In the Unit III Lesson, you learned about the overfishing and decline of the Atlantic Cod off the coast of Nova Scotia. Other populations of fish around the world have been affected in much the same way. This activity will help you explore which species are imperiled by current fishing practices and which are, for now, a relatively sustainable choice for the table.
Materials
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For this assignment, you will need a computer with Internet access.
Part I
Visit the
Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch webpage
.
Click “Seafood Basics” and from the dropdown menu, click “The State of Seafood” and read the page to learn about the fundamentals of the current environmental issues related to seafood.
Next, click “Seafood Basics” again and click “How can seafood be more sustainable?” Read each of the following tabs: Avoid Overfishing, Illegal Fishing, Limit Bycatch (including videos), Preserve Habitats and Strong Management.
Part II
Go back to the
Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch webpage
.
Next, click the “Seafood Basics” link, then the “What is Sustainable Seafood” and “Where Does Seafood Come from” links to answer the questions for Part II of this activity.
Part III
Visit the
Fishing & Farming Methods section of the webpage
.
Watch the videos and/or read the captions to learn about the different ways in which seafood is harvested. For some methods, there will be a video; for others, there will just be an image and a caption.
Part IV
Go back to the
Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch webpage
.
Next, click on “Recommendations,” then “Consumer Guides.” Select the guide that best represents your area based on the descriptions of the guides. Answer the questions in Blackboard using your own words and in complete sentences
Question 1
Which of the following best describes the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)?
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MSC is a governmental organization responsible for the monitoring of marine ecosystems.
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MSC is a regulating body that approves design of both fishing techniques and fishing boats.
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MSC is an organization that certifies seafood from sustainable fisheries.
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MSC is a non-profit organization that funds marine science research.
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Question 2
How is the ecosystem most adversely impacted by shrimp fisheries?
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There are fewer shrimp for dolphins to eat
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There is an extraordinary amount of bycatch
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Trawlers stir up food for sea birds
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Invasive shrimp species are introduced to new habitats
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Question 3
What does an ecosystem approach to fisheries management include?
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A focus on just the keystone species of an ecosystem
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Licensing fishermen to fish only in specific ecosystems
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A focus on sustaining whole ecosystems; emphasizing interactions among species in the environment
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Factoring in the land, the rivers and the oceans
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Question 4
How does most of the damage to the seafloor occur through commercial fishing?
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Boat propellers digging into coral reefs
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Heavy fishing gear that drags across the seafloor
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Boat anchors that drag along the seafloor
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Digging organisms no longer having predators to control their populations due to fishing
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Question 5
How are species like dolphins and marine turtles most affected by overfishing?
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They end up with nothing to eat.
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They are caught in nets as by-catch.
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They are hit by moving boats.
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They are canned and sold as delicacies.
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Question 6
Bycatch greatly affects all but which of the following?
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Marine mammals
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Sea turtles
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Krill (an important food source for whales)
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Sea birds
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Question 7
Which kind of fish are especially vulnerable to overfishing?
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Catfish
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Sardines
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Snapper
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Crabs
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Question 8
What steps have been taken to protect the ecosystem in Alaska to protect salmon fisheries?
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Limits on the number of new fishing operations, and monitoring salmon populations
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Allowing fishing at any time of year instead of just during the summer, and with smaller nets
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Gave a bonus to fisherman who sell their bycatch, and who kill fewer dolphins
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Licenses that allow only a specific number of Atlantic Salmon and smaller nets
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Question 9
What does the acronym MPA represent?
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Marine Protection Association
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Maritime Protection Area
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Marine Protected Area
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Maritime Protected Area
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Question 10
About how much of the world’s total fisheries production is estimated to be illegally harvested?
Question 11
Which is NOT a problem when it comes to escaped farmed species?
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The escapee might compete with natives species for mates
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The escapee might compete with native species for food
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The escapee might compete with native species for habitat
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The escapee might compete with the native species for dissolved oxygen
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Question 12
Which seafood organisms might be a better choice for farming and why?
