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2/6/2019

College Navigator – University of the District of Columbia

https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?s=DC&l=93+94&pg=1&id=131399#admsns 1/4

View on Google Maps

IPEDS ID: 131399

OPE ID: 00144100

Carnegie Classification
Master’s Colleges & Universities: Small

Programs

Religious Affiliation
Not applicable

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
3% or less

Other Characteristics
Historically Black College or University

General information: (202) 274-5000
Website: www.udc.edu
Type: 4-year, Public
Awards offered: Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s degree
Postbaccalaureate certificate

Master’s degree
Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: No
Student population: 4,247 (3,859 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 10 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.udc.edu/admissions/
Apply Online www.udc.edu/apply/
Financial Aid www.udc.edu/admissions/financial-aid/
Net Price Calculator

www.udc.edu/custom/cost_calculator/npcalc.htm

Tuition Policies for Servicemembers and Veterans www.udc.edu/military/
Disability Services www.udc.edu/drc/

Mission Statement
www.udc.edu/welcome/mission.htm

Special Learning Opportunities
ROTC (Army, Air Force)

Teacher certification
Distance education – undergraduate courses offered, programs not offered

Distance education – graduate courses offered, programs not offered

Student Services
Remedial services

Academic/career counseling service
Employment services for students

Placement services for completers
On-campus day care for students’ children

Credit Accepted
Dual credit

Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 217 428

Instructional 205 425

Research and public service 12 3

Total graduate assistants – 34

Instructional – 31

Research – 3

TUITION, FEES, AND ESTIMATED STUDENT EXPENSES

ESTIMATED EXPENSES FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.

ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR

2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Tuition and fees

In-state $5,189 $5,251 $5,612 $5,756 2.6%

Out-of-state $11,104 $11,233 $11,756 $12,092 2.9%

Books and supplies $1,200 $995 $1,280 $1,280 0.0%

Living
arrangement

Off Campus

Room and board $15,630 $15,027 $16,425 $16,425 0.0%

Other $4,727 $4,652 $4,627 $4,727 2.2%

Off Campus with
Family

Other $4,727 $4,652 $4,627 $4,727 2.2%

TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

In-state

Off Campus $26,746 $25,925 $27,944 $28,188 0.9%

University of the District of Columbia
4200 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20008

IES NCES National Center for Education Statistics Search Go

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http://nces.ed.gov/transfer.asp?location=www.udc.edu/custom/cost_calculator/npcalc.htm

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ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Off Campus with
Family $11,116 $10,898 $11,519 $11,763 2.1%

Out-of-state

Off Campus $32,661 $31,907 $34,088 $34,524 1.3%

Off Campus with
Family $17,031 $16,880 $17,663 $18,099 2.5%

MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR

AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

In-state tuition $8,550

In-state fees $860

Out-of-state tuition $16,434

Out-of-state fees $860

ALTERNATIVE TUITION PLANS

TYPE OF PLAN OFFERED

Tuition guarantee plan

Prepaid tuition plan

Tuition payment plan X

Other alternative tuition plan

FINANCIAL AID

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT FINANCIAL AID, 2016-2017

Full-time Beginning Undergraduate Students
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.

TYPE OF AID NUMBER RECEIVINGAID
PERCENT RECEIVING

AID
TOTAL AMOUNT OF

AID RECEIVED
AVERAGE AMOUNT

OF AID RECEIVED

Any student financial
aid1

199 83% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 166 69% $1,470,061 $8,856

Federal grants 135 56% $735,566 $5,449

Pell grants 135 56% $669,533 $4,960

Other federal grants 49 20% $66,033 $1,348

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

9 4% $17,961 $1,996

Institutional grants or
scholarships 65 27% $716,534 $11,024

Student loan aid 97 40% $513,479 $5,294

Federal student loans 97 40% $513,479 $5,294

Other student loans 0 0% $0 —

1 Includes students receiving Federal work study aid and aid from other sources not listed above.

All Undergraduate Students

TYPE OF AID NUMBER RECEIVINGAID
PERCENT RECEIVING
AID
TOTAL AMOUNT OF
AID RECEIVED
AVERAGE AMOUNT
OF AID RECEIVED

Grant or scholarship
aid1

2,164 55% $13,026,346 $6,020

Pell grants 1,860 47% $8,944,467 $4,809

Federal student loans 1,631 41% $12,385,874 $7,594

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

For more information on Student Financial Assistance Programs or to apply for financial aid via the web, visit Federal Student Aid.

NET PRICE

AVERAGE NET PRICE FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING STUDENTS

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who paid the in-state or in-district tuition rate and were awarded grant or
scholarship aid from federal, state or local governments, or the institution.

2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

Average net price $17,614 $15,153 $16,741

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who paid the in-state or in-district tuition rate and were awarded Title IV aid by
income.

Estimate the total tuition and fee costs over the duration of a typical program.

IES NCES National Center for Education Statistics Search Go

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https://nces.ed.gov/

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Visit this institution’s net price calculator

AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$0 – $30,000 $17,527 $14,730 $16,989

$30,001 – $48,000 $18,157 $15,829 $18,125

$48,001 – $75,000 $19,822 $17,282 $18,219

$75,001 – $110,000 $22,785 $20,341 $23,938

$110,001 and more $21,183 $20,714 $15,764

Title IV aid to students includes grant aid, work study aid, and loan aid. These include: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG), National Science and Mathematics Access to
Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant), Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant,
Federal Work-Study, Federal Perkins Loan, Subsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford Loan, and Unsubsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford
Loan. For those Title IV recipients, net price is reported by income category and includes students who received federal aid even

if none of that aid was provided in the form of grants. While Title IV status defines the cohort of student for which the data are
reported, the definition of net price remains the same – total cost of attendance minus grant aid.

NET PRICE CALCULATOR
An institution’s net price calculator allows current and prospective students, families, and other consumers to estimate the net price of
attending that institution for a particular student.

www.udc.edu/custom/cost_calculator/npcalc.htm

ENROLLMENT

FALL 2017

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 4,247

Undergraduate enrollment 3,859

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 299

Graduate enrollment 388

UNDER

GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT GENDER

UNDERGRADUATE RACE/ETHNICITY

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT AGE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT RESIDENCE

Residence data are reported for first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates, Fall 2016.

GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS

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GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS

UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS

ADMISSIONS

Undergraduate application fee (2017-2018): $35

This institution has an open admission policy. Contact the institution for more information.

RETENTION AND GRADUATION RATES

OUTCOME MEASURES

PROGRAMS/MAJORS

SERVICEMEMBERS AND VETERANS

VARSITY ATHLETIC TEAMS

ACCREDITATION

CAMPUS SECURITY

COHORT DEFAULT RATES

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2/6/2019 University of the District of Columbia –

College

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University of the District of Columbia
Print More Information

Information
Institution Name:

University of the District of Columbia
Institution Type:

College

Address:
4200 Connecticut Ave

NW
Washington, DC 20008

General information:
(202) 274-5000

Financial aid office:
www.udc.edu/admissions/financial-

aid/
Admissions office:

www.udc.edu/admissions/

IPEDS ID:
131399

Characteristics
Description: Public, 4-year or above

Certificates offered: Postbaccalaureate

Degrees offered: Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 4,247
Undergraduate enrollment: 3,859

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 42.6%
Women: 57.4%
by race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaskan Native: 0.2%
Asian: 1.9%
Black or African American: 59.4%
Hispanic/Latino: 11.4%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander: 0.1%
White: 4.5%
Two or more races: 2.1%
Race/ethnicity unknown: 8.9%
Non-resident alien: 11.5%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)

Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees
In-state $5,756 $5,612 $5,251

Out-of-state $12,092 $11,756 $11,233
Books and supplies $1,280 $1,280 $995
Off-campus
Room and board $16,425 $16,425 $15,027
Other expenses $4,727 $4,627 $4,652
Off-campus with family
Other expenses $4,727 $4,627 $4,652

(Source: IPEDS College data 2017-2018)

National Center for Education Statistics
Institute of Education Sciences

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2/6/2019

College Navigator – Howard University

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IPEDS ID: 131520

OPE ID: 00144800

Carnegie Classification
Doctoral Universities: Higher Research Activity

Religious Affiliation
Not applicable

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
3% or less

Other Characteristics
Historically Black College or University

General information: (202) 806-6100
Website: www.howard.edu
Type: 4-year, Private not-for-profit
Awards offered: Two but less than 4 years certificate

Bachelor’s degree
Postbaccalaureate certificate

Master’s degree
Post-master’s certificate

Doctor’s degree – research/scholarship
Doctor’s degree – professional practice

Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: Yes
Student population: 9,392 (6,354 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 8 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.howard.edu/enrollment/admission/
Apply Online www.howard.edu/enrollment/admission
Financial Aid www.howard.edu/financialaid/default.htm
Net Price Calculator

www.howard.edu/financialaid/netprice/npcalc.htm

Tuition Policies for Servicemembers and Veterans www.howard.edu
Disability Services www.howard.edu/specialstudentservices/DisabledStudents.htm
Athletic Graduation Rates www.howard.edu

Mission Statement
Howard University, a culturally diverse, comprehensive, research intensive and historically Black private university, provides an
educational experience of exceptional quality at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels to students of high academic
standing and potential, with particular emphasis upon educational opportunities for Black students. Moreover, the University is
dedicated to attracting and sustaining a cadre of faculty who are, through their teaching, research and service, committed to the
development of distinguished, historically aware, and compassionate graduates and to the discovery of solutions to human problems
in the United States and throughout the world. With an abiding interest in both domestic and international affairs, the University is
committed to continuing to produce leaders for America and the global community.

Special Learning Opportunities
ROTC (Army, Air Force)
Teacher certification
Distance education – undergraduate courses offered, programs not offered

Distance education – graduate programs offered
Study abroad

Student Services
Remedial services

Academic/career counseling service
Employment services for students

Placement services for completers

Credit Accepted
Dual credit
Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 1,199 284

Instructional 961 275

Research and public service 238 9

Total graduate assistants – 27

Instructional – 0

Research – 27

TUITION, FEES, AND ESTIMATED STUDENT EXPENSES
ESTIMATED EXPENSES FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Tuition and fees $23,970 $23,970 $24,908 $25,697 3.2%

Books and supplies $3,000 $3,000 $1,500 $1,500 0.0%

Living
arrangement

On Campus

Room and board $13,646 $13,646 $13,280 $13,504 1.7%

Other $2,500 $2,500 $1,800 $2,500 38.9%

TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

On Campus $43,116 $43,116 $41,488 $43,201 4.1%

Howard University
2400 Sixth St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20059-0001

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MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR
AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Tuition $31,309

Fees $1,575

ALTERNATIVE TUITION PLANS
TYPE OF PLAN OFFERED
Tuition guarantee plan
Prepaid tuition plan
Tuition payment plan X
Other alternative tuition plan
FINANCIAL AID
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT FINANCIAL AID, 2016-2017
Full-time Beginning Undergraduate Students
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
TYPE OF AID NUMBER RECEIVINGAID
PERCENT RECEIVING
AID
TOTAL AMOUNT OF
AID RECEIVED
AVERAGE AMOUNT
OF AID RECEIVED
Any student financial
aid1

801 89% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 690 77% $14,094,587 $20,427

Federal grants 432 48% $2,148,864 $4,974

Pell grants 422 47% $1,980,330 $4,693

Other federal grants 43 5% $168,534 $3,919

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

28 3% $30,022 $1,072

Institutional grants or
scholarships 550 61% $11,915,701 $21,665

Student loan aid 531 59% $4,142,034 $7,800

Federal student loans 495 55% $3,156,958 $6,378

Other student loans 45 5% $985,076 $21,891

1 Includes students receiving Federal work study aid and aid from other sources not listed above.
All Undergraduate Students
TYPE OF AID NUMBER RECEIVINGAID
PERCENT RECEIVING
AID
TOTAL AMOUNT OF
AID RECEIVED
AVERAGE AMOUNT
OF AID RECEIVED
Grant or scholarship
aid1

4,070 69% $69,129,923 $16,985

Pell grants 2,730 46% $13,293,231 $4,869

Federal student loans 3,022 51% $19,089,207 $6,317

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

For more information on Student Financial Assistance Programs or to apply for financial aid via the web, visit Federal Student Aid.
NET PRICE
AVERAGE NET PRICE FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING STUDENTS

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded grant or scholarship aid from federal, state or local
governments, or the institution.

