You have been implementing your change project for a few weeks now. What adjustments from your original plan have you made or do you foresee needing to make in order for your change project to be successful? Explain in detail why these changes are needed. 

Running head: PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION 1

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION 6

Problem Identification and Description

Yanet Galan

West Coast University

01/31/2021

Problem Identification and Description

Obesity is one of the leading healthcare challenges in the United States. The Centres for Disease Control (CDC) defines an obese person as one aged 20 years and above and has a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above. Those with a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 are considered overweight (White et al., 2017). Obesity is a leading health issue in the United States because it is a health condition that leads to several diseases. Obesity leads to an increased risk of stroke, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, among others (White et al., 2017). Although obesity rates in the United States are relatively higher than in other developed countries, African Americans are the most affected by the phenomenon. The subsequent parts of this paper present a PICOT evaluation of obesity among African Americans.

Population

African Americans form one of the leading ethnic groups in the United States. Most African Americans are of African ancestry, while some of them have non-black ancestors. A majority of African Americans are descendants of slaves brought to America from Africa by force to work in the continent’s agricultural sector. Enslaved Africans were mistreated, and their rights were severely limited. They were also excluded from the social, economic, and political progress of the United States until later years after the country became more free and democratic. The effects of slavery and the deliberate exclusion of African Americans from the main spheres of American society are demonstrated in many ways. For example, most African Americans live in poor conditions compared to their white counterparts.

Additionally, African Americans are among the people who are heavily affected by diseases because of the disparities that exist in the country’s healthcare system (Assari, Wisseh, & Bazargan, 2019). Since obesity is currently one of the leading health issues in the United States, African Americans have become the most affected ethnic group in the country. Knox-Kazimierczuk and Shockly-Smith (2017) state that African Americans have the highest obesity rates in the United States than other groups. It is estimated that almost four out of five African American women are overweight or obese. A study released in 2018 revealed that African Americans were 1.3 times more likely to be obese than other groups like non-Hispanic whites (Knox-Kazimierczuk & Shockly-Smith, 2017). A general audit of the African American population by the CDC in 2012 established that approximately 70% of African American adults are overweight or obese (Knox-Kazimierczuk & Shockly-Smith, 2017). The high rates of obesity among African Americans make it necessary for healthcare professionals like nurses to come up with effective interventions.

Intervention

Increased obesity rates among African Americans threaten to cause further problems in the community. Nurses should come up with effective strategies aimed at combating the phenomena. One of the interventions that can be used by African Americans to combat obesity is the adoption of a healthy eating plan and regular physical exercises. More than 85% of obese people have poor eating habits. Most of them ingest unhealthy foods full of calories, which cause obesity (White et al., 2017). Nurses should recommend a healthy eating plan with fewer calories as the first step towards weight reduction. People who are overweight should then participate in regular physical exercises such as jogging, playing basketball, going to the gym, or any other activity. Although it might take a relatively long time to reduce weight or obesity, the adoption of a healthy eating plan and regular exercises will, in the end, be useful in weight management.

Comparison

Although using a healthy eating plan and regular physical activities is an effective intervention, other interventions have been recommended to address obesity among African Americans. One of the trends in the fight against obesity is the use of weight-loss devices. Weight loss devices are used in instances where patients have tried and failed to reduce their weight. The electrical stimulation system is one of the methods that are used to address obesity. The electrical stimulation system allows a surgeon to place a device in a patient’s abdomen through laparoscopic surgery (Assari et al., 2019). The device disrupts brain activity between a patient’s stomach and brain, leading to reduced food intake. Although they offer an expensive intervention compared to healthy food plans and physical activities, weight loss devices offer hope to patients who have tried all the other weight-loss interventions with little success.

Outcome

The main outcome from the interventions’ application is the reduction of the rate of obesity among African Americans. Current statistics reveal a worrying trend where as many as 4 out of 5 African American women are overweight. The objective of the interventions is to reduce the percentage of African Americans who are obese. Since Knox-Kazimierczuk and Shockly-Smith (2017) state that as much as 70% of the African American adult population is overweight and obese, the outcome of these alternatives is to reduce the number to at least 40%.

