expert suggested corrective spinal fusion surgery, however, I observed that the risks of the operation are not significant compared to the possible benefits. The operation would involve “slitting the back, inserting steel rods, taking bone graft by the hip, and fusing the vertebrae together to stabilize the spine” (Wong, Karppinen, & Samartzis, 2017). I had worried of the operation. What if the surgery brings complications in other areas? What if the surgery cause paralysis and damage of nerves? The pain is more at my age but at least I am managing.

Fast forward, I know odds are against me now because of my age. I do not know what the medical future hold, lifetime of pain, therapies, or surgery. Parenthood may have damaged my body more, but as per doctor’s orders, I checked my curve. Currently I am push my back beyond its limits with little consideration of curve and the frequent pain.

Wear-and-Tear Theory

The low back pain (LBP) is a major incapacitating health conditions affecting people aged above 60 years. However, while most causes of the back pain are self-limiting and non-specific, older persons are more prone to develop low back pain pathologies because of their age-related psychosocial and physical changes. Existing literature shows that chronic and sever back pains increase with age. Compared to working-age adults, older people are likely to have certain back pain pathologies such as spinal infections, tumors, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and lumbar spinal stenosis (Wong, Karppinen, & Samartzis, 2017). Moreover, different age-related mental, physical, and psychological change such as dementia, spinal degeneration, and physical inactivity as well as other risk factors such as genetic and gender may affect the prognosis and management of low back pain.

According to age-clock theory, the back pain can be explained based on different factors. As people age, their muscle lose the elasticity, the bone also lose their strength, and the spine lose cushioning, all these lead to back pain (Docking, Fleming, Brayne, Zhao, & Macfarlane, 2015). Moreover, Injuries cause back pain. In case of an accident, through lifting heavy object, you can strain the spine and cause the disc to rupture or even bulge outwards. This puts more pressure on the back and nerves within it, and pain results. Other risk factors increase the chances of back pain. These include poor sleeping habits, overweight, inactivity, and smoking. Behind the high incidence of nonspecific (LBP) of young people lies the fact that these people should have high degree of activity of daily life at the point when age-related change in tissues and lumbar spine start to occur (Wong, Karppinen, & Samartzis, 2017). Therefore, as people try to fight symptoms and signs of aging, some foes greater compared to other. This is the case with back pain. Majority of the people will experience back pain at some point in life. However, back pain does not have to be inevitable part of aging process.

Reflection

The interview has brought me closer with the interviewee. Before I conducted the interview, she did not have much influence on me, but I have learned more about back pain from her life and the connection was resourceful. I had great learning time about the prognosis and management of back pain. This was possible because of the communication skills which I exercised. I would mention something and she would go into details about herself. I did not use the question-answer approach because it is limiting in terms of details. My interviewee enjoyed a continual conversation and it was a great time.

This was my first clinical experience in my nursing profession and it was a great learning process. Her conditions and fear makes me want to give evidence-based care and managed her fears on possible effects of spine surgery. Her worries push me to be a nurse who can be approached and offer solutions to different groups based on their culture, experience, and expectations. Unfortunately her source of back pain has genetic influences and this is a non-modifiable cause. Studies (Wong, Karppinen, & Samartzis, 2017; Docking, Fleming, Brayne, Zhao, & Macfarlane, 2015) shows that genetic play a significant role in vulnerability to chronic pain development, it plays a role in modulating pain sensitivity, and responses to analgesics. My grandma genetic factors predispose her to spinal disorder (scoliosis) and also altered her brain structures which modify central pain processing and perception. I believe the way out is to avoid occupational exposures to lifting heavy object or bodies, reduce twisting and bending, and stooping as a way of avoiding risks for the back pain in when. To this end it is true that higher education helps to prevent the back pains. More educated person are likely to be compliant to treatment and are willing to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

References
Docking, R., Fleming, J., Brayne, C., Zhao, J., & Macfarlane, G. (2015). Epidemiology of back pain in older adults: prevalence and risk factors for back pain onset. Rheumatology (Oxford), 1645–53.
Stensland, M., & Sanders, S. (2018). Living a Life Full of Pain: Older Pain Clinic Patients’ Experience of Living With Chronic Low Back Pain. Qualitative Health Research, 28(9), 1434-1448. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318765712
Wong, A. Y., Karppinen, J., & Samartzis, D. (2017). Low back pain in older adults: risk factors, management options and future directions. Scoliosis Spinal Disorder, 12(14). doi:10.1186/s13013-017-0121-3