2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

Average net price $20,429 $22,712 $21,061

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded Title IV aid by income.

AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$0 – $30,000 $23,182 $22,272 $22,956

$30,001 – $48,000 $25,781 $27,928 $24,584

$48,001 – $75,000 $26,584 $28,888 $26,156

$75,001 – $110,000 $27,820 $26,759 $26,300

$110,001 and more $21,065 $16,612 $17,437

Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.

Estimate the total tuition and fee costs over the duration of a typical program.

http://studentaid.ed.gov/

2/6/2019 College Navigator – Howard University

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Visit this institution’s net price calculator
Title IV aid to students includes grant aid, work study aid, and loan aid. These include: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG), National Science and Mathematics Access to
Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant), Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant,
Federal Work-Study, Federal Perkins Loan, Subsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford Loan, and Unsubsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford
Loan. For those Title IV recipients, net price is reported by income category and includes students who received federal aid even
if none of that aid was provided in the form of grants. While Title IV status defines the cohort of student for which the data are
reported, the definition of net price remains the same – total cost of attendance minus grant aid.
NET PRICE CALCULATOR
An institution’s net price calculator allows current and prospective students, families, and other consumers to estimate the net price of
attending that institution for a particular student.
www.howard.edu/financialaid/netprice/npcalc.htm
ENROLLMENT
FALL 2017

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 9,392

Undergraduate enrollment 6,354

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 229

Graduate enrollment 3,038

UNDERGRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT GENDER

UNDERGRADUATE RACE/ETHNICITY
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT AGE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT RESIDENCE
Residence data are reported for first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates, Fall 2016.
GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS

UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS

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UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS
ADMISSIONS

Undergraduate application fee (2017-2018): $45

UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FALL 2017

TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Number of applicants 16,815 5,046 11,769

Percent admitted 41% 38% 43%

Percent admitted who enrolled 30% 29% 30%

ADMISSIONS CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED RECOMMENDED CONSIDERED BUTNOT REQUIRED

Secondary school GPA X

Secondary school rank X

Secondary school record X

Completion of college-preparatory program X

Recommendations X

Formal demonstration of competencies X

Admission test scores (SAT/ACT) X

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign language) X

TEST SCORES: FALL 2017 (ENROLLED FIRST-TIME STUDENTS)

STUDENTS SUBMITTING SCORES NUMBER PERCENT

SAT 1,358 65%

ACT 1,012 49%

TEST SCORES 25TH PERCENTILE* 75TH PERCENTILE**

NOTES:
* 25% of students scored at or below

** 25% of students scored above

Data apply to first-time degree/certificate-seeking students.
Institutions are asked to report test scores only if they are required for admission.

SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 550 650

SAT Math 540 640

ACT Composite 22 28

ACT English 22 30

ACT Math 21 27

RETENTION AND GRADUATION RATES
OUTCOME MEASURES
PROGRAMS/MAJORS
SERVICEMEMBERS AND VETERANS
VARSITY ATHLETIC TEAMS
ACCREDITATION
CAMPUS SECURITY
COHORT DEFAULT RATES
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2/6/2019 College Navigator – Howard University

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Howard University – College

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Howard University
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Information
Institution Name:

Howard University
Institution Type:

College

Address:
2400 Sixth St NW

Washington,
DC 20059

General information:
(202) 806-6100

Financial aid office:
www.howard.edu/financialaid/default.htm

Admissions office:
www.howard.edu/enrollment/admission/

IPEDS ID:
131520

Characteristics
Description: Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above

Certificates offered: Two but less than four years,
Postbaccalaureate, Post-master’s

Degrees offered: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s-
research/scholarship, Doctor’s-professional
practice

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 9,392
Undergraduate enrollment: 6,354

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 31.2%
Women: 68.8%
by race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaskan Native: 0.1%
Asian: 0.9%
Black or African American: 89.4%
Hispanic/Latino: 0.7%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander: 0.3%
White: 1.5%
Non-resident alien: 7.1%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)
Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees $25,697 $24,908 $23,970
Books and supplies $1,500 $1,500 $3,000
On-campus
Room and board $13,504 $13,280 $13,646
Other expenses $2,500 $1,800 $2,500

(Source: IPEDS College data 2017-2018)

National Center for Education Statistics
Institute of Education Sciences

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College Navigator – Trinity Washington University

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IPEDS ID: 131876

OPE ID: 00146000

Carnegie Classification
Master’s Colleges & Universities: Larger Programs

Religious Affiliation
Roman Catholic

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
5%

Other Characteristics
Single-sex: Women

General information: (202) 884-9050
Website: www.trinitydc.edu
Type: 4-year, Private not-for-profit
Awards offered: Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s degree
Master’s degree

Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: Yes
Student population: 1,964 (1,534 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 11 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.trinitydc.edu/admissions/
Apply Online www.trinitydc.edu/admissions/
Financial Aid www.trinitydc.edu/enrollment/
Net Price Calculator

www.trinitydc.edu/enrollment/net-price-calculator/

Tuition Policies for Servicemembers and Veterans www.trinitydc.edu/enrollment/veteran-services/
Disability Services www.trinitydc.edu/disability/

Mission Statement
www.trinitydc.edu/mission/

Special Learning Opportunities
Teacher certification

Distance education – undergraduate courses offered, programs not offered
Distance education – graduate courses offered, programs not offered

Weekend/evening college

Student Services
Remedial services
Academic/career counseling service
Employment services for students
Placement services for completers

Credit Accepted
Dual credit

Credit for life experiences
Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 67 185

Instructional 67 185

Research and public service 0 0

Total graduate assistants – 0

Instructional – 0

Research – 0

Tuition and fees $22,316 $22,780 $23,250 $23,690 1.9%

Books and supplies $1,040 $1,040 $1,040 $1,040 0.0%

Living
arrangement
On Campus

Room and board $9,840 $10,080 $10,334 $10,490 1.5%

Other $2,140 $2,140 $2,140 $2,140 0.0%

Off Campus

Room and board $11,440 $11,440 $11,440 $11,440 0.0%

Other $2,660 $2,660 $2,660 $2,660 0.0%

Off Campus with
Family
Other $2,660 $2,660 $2,660 $2,660 0.0%
TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

On Campus $35,336 $36,040 $36,764 $37,360 1.6%

Trinity Washington University
125 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20017-1094

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ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Off Campus $37,456 $37,920 $38,390 $38,830 1.1%

Off Campus with
Family $26,016 $26,480 $26,950 $27,390 1.6%

MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR
AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Tuition $13,680

Fees $0

221 100% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 221 100% $3,296,440 $14,916

Federal grants 175 79% $849,666 $4,855

Pell grants 175 79% $824,166 $4,710

Other federal grants 12 5% $25,500 $2,125

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

82 37% $306,760 $3,741

Institutional grants or
scholarships 217 98% $2,140,014 $9,862

Student loan aid 156 70% $876,482 $5,618

Federal student loans 155 70% $857,650 $5,533

Other student loans (*) 1% (*) (*)

1 Includes students receiving Federal work study aid and aid from other sources not listed above.
(*) Number receiving aid and total and average amounts of aid received are withheld to preserve the privacy of individuals.

All Undergraduate Students
TYPE OF AID NUMBER RECEIVINGAID
PERCENT RECEIVING
AID
TOTAL AMOUNT OF
AID RECEIVED
AVERAGE AMOUNT
OF AID RECEIVED
Grant or scholarship
aid1

1,359 88% $18,133,724 $13,343

Pell grants 1,077 70% $4,572,836 $4,246

Federal student loans 1,145 74% $8,434,832 $7,367

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

For more information on Student Financial Assistance Programs or to apply for financial aid via the web, visit Federal Student Aid.
NET PRICE
AVERAGE NET PRICE FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING STUDENTS
Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded grant or scholarship aid from federal, state or local
governments, or the institution.
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

Average net price $15,852 $16,113 $16,948

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded Title IV aid by income.
AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$0 – $30,000 $14,776 $15,401 $16,068

$30,001 – $48,000 $15,950 $15,157 $16,282

Estimate the total tuition and fee costs over the duration of a typical program.
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AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$48,001 – $75,000 $17,549 $17,120 $17,715

$75,001 – $110,000 $21,076 $21,629 $19,317

$110,001 and more $22,413 $22,993 $21,452

Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
Title IV aid to students includes grant aid, work study aid, and loan aid. These include: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG), National Science and Mathematics Access to
Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant), Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant,
Federal Work-Study, Federal Perkins Loan, Subsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford Loan, and Unsubsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford
Loan. For those Title IV recipients, net price is reported by income category and includes students who received federal aid even
if none of that aid was provided in the form of grants. While Title IV status defines the cohort of student for which the data are
reported, the definition of net price remains the same – total cost of attendance minus grant aid.