Time

The timeframe for the achievement of the outcomes depends on how well the interventions are applied. However, with all existing factors constant, the time frame for reducing obesity rates among African Americans from 70% to 40% should be at least 15 years.

From the analysis, it is evident that obesity is a severe problem among African Americans. It is estimated that about 70% of the total African American adult population is overweight or obese. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should apply the interventions discussed to reduce the trend.

References

Assari, S., Wisseh, C., & Bazargan, M. (2019). Obesity and polypharmacy among African American older adults: Gender as the moderator and multimorbidity as the mediator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122181

Knox-Kazimierczuk, F., & Shockly-Smith, M. (2017). African American women and the obesity epidemic: A systematic review. The Journal of Pan African Studies (Online), 10(1), 76-110.

White, M. S., Addison, C. C., Campbell Jenkins, B., W., Bland, V., Clark, A., & LaVigne, D. A. (2017). Optimistic bias, risk factors, and development of high blood pressure and obesity among African American adolescents in Mississippi (USA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(2), 209. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020209

Running head: OBESITY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS 1

OBESITY AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS 8

Obesity among African Americans

Yanet Galan

West Coast University

2/1/2021

Obesity among African Americans

The emergence of obesity as a major healthcare problem in the United States has earned it the label of a national epidemic. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that more than one third of the people in the United States are overweight or obese. This number translates to about 35% of the population. Although the number of the affected is high across all ethnic groups in the country, African Americans are the most affected by chronic disease and obesity. White et al. (2017) state that African American women are disproportionately affected by obesity. Data from NHANES indicate an increase in the prevalence of obesity among African American women in the last two decades. Currently, almost 47.8% of all African American women are considered obese (White et al., 2017). Although obesity is a serious problem among the African American community, there are limited studies that seek to explore the issue and find possible solutions. It is, therefore, important to analyze some of the factors that have led to the emergence of obesity as a national epidemic and the strategies that can be used to address it.

Assari, Wisseh, and Bazargan (2019) state that increasing rates of obesity among African American communities and the rest of the country has ignited a national conversation on how to best deal with the crisis. The amount of money and other resources that are being directed towards addressing obesity has forced policy makers and citizens to look for solutions to the health crisis. For example, increasing obesity rates in the United States forced the National Health Institute to spend approximately $857 million in 2014 in obesity research (Assari et al., 2019). The amount of money and resources that have been pumped into obesity research has been o na steady increase over the years. Despite the huge investments in obesity research, the rates of obesity research remain high among African Americans. The analysis of data from CDC shows that the rate of obesity among African Americans is staggering. Therefore, the country, through the relevant agencies should give substantial attention to obesity in African American communities and the rest of the country.

Obesity Prevalence among African Americans

In their investigation of obesity prevalence in 2015, Knox-Kazimierczuk and Shockly-Smith (2017) established that the prevalence of obesity and overweight has dramatically increased since the 70s. The CDC estimates that the rate of obesity among adults in the United States has more than doubled to 33.9% from 1980 to 2008. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) also show that the rates of obesity have remained high with more than 36% of the population in the country considered to be obese or overweight (Knox-Kazimierczuk & Shockly-Smith, 2017). The NHANES used data from the studies it conducted from 2009 to 2010. The data also indicated similar trends in obesity among racial minorities like African Americans and Latinos. An analysis of the data during the same period indicates that obesity rates among African Americans increased. Currently more than 58% of African Americans are more likely to be obese or overweight than any other racial group.

Sims et al. (2020) observe that ethnic minorities from lower socioeconomic groups are disproportionately affected by obesity. African Americans, for example, are among the groups that have been disproportionately affected by obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, among other health issues. Although there is limited research on why African Americans are the most affected by various health challenges, it is possible that a host of factors come together to contribute to these wide health disparities. The prevalence of obesity among African Americans is 66% which is 1.4 times more than that in Caucasian women whose prevalence stands at 47% (Sims et al., 2020). African Americans are also at the greatest risk of developing diabetes and diseases like hypertension at an early age. Sims et al. (2020) further state that African American women have more abdominal fight than Caucasian women.