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Mussels and oysters; because they are filter feeder that clean the water and do not need supplemental feeding
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Bluefin tuna; because of their extraordinary growth rate and high reproductive rate
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Salmon; because they can eat a wide variety of foods
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Young eels; because they are small, taking up little space and have low nutritional requirements
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Question 13
How are wild fish processed and used for something other than human food?
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They are turned into base ingredients for make-up and other beauty products
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They are processed into fishmeal and fish oil
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Calcium from fish bones is extracted and used in the production of silicon chip wafers
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Question 14
Aquaculture can be made more sustainable by:
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raising free range and pen-free salmon.
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using sustainable feed and raising fish that are not wholly dependent on wild food sources.
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raising shrimp and salmon in the same system.
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using genetically modified sources of feed.
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Question 15
What is the problem with some farmed fish being carnivores?
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They require a wild source of food that must be caught by fishing
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They will eat one another
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They can chew through their enclosures
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Carnivores are less desirable and have a lower market value
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Question 16
Why are fish-aggregating devices (FADs) a problem?
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FADs poison fish that swim near them
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Whales may inhale them and suffocate
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FADs are dangerous to sea turtles
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FADs attract both target and non-target species
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Question 17
Which of the following is NOT a way that longlining can be made safer for non-target species?
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Adding streamers
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Setting lines deeper
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Using J-shaped hooks
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Using circle hooks
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Question 18
Which two methods are most damaging to seafloor habitat?
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Bottom trawls and dredges
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Boat seines and pots
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Boat seines and dredges
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Pots and bottom trawls
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Question 19
Why is fish farming an issue for wild populations genetically?
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Genetically weaker fish may escape and mix with wild populations
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Wild fish may get into pens, breed with hatchery fish and take those poor genes to wild populations
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Wild fish become dependent on genetically inferior feed that falls out of the submersible pens
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Prey items for wild populations become genetically enhanced due to fewer predators
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Question 20
Which two aquaculture methods can be carried out inland (away from oceans or large bodies of water)?
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Shellfish cultures and raceways
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Ponds and recirculating systems
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Suspended cultures and ponds
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Open pens and raceways
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Question 21
Give three seafood items that appear in each category in the Seafood Watch guide. What are the differences in how the items are classified? Explain why the same type of fish might fall into different categories?
Choose the guide for your state or use the national guide:
https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations/consumer-guides
QUESTION 1
With __________, one species may negatively affect another, but will not be affected positively or negatively.
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amensalism
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commensalism
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mutualism
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parasitism
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10 points
QUESTION 2
Vultures feed largely on carrion (dead animals). Their role in the ecosystem is largely as that of a ___________.
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predator
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true predator
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scavenger
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parasite
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10 points
QUESTION 3
The yucca moth interacts with the soapweed yucca in which way?
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The moth pollinates the flowers so the larvae can eat the seeds.
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The plant provides shelter for adults.
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The moth larvae feed on the roots of the plant.
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The yucca secretes chemicals that kill the moth.
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10 points
QUESTION 4
Cattle egret follow herds of cattle and feed on both the insects stirred by the movement of the cattle and the biting insects that irritate the cattle. This is an example of:
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parasitism.
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predator-prey.
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mutualism.
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amensalism.
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10 points
QUESTION 5
Harvesting timber in such a way that only select trees are cut and the population of those trees within the targeted forest is allowed to return to the carrying capacity is an example of ___________.
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give-and-take strategy
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yield
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sustainable yield
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over-harvesting
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Match the organisms to the relationship.
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orchid / tree
coyote / rabbit
yucca moth / soapweed yucca
cowbird / warbler
tapeworm / human
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A.
predator-prey
B.
amensalism
C.
brood parasitism
D.
parasite
E.
mutualism
F.
commensalism
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QUESTION 7
1. Pick the phrase that best matches each term
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Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
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A.
organisms that feed on herbivores (carnivores)
B.
self-feeding organisms, photosynthetic
C.
organisms that eat plants (herbivores)
D.
two species that feed on the same prey organism
E.
organisms that feed on other organisms
F.
organisms at the base of the food web, autotrophs
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