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 1,964

Undergraduate enrollment 1,534

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 166

Graduate enrollment 430

UNDERGRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT GENDER
UNDERGRADUATE RACE/ETHNICITY
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT AGE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT RESIDENCE
Residence data are reported for first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates, Fall 2016.
GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS
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GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS
UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS
ADMISSIONS
UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FALL 2017
TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Number of applicants 725 10 715

Percent admitted 92% 90% 92%

Percent admitted who enrolled 40% 33% 40%

ADMISSIONS CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED RECOMMENDED CONSIDERED BUTNOT REQUIRED
Secondary school GPA X
Secondary school record X
Completion of college-preparatory program X
Recommendations X
Admission test scores (SAT/ACT) X
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign language) X
RETENTION AND GRADUATION RATES
OUTCOME MEASURES
PROGRAMS/MAJORS
SERVICEMEMBERS AND VETERANS
VARSITY ATHLETIC TEAMS
ACCREDITATION
CAMPUS SECURITY
COHORT DEFAULT RATES
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2/6/2019

Trinity Washington University – College

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Trinity Washington University
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Information
Institution Name:

Trinity Washington University
Institution Type:

College

Address:
125 Michigan Ave NE

Washington, DC 20017

General information:
(202) 884-9050

Financial aid office:
www.trinitydc.edu/enrollment/

Admissions office:
www.trinitydc.edu/admissions/

IPEDS ID:
131876

Characteristics
Description: Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above
Degrees offered: Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 1,964
Undergraduate enrollment: 1,534

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 3.9%
Women: 96.1%
by race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaskan Native: 0.3%
Asian: 0.9%
Black or African American: 58.2%
Hispanic/Latino: 24.9%
White: 1.8%
Two or more races: 1.6%
Race/ethnicity unknown: 11.9%
Non-resident alien: 0.5%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)
Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees $23,690 $23,250 $22,780
Books and supplies $1,040 $1,040 $1,040
On-campus
Room and board $10,490 $10,334 $10,080
Other expenses $2,140 $2,140 $2,140
Off-campus
Room and board $11,440 $11,440 $11,440
Other expenses $2,660 $2,660 $2,660
Off-campus with family
Other expenses $2,660 $2,660 $2,660

(Source: IPEDS College data 2017-2018)

National Center for Education Statistics
Institute of Education Sciences

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2/6/2019

College Navigator – Gallaudet University

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IPEDS ID: 131450

OPE ID: 00144300

Carnegie Classification
Master’s Colleges & Universities: Medium Programs

Religious Affiliation
Not applicable

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
14%

General information: (202) 651-5000
Website: www.gallaudet.edu
Type: 4-year, Private not-for-profit
Awards offered: One but less than two years certificate

Bachelor’s degree
Postbaccalaureate certificate
Master’s degree
Post-master’s certificate

Doctor’s degree – research/scholarship
Doctor’s degree – other

Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: Yes
Student population: 1,578 (1,129 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 7 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.gallaudet.edu/undergraduate-admissions
Apply Online www.gallaudet.edu/undergraduate-admissions/im-ready-to-apply
Financial Aid www.gallaudet.edu/financial-aid
Net Price Calculator

www.gallaudet.edu/merit-based-scholarship-awards/net-price-calculator

Disability Services www.gallaudet.edu/office-for-students-with-disabilities

Mission Statement
www.gallaudet.edu/academic-catalog/about-gallaudet/mission-and-goals

Special Learning Opportunities
Teacher certification

Distance education – undergraduate programs offered
Distance education – graduate programs offered

Study abroad

Student Services
Remedial services
Academic/career counseling service
Employment services for students
Placement services for completers

Credit Accepted
Dual credit
Credit for life experiences
Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 201 0

Instructional 189 0

Research and public service 12 0

Total graduate assistants – 3

Instructional – 0
Research – 3
TUITION, FEES, AND ESTIMATED STUDENT EXPENSES
ESTIMATED EXPENSES FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Tuition and fees $15,024 $15,604 $16,078 $16,558 3.0%

Books and supplies $1,600 $1,600 $1,600 $1,600 0.0%

Living
arrangement
On Campus

Room and board $12,362 $12,630 $13,040 $13,530 3.8%

Other $5,312 $5,454 $5,500 $5,500 0.0%

Off Campus
Room and board $12,362 $12,630 $13,040 $13,530 3.8%
Other $5,312 $5,454 $5,500 $5,500 0.0%
Off Campus with
Family

Other $4,826 $4,826 $5,500 $5,500 0.0%

TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Gallaudet University
800 Florida Ave, NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20002-3695

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ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

On Campus $34,298 $35,288 $36,218 $37,188 2.7%

Off Campus $34,298 $35,288 $36,218 $37,188 2.7%

Off Campus with
Family $21,450 $22,030 $23,178 $23,658 2.1%

MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR
AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Tuition $17,640

Fees $526

ALTERNATIVE TUITION PLANS

No alternative tuition plans are offered by this institution.

FINANCIAL AID
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT FINANCIAL AID, 2016-2017
Full-time Beginning Undergraduate Students
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
TYPE OF AID NUMBER RECEIVINGAID
PERCENT RECEIVING
AID
TOTAL AMOUNT OF
AID RECEIVED
AVERAGE AMOUNT
OF AID RECEIVED
Any student financial
aid1

196 80% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 196 80% $4,105,764 $20,948

Federal grants 121 49% $566,366 $4,681

Pell grants 121 49% $554,666 $4,584

Other federal grants 63 26% $11,700 $186

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

143 58% $2,289,199 $16,008

Institutional grants or
scholarships 190 78% $1,250,199 $6,580

Student loan aid 71 29% $392,368 $5,526

Federal student loans 69 28% $296,260 $4,294

Other student loans 6 2% $96,108 $16,018

985 88% $19,897,756 $20,201

Pell grants 627 56% $2,998,963 $4,783

Federal student loans 447 40% $2,967,361 $6,638

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

Average net price $15,196 $13,597 $15,270

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded Title IV aid by income.
AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$0 – $30,000 $12,623 $17,190 $11,077

$30,001 – $48,000 $12,326 $20,449 $13,387

$48,001 – $75,000 $15,487 $21,552 $17,284

$75,001 – $110,000 $19,176 $22,936 $7,876

$110,001 and more $22,985 $21,542 $28,311

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Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
Title IV aid to students includes grant aid, work study aid, and loan aid. These include: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG), National Science and Mathematics Access to
Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant), Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant,
Federal Work-Study, Federal Perkins Loan, Subsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford Loan, and Unsubsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford
Loan. For those Title IV recipients, net price is reported by income category and includes students who received federal aid even
if none of that aid was provided in the form of grants. While Title IV status defines the cohort of student for which the data are
reported, the definition of net price remains the same – total cost of attendance minus grant aid.
NET PRICE CALCULATOR
An institution’s net price calculator allows current and prospective students, families, and other consumers to estimate the net price of
attending that institution for a particular student.
www.gallaudet.edu/merit-based-scholarship-awards/net-price-calculator
ENROLLMENT
FALL 2017

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 1,578

Undergraduate enrollment 1,129

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 99

Graduate enrollment 449

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UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUSUNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS

ADMISSIONS

Undergraduate application fee (2017-2018): $50

UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FALL 2017
TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Number of applicants 583 256 327

Percent admitted 59% 57% 61%

Percent admitted who enrolled 72% 68% 74%

ADMISSIONS CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED RECOMMENDED CONSIDERED BUTNOT REQUIRED
Secondary school GPA X
Secondary school record X
Completion of college-preparatory program X
Recommendations X
Admission test scores (SAT/ACT) X
TEST SCORES: FALL 2017 (ENROLLED FIRST-TIME STUDENTS)
STUDENTS SUBMITTING SCORES NUMBER PERCENT

SAT 35 14%

ACT 225 91%

TEST SCORES 25TH PERCENTILE* 75TH PERCENTILE**
NOTES:
* 25% of students scored at or below
** 25% of students scored above
Data apply to first-time degree/certificate-seeking students.
Institutions are asked to report test scores only if they are required for admission.

SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 380 565

SAT Math 425 545

ACT Composite 15 19

ACT English 15 19

ACT Math 12 17

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Gallaudet University – College

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Gallaudet University
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Information
Institution Name:

Gallaudet University
Institution Type:

College

Address:
800 Florida Ave, NE

Washington, DC 20002

General information:
(202) 651-5000

Financial aid office:
www.gallaudet.edu/financial-aid

Admissions office:
www.gallaudet.edu/undergraduate-

admissions

IPEDS ID:
131450

Characteristics
Description: Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above

Certificates offered: One but less than two years,
Postbaccalaureate, Post-master’s

Degrees offered: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s-
research/scholarship, Doctor’s-other

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 1,578
Undergraduate enrollment: 1,129

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 43.6%
Women: 56.4%
by race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaskan Native: 0.7%
Asian: 4.2%
Black or African American: 16.0%
Hispanic/Latino: 8.9%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander: 0.7%
White: 51.3%
Two or more races: 4.4%
Race/ethnicity unknown: 8.3%
Non-resident alien: 5.5%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)
Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees $16,558 $16,078 $15,604
Books and supplies $1,600 $1,600 $1,600
On-campus
Room and board $13,530 $13,040 $12,630
Other expenses $5,500 $5,500 $5,454
Off-campus
Room and board $13,530 $13,040 $12,630
Other expenses $5,500 $5,500 $5,454
Off-campus with family
Other expenses $5,500 $5,500 $4,826

(Source: IPEDS College data 2017-2018)

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2/6/2019

American University

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American University
Print More Information

Information
Institution Name:

American University
Institution Type:

College

Address:
4400 Massachusetts Ave

NW
Washington, DC 20016

General information:
(202) 885-1000

Financial aid office:
www.american.edu/financialaid/

Admissions office:
www.american.edu/admissions/

IPEDS ID:
131159

Characteristics
Description: Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above

Certificates offered: Less-than one year, One but less than two
years, Postbaccalaureate

Degrees offered: Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s-
research/scholarship, Doctor’s-professional
practice

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 13,858
Undergraduate enrollment: 8,123

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 38.1%
Women: 61.9%
by race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaskan Native: 0.1%
Asian: 7.0%
Black or African American: 6.8%
Hispanic/Latino: 12.8%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander: 0.0%
White: 54.2%
Two or more races: 4.3%
Race/ethnicity unknown: 3.7%
Non-resident alien: 11.0%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)
Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees $46,615 $44,853 $43,103
Books and supplies $800 $800 $800
On-campus
Room and board $15,898 $15,698 $15,502
Other expenses $921 $921 $1,181
Off-campus
Room and board $15,898 $15,698 $15,502
Other expenses $921 $921 $1,181
Off-campus with family
Other expenses $1,621 $1,621 $1,881

(Source: IPEDS College data 2017-2018)

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IPEDS ID: 131159

OPE ID: 00143400

Carnegie Classification
Doctoral Universities: Higher Research Activity

Religious Affiliation
United Methodist

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
9% View note

General information: (202) 885-1000
Website: www.american.edu
Type: 4-year, Private not-for-profit
Awards offered: Less than one year certificate

One but less than two years certificate
Associate’s degree

Bachelor’s degree
Postbaccalaureate certificate

Master’s degree
Doctor’s degree – research/scholarship

Doctor’s degree – professional practice
Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: Yes
Student population: 13,858 (8,123 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 11 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.american.edu/admissions/
Apply Online www.american.edu/admissions/apply/index.cfm
Financial Aid www.american.edu/financialaid/
Net Price Calculator

www.american.edu/financialaid/Net-Price-Calculator-Form.cfm

Tuition Policies for Servicemembers and Veterans www.american.edu/financialaid/veteransbenefits.cfm
Disability Services www.american.edu/ocl/asac/
Athletic Graduation Rates www.american.edu/policies/Consumer-Information.cfm

Mission Statement
www.american.edu/about/mission.cfm

Special Learning Opportunities
ROTC (Army, Air Force)

Teacher certification
Distance education – undergraduate programs offered

Distance education – graduate programs offered
Study abroad
Weekend/evening college

Student Services
Remedial services
Academic/career counseling service
Employment services for students

On-campus day care for students’ children

Credit Accepted
Dual credit
Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 833 666

Instructional 809 666

Research and public service 24 0

Total graduate assistants – 551

Instructional – 551

Research – 0
TUITION, FEES, AND ESTIMATED STUDENT EXPENSES
ESTIMATED EXPENSES FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Tuition and fees $41,833 $43,103 $44,853 $46,615 3.9%

Books and supplies $800 $800 $800 $800 0.0%

Living
arrangement
On Campus

Room and board $15,308 $15,502 $15,698 $15,898 1.3%

Other $1,179 $1,181 $921 $921 0.0%

Off Campus
Room and board $15,308 $15,502 $15,698 $15,898 1.3%
Other $1,179 $1,181 $921 $921 0.0%
Off Campus with
Family

Other $1,879 $1,881 $1,621 $1,621 0.0%

American University
4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20016-8001