Approximately 48% of all adult African Americans are obese or overweight. It is estimated that 56.6% African American women and 37.1% men are clinically obese. The health risks that are associated with obesity makes such statistics alarming. It is, therefore, important that awareness of such risks must be spread widely so as to motivate people to change their lifestyles.

Factors leading to high obesity rates among African Americans

Several factors can be used to explain why obesity prevalence is high among African Americans than in other ethnic groups in the United States. One of the major factors that contribute to high obesity rates among African Americans is poverty of the lack of financial resources. Although 2019 saw poverty rates in the United States fall to 10.5%, the lowest since 1959, most African Americans are still affected (Avery et al., 2016). The poverty rate for African Americans was 18.8%, which is higher compared to other ethnic groups. The high poverty rates among African Americans directly and indirectly contribute to increasing obesity rates. High poverty rates among African Americans make it hard for them to access quality healthcare. The United States’ healthcare system is among the costliest in the world. As a result, individuals who are uninsured and poor find it hard to access healthcare service that may help them address the issue of obesity.

The lack of options for healthy foods is a also a contributing factor towards increasing obesity rates among African Americans. Moreno et al. (2017) state that a significant number of African Americans live in poor neighborhoods where it is hard to get healthy foods like fresh vegetables and fruits. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the number of food deserts throughout the country. Food deserts have been created by an increase in fast food restaurants which give people access to cheap and unhealthy foods (Schroeder et al., 2019). Individuals who live in food deserts only survive on processed foods because they cannot afford or access healthy and fresh produce. The United States Department of Agriculture estimate that more than 23 million people live in food deserts. Such people live more than one mile from a supermarket in a suburban or urban area or more than 10 miles in rural areas (Schroeder et al., 2019). Since many African Americans live in food deserts, it is hard for them to adopt a healthy diet hence increased obesity rates.

Another factor that has contributed to increased obesity rates among African Americans is the neighborhoods where most of them reside. Since a significant proportion of African Americans live in poverty, then can only afford to live in poor neighborhoods. Such neighborhoods are usually abandoned with limited infrastructure development of maintenance (Assari et al., 2019). Most of the black neighborhoods lack essential amenities such as playing fields, modern gyms and other amenities. High crime rates in these neighborhoods further discourage other people from participating in physical activities that may improve their health and maintain their body weight.

Finally, lifestyle is also another factor that contributes to the high obesity rates among African Americans. A significant number of African Americans do not live healthy lifestyles. The number of people in the African American community holding more than one job is high due to the desire to uplift themselves from poverty. As a result, most of them lack the time to focus on things that may benefit their health in the long run. For example, instead of cooking a proper meal, some would prefer buying processed food, which are not healthy. The busy lifestyles of most of the people in African American communities mean that they do not have the time to exercise or engage in other activities that may benefit them in the long run.

Possible Nursing Interventions

After understanding the obesity prevalence in African American communities and some of the factors that contribute to the high obesity rate, it is important to investigate some of the possible and effective interventions. One of the strategies or interventions that can be used to combat obesity in African American schools is school based programs. Moreno et al. (2017) state that school based programs have been used for many years impact child health and set a firm foundation and example foe the rest of the community. Preventive efforts are the key to combating obesity among African American communities. Therefore, schools offer an important setting where nurses and other health care professionals can fight obesity. School based programs are effective in the fight against obesity because they promote physical activity, supportive environments, and nutrition education (Schroeder et al., 2019). The lessons gained by students can then be transferred to the community. The use of school based programs is an effective tool against obesity because it makes it possible top imprint physical activity and proper dietary habits in children. The move further allows schools to create lifelong eating habits. An analysis of existing literature reveals mixed results when it comes to the use of school based programs to combat obesity. Interventions among African American communities that were done between 1966 and 2001 showed minimal positive weight related outcomes (Avery et al., 2016). The changes were however small and the measures that were used varied from one study to another. A study carried out by Avery et al. (2016) established that school based programs are only successful when the right parameters or measures are applied.

Another effective intervention is the implementation of healthy diet plan and physical exercises. The adoption of a healthy diet plan is currently the most effective and cost friendly intervention. Nurses working with nutritionists identify the right healthy diet plan depending on the patient and their weight. Most of the studies that have investigated the effectiveness of healthy diet plans and physical activities have reported positive results with regards to weight loss. A study cited by Schroeder et al. (2019) subjected 50 people to a two year pilot study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of healthy eating and physical exercise. Out of the fifty, 35 of the participants experienced significant weight loss within the first two years of the study. It was, therefore, evident that the implementation of healthy diet plan and physical exercise is the most effective intervention.

This study will, therefore, apply healthy diet plan and physical exercise as the main intervention in the fight against obesity in African American communities. The results will be collected and analyzed to establish if the strategy is effective or not.

References

Assari, S., Wisseh, C., & Bazargan, M. (2019). Obesity and polypharmacy among african american older adults: Gender as the moderator and multimorbidity as the mediator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122181

Avery, C. L., Holliday, K. M., Chakladar, S., Engeda, J. C., Hardy, S. T., Reis, J. P., . . . Zeng, D. (2016). Disparities in early transitions to obesity in contemporary multi-ethnic U.S. populations. PLoS One, 11(6) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158025

Knox-Kazimierczuk, F., & Shockly-Smith, M. (2017). African american women and the obesity epidemic: A systematic review. The Journal of Pan African Studies (Online), 10(1), 76-110.

Moreno, J. P., Vézina-Im, L., Vaughan, E. M., & Baranowski, T. (2017). Impact of child summertime obesity interventions on body mass index, and weight-related behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open, 7(10) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017144

Schroeder, K., Jason, V. A., Dhurandhar, E., Lancaster, B., Heidari, Z., Cazenave, K., . . . Erdman, P. (2019). Riding into health: A case study on an equine-assisted childhood obesity intervention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234835

Sims, M., Lá Shauntá M. Glover, Gebreab, S. Y., & Spruill, T. M. (2020). Cumulative psychosocial factors are associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and management among african americans in the jackson heart study. BMC Public Health, 20, 1-11. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08573-0

White, M. S., Addison, C. C., Campbell Jenkins, B.,W., Bland, V., Clark, A., & LaVigne, D. A. (2017). Optimistic bias, risk factors, and development of high blood pressure and obesity among african american adolescents in mississippi (USA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(2), 209. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020209

ee grading rubric for additional feedback  Please revise for your final manuscript based on feedback. 

I really enjoyed reading your literature review of your change project.  You have partially met the goal of reviewing and critiquing the most current research to support your change project. You did not meet the minimum of 10 peer reviewed articles, books or non-research literature.  The literature is supported by scientific evidence that is credible and timely.  If you did not do so please include an Introduction and Conclusion in your papers.  If you have not done so, add a literature review section on your Nursing Theory you will be using as your foundation for your change project. You present an accurate analysis if significant findings related to the change project synthesized analysis by theme. 

You have a nice start and however you are missing an introduction, conclusion, and sections that pertain to your project.  This was all mostly your background.  You did a nice job summarizing the key findings for specific article you wrote about. You did provide a transition to the, intervention of your paper; nice work.  Methods section is missing.  You are missing a strong description of gaps in knowledge and how effects this may have on nursing practice as it relates to your change project topic. Proper mechanics and APA formatting were not completely followed… check on your headings for APA format, subheadings start at left hand margin..  Main headings are centered.  

This research will help drive the focus of your research.

Please work on these changes for your final paper lit review section.

Dr. Wyrick

2

Project Aims, Values and Desired Outcomes

Yanet Galan

West Coast University

2/17/2021

Project Aims, Values and Desired Outcomes

Describe the Project Aim

The primary aim of the project is to spread awareness regarding obesity among the African-American group. It has accumulated data and statistics that explains some of the reasons why the group is the most affected by obesity as compared to other minority cultures in the state. Another aim of the project is to explains some of the fundamental causes of the atrocities and why African-Americans are placed under the significant risks of contraction (Assari, 2018). For instance, the central factor that prevails obesity among the culture is their minimal access to healthcare facilities. They are discriminated by race and color thus few people have chances to seek professional help regarding obesity and how to maintain it. Furthermore, the project aims to highlight some of the basic strategies taken by the government and medical facilities to intervene and prevent the massive spread of obesity among Black Americans.