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ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018
TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

On Campus $59,120 $60,586 $62,272 $64,234 3.2%

Off Campus $59,120 $60,586 $62,272 $64,234 3.2%

Off Campus with
Family $44,512 $45,784 $47,274 $49,036 3.7%

MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR
AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Tuition $29,556

Fees $690

The majority of undergraduates choose AU’s 175C Block meals which includes 175 meals, $200 in Eaglebucks and $200 Dining
Dollars. The cost for AY2017-2018 is $4804. For more information please visit: http://www.american.edu/ocl/dining/index.cfm

ALTERNATIVE TUITION PLANS
TYPE OF PLAN OFFERED
Tuition guarantee plan

Prepaid tuition plan X

Tuition payment plan X
Other alternative tuition plan

Fore more information on tuition please visit: http://www.american.edu/finance/studentaccounts/Tuition-and-Fees-Information.cfm

1,322 79% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 1,059 63% $31,147,059 $29,412

Federal grants 311 19% $1,391,264 $4,474

Pell grants 311 19% $1,383,264 $4,448

Other federal grants 4 0% $8,000 $2,000

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

32 2% $25,872 $809

Institutional grants or
scholarships 1,041 62% $29,729,923 $28,559

Student loan aid 933 56% $7,813,474 $8,375

Federal student loans 924 55% $5,167,572 $5,593

Other student loans 111 7% $2,645,902 $23,837

4,325 55% $112,235,883 $25,950

Pell grants 1,205 15% $5,312,649 $4,409

Federal student loans 3,594 46% $23,826,018 $6,629

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

Average net price $34,812 $31,758 $32,732

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded Title IV aid by income.
Estimate the total tuition and fee costs over the duration of a typical program.
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AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$0 – $30,000 $27,341 $22,681 $22,537

$30,001 – $48,000 $25,337 $22,447 $22,651

$48,001 – $75,000 $29,622 $26,394 $26,770

$75,001 – $110,000 $32,477 $31,632 $33,355

$110,001 and more $45,529 $46,282 $47,453

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 13,858

Undergraduate enrollment 8,123

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 175

Graduate enrollment 5,735

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GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS
UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS
ADMISSIONS

Undergraduate application fee (2017-2018): $70

UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FALL 2017
TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Number of applicants 18,699 6,932 11,767

Percent admitted 29% 28% 30%

Percent admitted who enrolled 32% 34% 32%

ADMISSIONS CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED RECOMMENDED CONSIDERED BUTNOT REQUIRED
Secondary school GPA X
Secondary school record X
Completion of college-preparatory program X
Recommendations X
Formal demonstration of competencies X
Admission test scores (SAT/ACT) X
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign language) X
TEST SCORES: FALL 2017 (ENROLLED FIRST-TIME STUDENTS)
STUDENTS SUBMITTING SCORES NUMBER PERCENT

SAT 881 49%

ACT 693 39%

SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 610 690

SAT Math 570 660

ACT Composite 26 30

ACT English 26 33

ACT Math 24 28

Students graduating from a secondary school within the United States who do not wish to submit standardized test scores as a
part of their application may do so provided they choose the “No, do not consider my SAT/ACT score for admission to AU” when
responding to the “Preferred testing plan” question on General section of the Common Application or Coalition Application. For
more information on please visit: http://www.american.edu/admissions/testoptional.cfm

RETENTION AND GRADUATION RATES

FIRST-TO-SECOND YEAR RETENTION RATES

Retention rates measure the percentage of first-time students who are seeking bachelor’s degrees who return to the institution to
continue their studies the following fall.

RETENTION RATES FOR FIRST-TIME STUDENTS PURSUING BACHELOR’S DEGREES

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RETENTION RATES FOR FIRST-TIME STUDENTS PURSUING BACHELOR’S DEGREES

Percentage of Students Who Began Their Studies in Fall 2016 and Returned in Fall 2017

OVERALL GRADUATION RATE AND TRANSFER-OUT RATE

The overall graduation rate is also known as the “Student Right to Know” or IPEDS graduation rate. It tracks the progress of students
who began their studies as full-time, first-time degree- or certificate-seeking students to see if they complete a degree or other
award such as a certificate within 150% of “normal time” for completing the program in which they are enrolled.

Some institutions also report a transfer-out rate, which is the percentage of the full-time, first-time students who transferred to another
institution.

Note that not all students at the institution are tracked for these rates. Students who have already attended another postsecondary
institution, or who began their studies on a part-time basis, are not tracked for this rate. At this institution, 74 percent of entering
students were counted as “full-time, first-time” in 2017.

OVERALL GRADUATION AND TRANSFER-OUT RATES FOR STUDENTS WHO BEGAN THEIR STUDIES IN FALL 2011

Percentage of Full-time, First-Time Students Who Graduated or Transferred Out Within 150% of “Normal Time” to
Completion for Their Program

(*) Not all institutions report transfer-out rates.

BACHELOR’S DEGREE GRADUATION RATES

Bachelor’s degree graduation rates measure the percentage of entering students beginning their studies full-time and are planning to
get a bachelor’s degree and who complete their degree program within a specified amount of time.

GRADUATION RATES FOR STUDENTS PURSUING BACHELOR’S DEGREES

Percentage of Full-time, First-time Students Who Graduated in the Specified Amount of Time and Began in Fall 2009 or Fall
2011

6-YEAR GRADUATION RATE BY GENDER FOR STUDENTS PURSUING BACHELOR’S DEGREES

Percentage of Full-time, First-time Students Who Began Their Studies in Fall 2011 and Received a Degree or Award Within
150% of “Normal Time” to Completion for Their Program

6-YEAR GRADUATION RATE BY RACE/ETHNICITY FOR STUDENTS PURSUING BACHELOR’S DEGREES

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6-YEAR GRADUATION RATE BY RACE/ETHNICITY FOR STUDENTS PURSUING BACHELOR’S DEGREES
Percentage of Full-time, First-time Students Who Began Their Studies in Fall 2011 and Received a Degree or Award Within
150% of “Normal Time” to Completion for Their Program
OUTCOME MEASURES
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SERVICEMEMBERS AND VETERANS
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ACCREDITATION
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COHORT DEFAULT RATES
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Catholic University of America – College

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Catholic University of America
Print More Information

Information
Institution Name:

Catholic University of America
Institution Type:

College

Address:
620

Michigan
Avenue, NE

Washington,
DC 20064

General information:
(202) 319-5000

Financial aid office:
https://www.catholic.edu/admission/undergraduate/first-

year-students/financial-aid
Admissions office:

https://www.catholic.edu/admission

IPEDS ID:
131283

Characteristics
Description: Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above

Certificates offered: One but less than two years, Postbaccalaureate,
Post-master’s

Degrees offered: Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s-
research/scholarship, Doctor’s-professional
practice

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 6,023
Undergraduate enrollment: 3,315

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 45.7%
Women: 54.3%
by race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaskan Native: 0.2%
Asian: 3.7%
Black or African American: 4.6%
Hispanic/Latino: 13.2%
White: 64.7%
Two or more races: 4.9%
Race/ethnicity unknown: 2.9%
Non-resident alien: 5.8%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)
Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees $44,060 $42,536 $40,932
Books and supplies $838 $838 $838
On-campus
Room and board $14,316 $13,820 $13,356
Other expenses $3,268 $3,268 $3,268
Off-campus
Room and board $14,316 $13,820 $13,356
Other expenses $3,268 $3,268 $3,268
Off-campus with family
Other expenses $3,268 $3,268 $3,268

(Source: IPEDS College data 2017-2018)

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IPEDS ID: 131283

OPE ID: 00143700

Carnegie Classification
Doctoral Universities: Higher Research Activity

Religious Affiliation
Roman Catholic

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
14%

General information: (202) 319-5000
Website: www.catholic.edu
Type: 4-year, Private not-for-profit
Awards offered: One but less than two years certificate

Associate’s degree
Bachelor’s degree

Postbaccalaureate certificate
Master’s degree

Post-master’s certificate
Doctor’s degree – research/scholarship

Doctor’s degree – professional practice
Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: Yes
Student population: 6,023 (3,315 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 7 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.catholic.edu/admission
Apply Online applyonline.cua.edu/
Financial Aid www.catholic.edu/admission/undergraduate/first-year-students/financial-aid
Net Price Calculator

admissions.cua.edu/undergrad/finaid/NetPriceCalculator/calculator.html

Tuition Policies for Servicemembers and Veterans enrollmentservices.cua.edu/Veterans/index.cfm
Disability Services dss.cua.edu/

Mission Statement
www.catholic.edu/about-us/at-a-glance/index.html

Special Learning Opportunities
ROTC (Army, Navy, Air Force)

Teacher certification
Distance education – undergraduate courses offered, programs not offered
Distance education – graduate programs offered
Study abroad

Student Services
Remedial services
Academic/career counseling service
Employment services for students
Placement services for completers

Credit Accepted
Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 469 365

Instructional 400 355

Research and public service 69 10

Total graduate assistants – 339

Instructional – 191

Research – 148

Tuition and fees $39,726 $40,932 $42,536 $44,060 3.6%

Books and supplies $1,000 $838 $838 $838 0.0%

Living
arrangement
On Campus

Room and board $14,518 $13,356 $13,820 $14,316 3.6%

Other $1,900 $3,268 $3,268 $3,268 0.0%

Off Campus
Room and board $14,518 $13,356 $13,820 $14,316 3.6%
Other $1,900 $3,268 $3,268 $3,268 0.0%
Off Campus with
Family
Other $1,900 $3,268 $3,268 $3,268 0.0%
TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Catholic University of America
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ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

On Campus $57,144 $58,394 $60,462 $62,482 3.3%

Off Campus $57,144 $58,394 $60,462 $62,482 3.3%

Off Campus with
Family $42,626 $45,038 $46,642 $48,166 3.3%

MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR
AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Tuition $44,400

Fees $620

692 96% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 680 94% $16,712,599 $24,577

Federal grants 100 14% $574,734 $5,747

Pell grants 100 14% $448,734 $4,487

Other federal grants 64 9% $126,000 $1,969

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

30 4% $41,232 $1,374

Institutional grants or
scholarships 679 94% $16,096,633 $23,706

Student loan aid 435 60% $3,837,479 $8,822

Federal student loans 431 60% $2,576,091 $5,977

Other student loans 63 9% $1,261,388 $20,022

2,272 70% $60,989,310 $26,844

Pell grants 400 12% $1,702,222 $4,256

Federal student loans 1,735 54% $12,395,410 $7,144

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

Average net price $36,585 $36,009 $35,214

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded Title IV aid by income.
AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$0 – $30,000 $33,078 $32,066 $25,199

$30,001 – $48,000 $30,630 $29,900 $24,279

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AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$48,001 – $75,000 $31,609 $32,876 $25,533

$75,001 – $110,000 $33,587 $32,454 $30,418

$110,001 and more $37,221 $36,729 $37,158

Average net price is generated by subtracting the average amount of federal, state/local government, or institutional grant or
scholarship aid from the total cost of attendance. Total cost of attendance is the sum of published tuition and required fees, books
and supplies, and the weighted average for room and board and other expenses.
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
Title IV aid to students includes grant aid, work study aid, and loan aid. These include: Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental
Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), Academic Competitiveness Grant (ACG), National Science and Mathematics Access to
Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant), Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant,
Federal Work-Study, Federal Perkins Loan, Subsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford Loan, and Unsubsidized Direct or FFEL Stafford
Loan. For those Title IV recipients, net price is reported by income category and includes students who received federal aid even
if none of that aid was provided in the form of grants. While Title IV status defines the cohort of student for which the data are
reported, the definition of net price remains the same – total cost of attendance minus grant aid.
NET PRICE CALCULATOR
An institution’s net price calculator allows current and prospective students, families, and other consumers to estimate the net price of
attending that institution for a particular student.
admissions.cua.edu/undergrad/finaid/NetPriceCalculator/calculator.html
ENROLLMENT
FALL 2017