Describe the Project Value

The main stakeholders are the African-Americans suffering from obesity. Creating awareness will help the cultural group attract medical institutions ready to offer their help and teach them regarding various strategies used to curb the disease (Assari, 2018). De to their increased poverty levels, multiple organizations will be formed to sponsor obesity awareness projects. Moreover, they will massively benefit since solutions will be created on how to prevent obesity and decrease the rising rates not only in Black Americans but also other minority races present within America. The government is also a stakeholder that should be involved in obesity prevention among the African-Americans. They can contribute to the change project by providing the necessary resources that would help eradicate the premises. For instance, creating health policies that favor minority races within the state to facilitate acquisition of quality treatment. The nursing professional will be in demand since obese people require increased professional care. They require nurses to educate them on various ways to curb obesity and ensure that an individual experiences normal life.

Desired Outcomes

The initial purpose of the change project was to invent permanent solutions for rampantly spreading obesity. The central desired outcome for the project is to analyze the possible solutions to obesity among African-American communities. Finding the right solutions ensure that the percentage rate of obesity drops to a lower level. For instance, the central strategy to curb obesity spread is to introduce a routine health diet to the victims (Assari, 2018). The primary benefit is that continuous adherence to that project will ensure that most people observe massive drops in their weight. Furthermore, general people in the community will learn how to create healthy eating habits and avoid most of the foods that trigger obesity development. Moreover, another desired outcome of the change project is that the African-Americans will receive quality care like other citizens in America.

Moreover, another anticipated outcome is for the culture to be educated regarding obesity. Overall education is essential since it will prevent massive increase of victims. They will take cautious actions which protect them against obesity of other atrocities that results from the disease like diabetes or hypertension. Another anticipated outcome is to analyze some of the contributions of the nurses in culminating the change (Assari, 2018). The project seeks to determine whether their efforts have contributed in advocating against obesity within the African-American community. The change project analyzes some of the victims and the change accomplished after implementing the initial solutions.

References

Assari, S. (2018). Family income reduces risk of obesity for white but not black children. Children, 5(6), 73.

Running head: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 6

Theoretical framework

Yanet Galan

West Coast University

3/1/2021

Theoretical framework

Awareness regarding obesity among African-American group

Obesity is usually regarded as a complex disease that involves having an excessive amount of body fat. Therefore, obesity is regarded as a medical problem that increases an individual’s risk of getting other diseases or health problems like diabetes and high blood pressure. Obesity can be as a result of inherent factors, lack of exercise, and personal diet. African-Americans are at the highest risk of being overweight and being obese, mostly African-American women (Stepanikova, 2017). Economic disadvantage, as well as the lifestyle of the African-American group, is one reason to why there are at a high risk of being obese.

Identifies two independent theories or conceptual models that relate to the change project topic

Since there are various causes of obesity, there are also several theories on obesity. According to William Bennett, there are three theories that explain the cause of obesity, including; the three-bears theory, the pica theory, and the fat-stat theory. In this paper, I will discuss two theories only.

The three-bears theory

According to the three-bears theory, there are various emotional as well as cognitive influences that cause an individual to eat a lot, little, or the right amount of food. Therefore, the theories state that individuals eat too much since they like food and don’t realize when they are overeating. On the other hand, some people eat a lot in order to compensate for emotional conflict, loneliness, anxiety, and present as well as past deprivation. Additionally, the theory suggests that obesity can be regarded as an accidental result. Therefore, African Americans can be experiencing problems that makes them be anxious or experience loneliness; thus, they eat a lot to fill those gaps. The theory also suggests that obesity can be treated through eating the right amount of food.

The pica theory

According to pica theory, individuals usually become obese since they eat inappropriate nutrients mixture. Therefore, an individual can eat a lot while attempting to accumulate a scarce micronutrient. Therefore, this theory suggests that an individual can treat obesity composition instead of food quality as key to weight control. Since a large population of African-Americans are disadvantaged economically, they can end up eating food with poor nutrient mixture.

Describe how they will be applied to the change project

The two theories can be very important in helping African-Americans individuals to avoid being obese and treating those who are obese. The theories will help African-Americans to learn how to maintain a balanced diet with an appropriate nutrient mixture. Additionally, African-Americans can learn to avoid factors like anxiety or emotional conflict, which can result in them eating a lot. Therefore, these theories will be of benefit to African-Americans by helping them change their poor lifestyle.

Presents evidence of the use of the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycle that includes a description of the study, study design, rationale, and inclusion of sampling information that is being used 

The plan do study act can be regarded as four stages problem-solving model. It is usually used for improving change. When using the plan do study act, it is essential for an individual to include those who will be affected by the change so that they can give feedback on what they see working and what does not (Crowfoot and Prasad 2017). Therefore, in creating awareness about obesity among African-Americans, all individuals will be involved actively. Involving all African-Americans will help in increasing awareness of obesity.

Therefore, the plan do study act cycle involves four stages which are plan, do, study, as well as Act. All these stages will be important in creating awareness about obesity among the African-American group. These stages are as discussed below;

Plan

In this stage, it is important to bring together a team that has appropriate knowledge concerning obesity as well as how to improve the problem. Additionally, it is important to consider the strength of each team member. This team will be responsible for creating awareness about obesity among the African-American group. Each and every individual from the team should be aware of his or her responsibilities and roles. It is also important to set a timeline in which obesity awareness will last as well as meeting schedules.

The aim will be to ensure that all African-Americans are aware of the dangers of obesity and how to prevent themselves from being obese. In order to determine whether the change is resulting in improvement, all participants will be asked to provide their progress. Therefore, the change should be in process flow so as to ensure when there is a problem, it can be identified easily and solved.

Do

Do is the second stage which involves the implementation of the action plan for creating awareness on obesity among African-American individuals. It is essential to collect data during the change, which is vital in the evaluation of the plan. Additionally, the team involved in obesity awareness should make sure there is clear documentation of general observation, problems, as well as unexpected effects.

Study

In this stage, the aims of creating awareness of obesity among African-Americans, as well as data gathered during the second stage, will be used to determine whether there was an improvement. Improvement among African-Americans can be noticed when individuals start taking care of their weight while others take appropriate measures in reducing their weight. The negative effect that could result is lack of finances to maintain balanced nutrients in the food African-Americans consume (Assari, 2018). On the other hand, creating awareness of obesity will be worth it since a lot of African-Americans will benefit positively. Additionally, there will be a reduction of African-Americans who get sick due to obesity.

Act

This stage will involve reflecting on the outcomes as well as the plan of creating awareness on obesity. The team involved in creating awareness should be responsible for determining whether the plan resulted in success. Success can only be achieved when all targeted African-American with obesity or without are aware of managing obesity. Additionally, it is important to examine the process of creating awareness and determine where an improvement can be made. However, if the team involved thinks that a different approach will be more successful, it is essential to develop another different plan that will be more successful than the first.

Therefore, obesity is a medical problem that should be addressed since it increases the chances of an individual getting other diseases. When an individual has an excessive amount of body fat, he or she can be regarded as obese. Therefore, creating awareness concerning obesity is important because it will help individuals to engage in a good diet and exercise. In America, a high percentage of individuals who have obesity are African-Americans.

Reference

Assari, S. (2018). Family income reduces risk of obesity for white but not black children. Children, 5(6), 73.

Crowfoot, D., & Prasad, V. (2017). Using the plan–do–study–Act (PDSA) cycle to make change in general practice. InnovAiT, 10(7), 425-430.

Stepanikova, I., Baker, E. H., Simoni, Z. R., Zhu, A., Rutland, S. B., Sims, M., & Wilkinson, L. L. (2017). The role of perceived discrimination in obesity among African Americans. American journal of preventive medicine, 52(1), S77-S85.

See graded rubric for additional feedback

I enjoyed reading your theoretical framework paper. It followed the assignment key elements.

You appropriately identified 2 independent theories or conceptual models that relate to your change project topic and describe how they will be applied  You  presented evidence of the use of the PDSA Cycle that includes a description of the study, study design, rationale, and inclusion of sampling you will be using. Your paper is well organized with good use of headings and sub headings.  Does follow APA formatting.  Missing conclusion/summary.

Dr. Wyrick

5% per day late penalty applied