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 6,023

Undergraduate enrollment 3,315

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 108

Graduate enrollment 2,708

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GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS
UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS
ADMISSIONS

Undergraduate application fee (2017-2018): $55

UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FALL 2017
TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Number of applicants 6,073 2,501 3,572

Percent admitted 83% 80% 85%

Percent admitted who enrolled 17% 18% 16%

ADMISSIONS CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED RECOMMENDED CONSIDERED BUTNOT REQUIRED
Secondary school GPA X
Secondary school rank X
Secondary school record X
Completion of college-preparatory program X
Recommendations X
Formal demonstration of competencies X
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign language) X
RETENTION AND GRADUATION RATES
OUTCOME MEASURES
PROGRAMS/MAJORS
SERVICEMEMBERS AND VETERANS
VARSITY ATHLETIC TEAMS
ACCREDITATION
CAMPUS SECURITY
COHORT DEFAULT RATES
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IPEDS ID: 131469

OPE ID: 00144400

Carnegie Classification
Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity

Religious Affiliation
Not applicable

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
6%

General information: (202) 994-1000
Website: www.gwu.edu
Type: 4-year, Private not-for-profit
Awards offered: One but less than two years certificate

Associate’s degree
Two but less than 4 years certificate

Bachelor’s degree
Postbaccalaureate certificate
Master’s degree
Post-master’s certificate
Doctor’s degree – research/scholarship
Doctor’s degree – professional practice

Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: Yes
Student population: 27,973 (11,999 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 13 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.gwu.edu/admissions-aid
Apply Online undergraduate.admissions.gwu.edu/apply-gw
Financial Aid financialaid.gwu.edu/
Net Price Calculator financialaid.gwu.edu/net-price-calculator
Tuition Policies for Servicemembers and Veterans military.gwu.edu/how-use-yrp-benefits
Disability Services disabilitysupport.gwu.edu
Athletic Graduation Rates irp.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs2501/f/GWU_2016_NCAA_Report

Mission Statement
bulletin.gwu.edu/about-university/#missiontext

Special Learning Opportunities
ROTC (Navy)

Teacher certification
Distance education – undergraduate programs offered
Distance education – graduate programs offered
Study abroad

Student Services
Academic/career counseling service

Employment services for students
Placement services for completers

Credit Accepted
Dual credit
Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 1,273 1,459

Instructional 1,188 1,441

Research and public service 85 18

Total graduate assistants – 775

Instructional – 627

Research – 148
TUITION, FEES, AND ESTIMATED STUDENT EXPENSES
ESTIMATED EXPENSES FOR FULL-TIME BEGINNING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

Tuition and fees $48,760 $50,435 $51,950 $53,518 3.0%

Books and supplies $1,275 $1,275 $1,275 $1,325 3.9%

Living
arrangement
On Campus

Room and board $11,700 $12,050 $12,500 $13,000 4.0%

Other $1,475 $1,500 $1,500 $1,525 1.7%

Off Campus
Room and board $11,700 $12,050 $12,500 $13,000 4.0%

Other $1,875 $1,900 $1,900 $1,525 -19.7%

Off Campus with
Family
Other $1,475 $1,500 $1,500 $1,525 1.7%

George Washington University
2121 I Street, NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052

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ESTIMATED
EXPENSES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR
2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018
TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

On Campus $63,210 $65,260 $67,225 $69,368 3.2%

Off Campus $63,610 $65,660 $67,625 $69,368 2.6%

Off Campus with
Family $51,510 $53,210 $54,725 $56,368 3.0%

MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR
AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Tuition $29,790

Fees $50

ALTERNATIVE TUITION PLANS
TYPE OF PLAN OFFERED

Tuition guarantee plan X

Prepaid tuition plan
Tuition payment plan X
Other alternative tuition plan
FINANCIAL AID
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT FINANCIAL AID, 2016-2017
Full-time Beginning Undergraduate Students
Beginning students are those who are entering postsecondary education for the first time.
TYPE OF AID NUMBER RECEIVINGAID
PERCENT RECEIVING
AID
TOTAL AMOUNT OF
AID RECEIVED
AVERAGE AMOUNT
OF AID RECEIVED
Any student financial
aid1

1,926 77% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 1,882 75% $55,386,207 $29,429

Federal grants 414 16% $2,465,014 $5,954

Pell grants 366 15% $1,701,686 $4,649

Other federal grants 384 15% $763,328 $1,988

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

54 2% $87,122 $1,613

Institutional grants or
scholarships 1,880 75% $52,834,071 $28,103

Student loan aid 1,045 42% $7,573,524 $7,247

Federal student loans 1,039 41% $6,420,526 $6,180

Other student loans 46 2% $1,152,998 $25,065

7,504 65% $206,353,359 $27,499

Pell grants 1,582 14% $6,874,785 $4,346

Federal student loans 4,248 37% $31,737,866 $7,471

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

For more information on Student Financial Assistance Programs or to apply for financial aid via the web, visit Federal Student Aid.
NET PRICE
ENROLLMENT
FALL 2017

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 27,973

Undergraduate enrollment 11,999

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 735

Graduate enrollment 15,974

UNDERGRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT GENDER
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UNDERGRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT GENDER
UNDERGRADUATE RACE/ETHNICITY
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT AGE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT RESIDENCE
Residence data are reported for first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates, Fall 2016.
GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS
UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS
ADMISSIONS

Undergraduate application fee (2017-2018): $75

UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FALL 2017
TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Number of applicants 26,987 10,421 16,566

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TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Percent admitted 41% 39% 43%

Percent admitted who enrolled 24% 23% 24%

SAT 1,197 46%

ACT 1,107 42%

SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 640 720

SAT Math 640 720

ACT Composite 29 32

ACT English 29 34

ACT Math 27 31

GW no longer requires students applying for freshman or transfer admission to submit standardized test scores, except in select
circumstances. The following applicants are required to submit SAT or ACT test scores: Applicants to the Accelerated seven-year
BA/MD program, applicants who are home schooled, applicants applying from secondary schools that provide only narrative
evaluations rather than some form of grading scale, and Recruited NCAA Division I athletes.

RETENTION AND GRADUATION RATES
OUTCOME MEASURES
PROGRAMS/MAJORS
SERVICEMEMBERS AND VETERANS
VARSITY ATHLETIC TEAMS
ACCREDITATION
CAMPUS SECURITY
COHORT DEFAULT RATES
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George Washington University
Print More Information

Information
Institution Name:

George Washington University
Institution Type:

College

Address:
2121 I Street, NW

Washington, DC 20052

General information:
(202) 994-1000

Financial aid office:
https://financialaid.gwu.edu/

Admissions office:
https://www.gwu.edu/admissions-

aid

IPEDS ID:
131469

Characteristics
Description: Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above

Certificates offered: One but less than two years, Two but less
than four years, Postbaccalaureate, Post-
master’s

Degrees offered: Associate’s, Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s-
research/scholarship, Doctor’s-professional
practice

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 27,973
Undergraduate enrollment: 11,999

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 40.4%
Women: 59.6%
by race/ethnicity
American Indian or Alaskan Native: 0.1%
Asian: 10.0%
Black or African American: 6.7%
Hispanic/Latino: 9.8%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander: 0.1%
White: 51.8%
Two or more races: 3.8%
Race/ethnicity unknown: 6.5%
Non-resident alien: 11.2%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)
Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees $53,518 $51,950 $50,435
Books and supplies $1,325 $1,275 $1,275
On-campus
Room and board $13,000 $12,500 $12,050
Other expenses $1,525 $1,500 $1,500
Off-campus
Room and board $13,000 $12,500 $12,050
Other expenses $1,525 $1,900 $1,900
Off-campus with family
Other expenses $1,525 $1,500 $1,500

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IPEDS ID: 131496

OPE ID: 00144500

Carnegie Classification
Doctoral Universities: Highest Research Activity

Religious Affiliation
Roman Catholic

Federal Aid
Eligible students may receive Pell Grants and other
federal aid (e.g. Direct Loans).

Undergraduate students enrolled who are
formally registered with office of disability
services
8% View note

General information: (202) 687-0100
Website: www.georgetown.edu
Type: 4-year, Private not-for-profit
Awards offered: One but less than two years certificate

Bachelor’s degree
Postbaccalaureate certificate
Master’s degree
Doctor’s degree – research/scholarship

Doctor’s degree – professional practice
Campus setting: City: Large
Campus housing: Yes
Student population: 19,005 (7,463 undergraduate)
Student-to-faculty ratio: 11 to 1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Admissions www.georgetown.edu/admissions/index.html
Apply Online www.applyweb.com/public/register?s=gtuf
Financial Aid finaid.georgetown.edu/
Net Price Calculator

finaid.georgetown.edu/consumer-info#Net%20Price

Tuition Policies for Servicemembers and Veterans veterans.georgetown.edu/yellow-ribbon-program
Disability Services academicsupport.georgetown.edu/disability

Mission Statement
college.georgetown.edu/about/mission-statement-and-history

Special Learning Opportunities
ROTC (Army, Navy, Air Force)

Distance education – undergraduate courses offered, programs not offered
Distance education – graduate programs offered

Study abroad
Weekend/evening college

Student Services
Academic/career counseling service
Employment services for students
Placement services for completers

Credit Accepted
Dual credit
Advanced placement (AP) credits

FACULTY AND GRADUATE ASSISTANTS BY PRIMARY FUNCTION, FALL 2017 FULL TIME PART TIME

Total faculty 1,547 1,202

Instructional 1,218 1,173

Research and public service 329 29

Total graduate assistants – 648

Instructional – 321

Research – 327

Tuition and fees $46,744 $48,611 $50,547 $52,300 3.5%

Books and supplies $1,200 $1,200 $1,200 $1,200 0.0%

Living
arrangement
On Campus

Room and board $14,024 $14,574 $14,962 $15,434 3.2%

Other $2,572 $2,586 $2,604 $2,646 1.6%

TOTAL EXPENSES 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 % CHANGE 2016-2017 TO 2017-2018

On Campus $64,540 $66,971 $69,313 $71,580 3.3%

MULTIYEAR TUITION CALCULATOR
AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Tuition $47,880

Georgetown University
37th and O St NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-0001

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AVERAGE GRADUATE STUDENT TUITION AND FEES FOR
ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-2018

Fees $451

835 53% —— ——

Grant or scholarship
aid 661 42% $27,691,282 $41,893

Federal grants 223 14% $1,700,777 $7,627

Pell grants 215 14% $960,228 $4,466

Other federal grants 93 6% $740,549 $7,963

State/local
government grant or
scholarships

8 1% $4,698 $587

Institutional grants or
scholarships 648 41% $25,985,807 $40,102

Student loan aid 458 29% $2,911,902 $6,358

Federal student loans 444 28% $1,586,240 $3,573

Other student loans 56 4% $1,325,662 $23,673

2,997 40% $110,627,493 $36,913

Pell grants 891 12% $3,864,460 $4,337

Federal student loans 1,959 26% $9,501,306 $4,850

1 Grant or scholarship aid includes aid received, from the federal government, state or local government, the institution, and other
sources known by the institution.

Average net price $26,749 $26,625 $27,420

Full-time beginning undergraduate students who were awarded Title IV aid by income.
AVERAGE NET PRICE BY
INCOME 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017

$0 – $30,000 $6,793 $6,112 $6,057

$30,001 – $48,000 $8,680 $8,637 $8,670

$48,001 – $75,000 $17,789 $15,540 $13,348

$75,001 – $110,000 $25,949 $27,365 $25,073

$110,001 and more $46,915 $48,345 $47,183

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NET PRICE CALCULATOR
An institution’s net price calculator allows current and prospective students, families, and other consumers to estimate the net price of
attending that institution for a particular student.
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ENROLLMENT
FALL 2017

TOTAL ENROLLMENT 19,005

Undergraduate enrollment 7,463

Undergraduate transfer-in enrollment 207

Graduate enrollment 11,542

UNDERGRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT GENDER
UNDERGRADUATE RACE/ETHNICITY
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT AGE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT RESIDENCE
Residence data are reported for first-time degree/certificate-seeking undergraduates, Fall 2016.
GRADUATE ATTENDANCE STATUS
UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS

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UNDERGRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS GRADUATE DISTANCE EDUCATION STATUS
ADMISSIONS
Undergraduate application fee (2017-2018): $75
UNDERGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FALL 2017
TOTAL MALE FEMALE

Number of applicants 21,462 8,644 12,818

Percent admitted 16% 18% 14%

Percent admitted who enrolled 47% 49% 47%

SAT 1,094 68%

ACT 886 55%

SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing 680 760

SAT Math 670 760

ACT Composite 30 34

ACT English 31 35

ACT Math 28 34

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Georgetown University
Print More Information

Information
Institution Name:

Georgetown University
Institution Type:

College

Address:
37th And O St

NW
Washington,

DC 20057

General information:
(202) 687-0100

Financial aid office:
finaid.georgetown.edu/

Admissions office:
www.georgetown.edu/admissions/index.html

IPEDS ID:
131496

Characteristics
Description: Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above

Certificates offered: One but less than two years,
Postbaccalaureate

Degrees offered: Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctor’s-
research/scholarship, Doctor’s-professional
practice

Enrollment
Total enrollment: 19,005
Undergraduate enrollment: 7,463

Percent of Undergraduate enrollment
by gender
Men: 44.3%
Women: 55.7%
by race/ethnicity
Asian: 9.2%
Black or African American: 6.2%
Hispanic/Latino: 10.0%
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander: 0.1%
White: 52.8%
Two or more races: 4.4%
Race/ethnicity unknown: 3.5%
Non-resident alien: 13.8%

(Enrollment data Fall 2017)
Financial
Academic year prices for full-time, first-time undergraduate students

2017-18 2016-17 2015-16
Tuition & fees $52,300 $50,547 $48,611
Books and supplies $1,200 $1,200 $1,200
On-campus
Room and board $15,434 $14,962 $14,574
Other expenses $2,646 $2,604 $2,586

(Source: IPEDS College data 2017-2018)

National Center for Education Statistics
Institute of Education Sciences

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maymi
Callout
you can move these to background information and order somewhere in logically… Prof says this is actually background info.
you kept all these at your edited version. it seems you just did some touch-up..

for young professionals
and students

maymi
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please take into consideration those notes given by prof

maymi
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maymi
Callout
you can delete this portion . As you see, prof says” i already said a lot.
you can use this info and expand the related places.. or delete this.. whatever make the written section well.

maymi
Callout
make sure you corrected typoes and complete the misspellings

maymi
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maymi
Callout
make sure you corrected typoes and complete the misspellings

maymi
Callout
you deleted this from reference, but you keep it here. Actually there is no any source under UDC flagship repsorts.
I will give you university lists. you can visit their websites check it. which university has dormitory, average cost, how many students stay in the dormitory etc…..
we can use real sources to replace with the current source…. As i said there is no ant valid source under UDC 2018 FLAGSHIP REPORT source…
in this part, i try to explain how amny universities there are in washington dc,
which one has dormitory. whats total students, how many percentage live in dormitory, average dormitory cost… etc….

maymi
Callout
YOU DID NOT TAKE OUT….

maymi
Callout
this sentence are not completed at yoru written documents.

maymi
Callout
YOU DID NOT TAKE OUT….

maymi
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maymi
Callout
MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS YOU NEED TO COMPLETE. THATS THE MAIN REASON I SHARED AND SUBMITTED FOR YOU…

maymi
Text Box
I AM ADDING THE UNIVERSITY LISTS. I WILL SUBMIT UNIVERSITY AVERAGE COST STUDENTS NUMBEERS ETC AS PDF…. YOU CAN USE TO RESPOND THE QUESTIONS. IF YOU NEED MORE INFO TO RESPOND THE QUESTIONS GIVEN BY PROF. YOU CAN SEARCH FROM INTERNET USE SOME OTHER SOURCES…
all those unievrsites listed below are located in WASHINGTON, DC ( DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,USA )

maymi
Text Box
1. Univ. of the District of Columbia
2. Howard University
3. Trinity Washington University
4. Gallaudet University
5. American University
6. Catholic University of America-Primary
7. George Washington University
8. Georgetown University

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Fabulous Pre-fab
Applying Modular Construction to Multifamily Residential Projects in Washington, DC

Abigail R. Brown, AIA

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Hello!
Welcome to iLab

iLab exists to promote innovation and progressive architecture and design through

internal research sponsored by Hickok Cole Architects. The program creates a gap in

day to day work life to foster innovation. The firm crowd sources the most compelling

proposals, every employee votes, and the winners are awarded uninterrupted project-

free time to develop an idea or project. Through this exploration the firm aims

to stretch conventional notions about architecture, fabrication, work styles, and

entrepreneurship.

This document is the result of Abigail Brown’s iLab project “Fabulous Pre-fab:

Applying Modular Construction to Multifamily Residential Projects in Washington, DC.”

Modular construction is a pre-fabrication system in which modules of a building are

constructed in a factory then shipped to the site and assembled on a foundation. This

system has not yet been widely used in Washington, DC, despite the cost, schedule,

and environmental benefits it offers and the successful use of the system in other

major cities. This document records answers to the three major research questions

that drove the investigation: what’s modular?, why and why not use modular?, and

what can modular be? This research was tested with a speculative design for a real

site in Washington, DC, with the intention of introducing this technology in future

Hickok Cole projects.

What You’ll See Here2
Tour of modular construction factory; DeLuxe Building Systems

Modular architecture with Jenga blocks; Hickok Cole Architects happy hour

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Contents

Design & Construction2

Wood

Structure

Steel Structure

Steel Details

Project Delivery

Approvals

Factory Fabrication

Transportation

Foundations

Installation

Roofing

Exterior Cladding

Vertical Circulation

MEP & Services

Interior Finishes

3 Disruptive Application

Project Site

Comparison

Building Section

Typical Floor Plan

Sample Unit Plan

Modularization

Cost/Schedule Analysis

Project Return Analysis

Advantages &

Challenges

Modular in DC?

4 Resources & Credits
Bibliography

Illustration Credits

Acknowledgments

Disruptive Innovation1
What’s Modular?

Why Modular?

Why

ot Modular?

What Can Modular Be?

Disruptive
Innovation

What’s Modular?
Why/Why Not Modular?

What Can Modular Be?

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0
14

What’s Modular?
1 Introduction

Modular construction consists of whole building units prefabricated under

controlled conditions and transported to the construction site on a flatbed

trailer. These units are lifted into their final location on a foundation that is

constructed ahead of delivery. In the past, only buildings which employed a

repetitive plan were built using modular construction since exact repetition

was the only way to achieve economies of scale. This resulted in buildings

that were often banal and homogenous. However, this boundary has been

pushed by advances in technology that allow mass customization to replace

exact repetition. Modules can come together in a number of ways to create

an incredible variety of spatial forms including large span spaces. Although

almost any building can be divided into modules, certain project types will

receive the greatest economic benefit. This includes taller urban buildings,

especially multifamily residential projects.

The Stack; Gluck+ and DeLuxe Building Systems

MANUFACTURE TRANSPORT INSTALLMANUFACTURE TRANSPORT INSTALL

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Why Modular?

1 Faster Schedule
The shortened construction schedule due to the ability to perform site work and

building construction simultaneously is the greatest cost savings opportunity on a

modular construction project. DeLuxe Building Systems estimates that construction

times can be cut up to 50%. Reducing the time that large expenses such as cranes

and hoists are needed on a site is a further reduction of overall cost. Modules can

typically be installed at a rate of

–

modules per day depending on site conditions.

2 Cheaper Labor
Work done in a factory can be done quicker than work on-site due to the controlled

climate, factory organization, and optimized repetition of tasks. In addition, the same

amount of work can be done with a smaller crew size. Base wages for tradesmen in

a factory setting are typically lower than on a traditional site as well; however, even in

the event that factory workers are paid the same as on-site workers the smaller crew

size and reduced schedule would still result in opportunities for cost savings. Modular

construction is especially cost competitive against conventional construction built

with union labor.

Modular Construction

Design,

Engineering,

Permitting,

Approval

Site Prep,

Civil Engineering,

Foundations

Site Construction

Site-Built Construction

Design,
Engineering,
Permitting,
Approval

Site Installation

& Finishing

Overall

Time Savings

% – 50%

Site Prep,
Foundations

Manufacturing Process

Construction Schedule Comparison

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Why Modular?
3 Higher

Quality

On-site construction is characterized by the process of concealing previous work with successive

layers of materials. Conversely, modules expose more surfaces and spaces throughout the

construction process, which allows better access to a greater number of building components after

finishes have been applied. The work is surrounded by open factory space and not subject to many

interior space constraints.

On a typical construction site, day-to-day quality is typically a function of the superintendent or

general contractor who is concerned with many other aspects of the construction process. Modular

construction allows for the ability to more closely monitor work quality. Quality control is a very

methodical and consistent process performed at each assembly station, which eliminates error and

reduces the time needed to perform quality checks at the end of the line.

4 Less Exposure to Weather
Many of the indoor air quality issues identified in new construction result from high moisture levels

in the framing materials. The potential for high levels of moisture trapped in building materials is

reduced with modular construction since the modules are assembled in a dry factory setting. The

factory setting is monitored and controlled for proper air quality and ventilation.

5 Worker Safety
Conventional construction workers regularly work in less than ideal conditions dealing with

temperature extremes, precipitation, wind, and sun exposure. Safety risks, such as potential for

injuries including falls, is much higher in the field. Materials and workstations are located adjacent to assembly line;
DeLuxe Building Systems

Workers use permanent walkways and tie-offs;
DeLuxe Building Systems

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Why Modular?
6 Less Materials Waste

Modular construction makes it possible to optimize construction material purchases and usage

while minimizing on-site waste. While there is some redundancy since the joining of modules

creates a double wall condition, cost control can come from the fact that manufacturers

buy material in bulk and often in advance or immediately upon contract execution which

helps to avoid material cost escalation. Bulk materials are stored in a protected environment

safe from theft and exposure to the the environmental conditions of a job site. One of the

most applicable LEED credits to modular buildings is LEED 3.0 BD+C, MR Credit 2.1 and 2.2,

Construction Waste Management, which aims to reduce waste generated on site.

Metal fabrication; DeLuxe Building Systems

Gypsum board installation; DeLuxe Building Systems

8
7 Less Environmental Disturbance

Because building modules are fabricated off-site it is possible to achieve tighter site control.

The duration and impact on the surrounding site environment will be reduced, which makes

it a good choice for greenfield sites or urban infill. This construction technique can assist in

the earning of LEED 3.0 BD+C, SS Credit 6.1, Site Development – Protect and Restore Habitat,

which rewards construction techniques that limit site disturbance and keep disturbed

areas to within the area immediately adjacent to the building footprint. The limited site

disturbance also comes in handy when a site has limited room for a staging area.

Modular construction takes a lot of less mess and noise produced by construction out of

the city and behind the walls of a factory. This is an advantage for projects that are highly

controversial or with difficult neighbors.

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Why Not Modular?

1 Deeper Structure
Since each module has independent walls, floor, and ceiling, and

since these modules are stacked side-by-side and on top of one

another, there are some inherent redundancies in the construction

of a modular building. These double walls and floors provide

some architectural benefits. For example, the double construction

increases the acoustical ratings of the assemblies. However, it

also results in a deeper floor structure and wider walls at module

mate-lines than would typically be found in a multifamily residential

project. The result is either a taller, wider building, or shorter

ceiling heights.

Standard enclosure dimensions; steel modular construction versus cast-in-place concrete

8-1/2”
UNIT DEMISING &
MATE-LINE WALL

THICKNESS

MODULAR

1’-6”
FLOOR DEPTH

10’-0”
FLOOR-TO-FLOOR
HEIGHT

9”
FLOOR SLAB

8-1/2”
UNIT DEMISING

WALL THICKNESS

4-7/8”
UNIT INTERIOR

WALL THICKNESS

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRET

10’-0”
FLOOR-TO-FLOOR
HEIGHT

8’-6”
CEILING HEIGHT

9’-3

”

CEILING HEIGHT

STRUCTURAL
COLUMN BEYOND

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Why Not Modular?

3 Market

Perception

A major challenge of introducing modular construction to a new market is the negative

perception of modular housing, which is often associated with trailer parks, public housing,

and low-end hotels. Combatting this negative perception requires showing clients how to take

advantage of the unique architectural opportunities and increased construction quality that

modular allows. It is important that modular housing does not “look like” pre-fab housing, but

rather like than other multifamily housing project. Marketing messages and positive media

coverage are important, as they influence the opinions of potential residents.

2 Cheap DC Labor Rates
Modular construction is financially competitive when compared to conventional construction built

with union labor. For this reason, cities like New York and Philadelphia have seen an upswing in

modular construction projects in recent years. Unfortunately, labor rates in Washington, DC, are

typically lower than those in other major cities where there is a stronger union presence. This

means modular may not make financial sense in DC unless the labor landscape changes.
Union membership rates by state; 20

NY:
20.0%+

NJ:
15.0-19.9%

PA/MD:
10.0-14.9%

DC/VA:
5.0-9.9%

How modular construction is sometimes perceived

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What Can Modular Be?

Market-Rate
Apartments

Mid-RiseFabulous
Condos

Steel

Innovative

Luxury
Hotel

High-Rise

Sustainable

High QualityLocal

Student Housing

Iconic

Traditional

Single-Family

Wood

Affordable

Low-Rise

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What Can Modular Be?
1 BM Modular One

Single family home built with modular construction;
BM Modular One, Bethesda, MD: Robert M. Gurney

11
11

Single-Family
Home

Wood

LuxuryBethesda, MD; Robert Gurney, FAIA
•5,000sf single-family home

•Cost $200/sf; typical Robert Gurney houses cost $300/sf

•Took 2 weeks to build 13 wood frame modules in factory, 2 days to install on-site

•Took 6 months to complete after delivery of modules

•All finishes, appliances, and millwork were installed on-site

•Made no compromises in terms of quality of materials or construction

•Allowed a client who had budget and schedule limitations to afford a custom house

•Manufacturer: Nationwide Homes, Sandy Spring Builders

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What Can Modular Be?
2 NYC Beach Facility Modules

New York, NY; Garrison Architects

•37 lifeguard and comfort stations

•Built after Hurricane Sandy destroyed existing structures

•Needed to be built quickly (within five months, by Memorial Day 2013) and had to be

capable of withstanding future extreme storms

•Deployed to fifteen sites around New York City

•Common chassis allowed modules to be modified for use as comfort stations, lifeguard

stations, and offices while meeting a variety of site conditions

•Steel structure modules are 15 feet wide x 12 feet x 47 or 57 feet long

•Modules include solar hot water heating, skylight ventilators, and PV panels

•Manufacturer: DeLuxe Building Systems

Bathroom pods built using modular construction; NYC Beach Restoration Modules, New York, NY: Garrison Architects

1212

Iconic
Facilities

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3 NYC Emergency Housing Prototype
New York, NY; Garrison Architects

•Disaster housing prototype designed for the New York City Office of

Emergency Management

•Multi-story, multifamily interim housing designed to work across the country

•Modules could be deployed in less than 15 hours and assembled in various

arrangements calibrated for challenging urban conditions

•A 3-story, 3 unit test structure is installed in Brooklyn, NY, and is currently

undergoing occupancy tests

•Steel modules are 12 feet wide x 40 feet long

•Manufacturer: Mark Line Industries

Low-rise emergency housing built using modular construction; NYC Emergecny Housing Prototype, New York, NY: Garrison Architects

13
13

What Can Modular Be?
Low-Rise

Emergency Housing
Steel

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4 The Modules at TempleTown
Philadelphia, PA; Interface Studio Architects

•80,000sf, 5-story building was built from excavation to completion in 9 months

•Includes ground floor parking garage and 60,000sf of modular construction above

•Total of 89 wood modular units to build

one and two-bedroom apartments

•Cost was approximately $135 per square foot

•Modular construction helped keep costs down without compromising quality

•One of the largest LEED for Homes development in the US

•Used modular construction as part of the branding for the building

•Manufacturer: Innovative Design & Building Services with Excel Homes

Mid-rise student housing built using modular construction; The Modules at TempleTown, Philadelphia, PA: Interface Studio Architects

14 14

What Can Modular Be?
Sustainable

Mid-Rise
Student Housing

Wood

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What Can Modular Be?
5 One9 Condominiums

Melbourne, Australia; Amnon Weber Architects

•9-story, 34 unit condo building erected in 5 days in November 2013

•One and two-bedroom market rate units include high-grade contemporary

finishes

•Building comprised of 36 modules built off-site complete with facades, finishes,

and balconies; cantilevered terraces on all levels

•Facade includes double glazed windows and sliding privacy screens

•Built with the Unitised Building (UB) System, a modular pre-fab system

developed and used in Australia

•Manufacturer: Hickory Group, Vaughan Construction

Mid-rise market rate condos built using modular construction; One9 Apartments, Melbourne, Australia: Amnon Weber Architects

1616

Condos
Market-Rate

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What Can Modular Be?
6 Atlantic Yards

Brooklyn, NY; SHoP Architects

•32-story, 350 unit tower will be the tallest modular building in the world

•As of June 25th construction was up to the seventh floor

•Had some delays at the beginning, but the process is speeding up

•60% of work done in factory, 40% on site

•Estimated to trim construction schedule from 24 to 18 months

•Housing will be 50% at market rate, 50% below market rate

•Includes 4,000sf of ground floor retail and luxury amenities

•Manufacturer: FCS Modular, Skanska and Forest City Ratner

High-rise modular apartment building currently under construction; Atlantic Yards B2 Tower, Brooklyn, NY: SHoP Architects

1717

Apartments
Mixed-Use

High-Rise
Steel

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What Can Modular Be?

Pushed

Dramatic

Stacked

Terraced

Courtyards

Dynamic

IconicRotatedComposed
Pulled

Subtle

Twisting
Aggregated

Innovative

Playful
Traditional

Textured

Irregular

Moveable

Site-Specific

Wrapped

Expressed

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What Can Modular Be?
7 “Play with your architecture”

In keeping with Hickok Cole’s mantra that “good ideas can come from anywhere,” the entire

Hickok Cole office was invited to a happy hour to help generate ideas responding to the

question “What Can Modular Be?” Multiple massing studies were produced using blocks from

the popular game Jenga. Cladding for modular buildings is usually installed entirely on-site

using conventional techniques, through it can also be completely or partially attached in

the factory. Installing the cladding on-site allows the building skin to act as a wrapper that

encloses and covers the expression of the modules. If the cladding is installed in the factory

it becomes much easier to identify the individual modules within in the overall composition

of the building. Whether or not to express the modules is a decision that needs to be made

for each project. The Jenga exploration revealed multiple ways that expressing the modules

allows for unique architectural expression and controlled variety across a facade.

EXPRESSED MODULESENCLOSED

MODULES

Options for expression of modules; enclosed or expressedJenga blocks for building modules?; Hickok Cole Architects happy hour

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What Can Modular Be? Stacked
Pushed & Pulled

Precedents and Jenga massing studies; stacked, pushed and pulled

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What Can Modular Be? Rotated
Terraced

21 22

Precedents and Jenga massing studies; rotated, terraced, courtyards

Unit Type A Unit Type B

Courtyards
22

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What Can Modular Be? Textured
Aggregated

Precedents and Jenga massing studies; textured, aggregated, subtle

Subtle

23 24

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What Can Modular Be? Twisting
Iconic

Dynamic26

Precedents and Jenga massing studies; twisting, dynamic, iconic

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What Can Modular Be?
Composed

Irregular

Precedents and Jenga massing studies; irregular, dramatic, composed

Dramatic

Design &
Construction

How Does Modular Work?

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Wood Structure

2
3

1 Principles of Wood

Modular

Wood modular is used for single family homes and low-rise multifamily buildings.

Wood modular buildings are limited in height and require a deep ceiling to floor

connection. Wood modules are often finished with primed gypsum wall board before

shipping, but appliances, millwork, and heavy finishes like tile and stone are installed

after placement at the site. During transit, modules often require temporary bracing

since the wood framing may not be engineered to withstand transportation loads.

Wood framing system; ZETA Design Build

2 Module Dimensions
Dimensional requirements for modular construction are determined by transportation

restrictions and will vary by manufacturer. Wood is a lightweight structure, and

therefore can accommodate large module sizes. These are rules of thumb:

•Maximum module width: 16’-0”

•Maximum module length: 64’-0”

•Maximum module height: 12’-0”

•Maximum building height: 3 to 4 stories

•Estimated depth of floor mate-line: 2’-0”

2
3

3 Construction Type
Building height and gross floor area are also limited by building code. Wood

construction is limited to Type III or Type V construction.

Wood module on site; BM Modular One, Bethesda, MD; Robert M. Gurney 30

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Steel Structure
2
3

1 Principles of Steel Modular
Steel modular is used in buildings that require a more robust structural system

such as taller, high-performing, or seismic-designed buildings. Steel modules have

therefore become popular with West Coast architects and for mid-rise to high-rise

multifamily buildings. Steel frames are strong and rigid and can be less stout since

steel is stronger than wood and does not have to be unnecessarily over-structured for

transport. The modules are finished out in the factory with insulation, infill framing,

wiring, ducting, finishes, appliances, and millwork so they are as complete as possible

before shipping. Modular construction manufacturers often specialize in either wood

or steel modules.

Steel module under construction; DeLuxe Building Systems

2 Module Dimensions
Dimensional requirements for modular construction are determined by transportation

restrictions and will vary by manufacturer. These are rules of thumb:

•Maximum module width and length using concrete deck:

•12’-0” x 46’-0”

•14’-0” x 40’-0”

•16’-0” x 35’-0”

•Maximum module width and length using cement board:

•12’-0” x 65’-0”

•14’-0” x 58’-0”

•16’-0” x 50’-0”

•Maximum module height: 12’-0”

•Maximum building height: 5 to 12 stories

•Estimated depth of floor mate-line: 1’-6”

Steel framing system; DeLuxe Building Systems 32

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Steel Structure

4 Advantages of Steel Modular
•Higher fire resistance (Construction Type I & II) allows for taller and larger

structures. Steel modular could be used for a 13-story DC high rise, and

may prove to be cheaper than a cast-in-place concrete structure.

•Rigid and robust structure allows larger opening spans, reduced need for

lateral bracing, and more design flexibility. Does not require temporary

supports for transit.

•Mate lines are more structurally sound due to ease of connections and higher

capacity of connections. Performs well under seismic stress and high

winds.

•Structure is shallower than that required for wood modular.

•High level of prefabrication due to the strength and precision of the frame.

Interior finishes, appliances, and fixtures are installed in the factory, which

leads to greater time savings.

•Higher quality construction than both wood stick-built and wood modular.

High quality will help mitigate the negative market perception of pre-fab

as cheap construction.

3 Construction Type
Steel modular construction is typically Type I or Type II construction, which allows for

taller and larger buildings than wood modular. DeLuxe Building Systems uses steel

floor joists with a 4.5” concrete deck as its typical module assembly. All structural

members are wrapped with mineral wool insulation for fire protection and noise

isolation. Once on-site the modules are bolted together in such a way that expansion

joints between modules are not required.

Steel modules under construction; DeLuxe Building Systems

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Steel Details
1 Wall Thickness

Wall thicknesses vary depending on required fire rating and location of the wall within the module. The

following are rules of thumb assuming the use of light gauge steel studs and 5/8” gypsum board:

•Interior wall on a mate-line:

8”

•Exterior wall (w/o cladding, w/ membrane): 9 3/4”

•When adjacent modules meet there is a 1/2” gap at the mate-line

•Interior walls not on a mate-line should use typical partition types

Multi-unit modular construction is inherently insulating to sound. Because each module has its own

framing, there can be no direct sound transfer through the light gauge steel framing into adjacent surfaces. Typical separating wall in a steel modular building 37

Junction of floor, exterior wall, and interior wall 38

2 Floor Thickness
Floor thicknesses vary based on manufacturer and structural system. Wood modules typically need 2’-0” of

floor depth, and steel modules typically need 1’-6” of floor depth.

3 Openings Between Modules
The framing of a typical module results in a typical opening dimension of 8’-0”; however, openings as wide

as 9’-6” are possible without significant structural modifications. If a clear span opening is desired, this can

be achieved by increasing the beam depth or welding frames across the mate line.

Interior openings between modules 34 35 36

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Exterior wall section detail Typical mate-line wall section40 41Typical plan detail at exterior wall 39

Steel Details
8

”

1’
-6

”
8”
1’
-6
”

9
3

/4
”

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Project Delivery
1 Delivery Methods

There are a few standard routes that a client may take when going through the

process of construction procurement for modular construction. These include design-

bid-build, negotiated bid, and design-build.

Design-bid-build is the conventional method in which a project is designed by an

architect and bid by competing general contractors. The selected general contractor

then selects a subcontractor to provide the modular components. This delivery

method does not take complete advantage of the potential collaboration benefits

of modular construction; since modular manufacturers have their own systems,

the production of bid documents becomes tricky. Bid documents can either use

one manufacturer’s standard system as a basis of design (which limits competitive

bidding), or bid documents can use a performance-based or prototypical system

(which results in less architectural control of the final product and requires additional

design work once a manufacturer is selected).

In a negotiated bid the architect and client select either a modular manufacturer or

a general contractor who is teamed with a modular manufacturer at the beginning

of the design process. This delivery method allows for maximum collaboration and

more accurate pricing, as the selected manufacturer’s standards are used as known

constraints during the design process.

In design-build procurement the client and modular manufacturer enter into a single

contract in which the modular manufacturer can either do the design in-house or hire

an outside architect as a subcontractor.

2 Construction Documents
There are three different ways in which collaboration between the architect and

manufacturer may occur to prepare construction documents:

The architect produces a set of construction documents and the manufacturer

then produces shop drawings based off this set.

The manufacturer may be involved from the beginning in an advising role and

then will begin to produce drawings at a stage in between final design development

and 50% construction documents. DeLuxe Building Systems uses this model.

If using design-build, the architect may produce “bridging documents” that are

given to a manufacturer to complete in-house.

Contract Documents produced by DeLuxe Building Systems 42

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Approvals

1 Permits & Inspections
Because modular buildings are constructed at a distance from municipal building

inspectors, a third-party inspector system has been established. Inspectors must visit

the modular manufacturing facility for inspections of the modules, then visit the site

again after assembly. Permits are also often run through a third-party system. In the

permit drawing set, modular and in-situ components should be represented together

as a final whole. However, drawings should still clearly differentiate site work from

modular components.

In Washington, DC, Brookland Equity Group LLC was issued a permit for a three

story, four unit shipping container apartment building in July 2014. The containers

were assembled less than two weeks after the permit was issued. Though shipping

containers are a different kind of pre-fab than modular construction, this proves that

modular buildings are able to receive building permits in

Washington, DC.

SeaUA Apartments; Brookland, Washington, DC; Travis Price Architects

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Factory Fabrication

1 Regional Manufacturer
DeLuxe Building Systems; Berwick, PA

•Founded in 1965; began using steel frame modules in the mid-1980s

•Two quarter mile long production lines, materials are procured locally when possible

•Nearly 400,000sf of production and warehouse facilities

•Metal fabrication and concrete plant on site; roll own studs and structural steel

•Capacity to produce 12.5 million sf per year

•Primary market sectors are hospitality, student housing, apartments, and condos

•Previously worked with Hickok Cole on the unbuilt 16th & Constitution project

Factory assembly line; DeLuxe Building Systems, Berwick, PA

46 46 47

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Factory Fabrication
Factory assembly line; DeLuxe Building Systems, Berwick, PA

48 50

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Transportation
1 Transit Protection

All modules that are exposed during transport are covered by a custom made

polyethylene sheet or tarp for temporary weatherproofing. In addition, any loose

appliances or materials must be tied down prior to shipment.

2 Shipping
Maximum width, height, and weight of modules are based on shipping restrictions

and are limited by individual state laws. City and county governments also impose

additional regulations, which might include permit requirements, police escort,

maximum dimensions, times of day, roads, route reporting requirements, and

maximum weights. Modules can be shipped via truck, railroad, or ship depending on

destination. For economic feasibility, the maximum distance from factory to site is

typically considered 500 miles.

Modules ready for shipment
NYC Emergency Housing Prototype; Garrison Architects

Temporary Weatherproofing; DeLuxe Building Systems

3 Vehicle Permits in DC
Permits are required for vehicles and loads wider than 8 feet-6 inches, higher than 13

feet-6 inches, longer than 55 feet, or that exceed the District axle and gross weight

limitations (21,000 lb for single axle, 34,000 lb for double axle). In addition, police

escort is required for any vehicles and loads that are wider than 12 feet, taller than 13

feet-6 inches, longer than 75 feet, or that weigh over 120,000 lbs. Police escort is also

required for any vehicle carrying Class 1 Explosives. Refer to DDOT’s Public Space

Permit Office for further information on Oversize and Overweight Vehicles.

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Foundations
1 Foundation Types

In all cases the foundation must be prepared before the modules begin to

arrive on site. Almost any foundation system can be used with modular

construction depending on the site and soil conditions. Wood modules

generally place distributed loads on foundations whereas steel framed

modules often produce a point load. Therefore, perimeter and pier

foundations systems are more common for steel buildings. Concrete podium

construction is a good choice for multi-family buildings since it allows for

the larger spans required for parking and retail at the site with the residential

modules placed above.

2 Tolerances and Levelling
The levelling of foundations or grade beams is crucial to the subsequent

installation and alignment of modular units. Often it is necessary to provide

for some adjustment in the foundation or in the legs of the modular unit.

Each manufacturer had developed its own proprietary system for locating

and fixing mechanisms to aid in the positioning of units on the foundations.

Generally base plates, steel strips, or cement particle board are fixed to

the foundations and grouted and levelled as necessary to take up any

inaccuracies in the top of the foundation.

Foundation Detail;
Kullman Building Corporation

Modules placed on stepped concrete podium; Star Apartments: Michael Maltzan

Foundation Types;
Kullman Building Corporation

54 55

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Installation
1 Crane and Rigging

Installation of modules;
Top: The Stack, New York City; Bottom: 38 Harriet Street, San Francisco

75-ton capacity luffing jib crane

Methods of lifting Craning site plan; Pierson College

58 59

61 61

The type of crane required for placing modules is based on weight and reach.

Positioning of modules often requires a crane of greater capacity than those

commonly kept on-site during typical low-rise construction projects, as a 40-75 ton

capacity is generally required. Various types of rigs are available to lift modules.

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Installation

Setting pin section;
Kullman Building Corporation

2 Hoisting and Positioning
Typically the modules are lifted directly from the flatbed trailer into their final location.

An on-site crew guides the modules into place and make the connections. Ideally,

this process does not impede the maximum workflow of the crane, as renting large

cranes are expensive. The maneuvering of modules is performed by guide ropes.

Weather conditions will prevent the placing of modules when wind speeds exceed 10

mph. A small gap between module frames allows the process to occur with greater

speed. Any joints or openings are covered with a tarp at the end of each day. Most

manufacturers can install 6-10 modules per day, depending on site conditions.

3 Fastening
Each modular construction manufacturer uses a different system to connect the

modules to each other; however, it is typical to use a interlocking system to increase

accuracy and reduce setting time. In most cases a pin is welded to the base of each

corner column which fits into the columns of the module below. In the Kullman

Building Corporation’s system, the tapered pin locates the module below, the diamond

pin registers alignment in one direction, and the two floating pins allow for error. A

3/8” steel plate with a 1-1/2” stiffening lip at the top and bottom then fastens the

modules together with blind rivets.

Setting pin identification, underside of module;
Kullman Building Corporation

Stacking and fastening of modules;
Kullman Building Corporation

Bind rivet section;
Kullman Building Corporation 62

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Roofing
1 Flat Roofs

All currently used roofing systems can be applied to modular buildings. The ceiling

structure of the upper modular units can support the roof directly or an additional

roof structure that spans between the walls of the modular units may be used. In

either case it is necessary to ensure that the structure is designed to accommodate

all roof loads. A range of flat roofing systems can be used, including single layer or

built up membranes on sheathing laid on furring strips. The roof structure can be

engineered to accommodate a green roof or assembly space. It is unlikely that pools

can be accommodated on the roofs on modular buildings.

Parapet wall details are possible. Roof drain pipes can be incorporated into the

vertical service shafts that also accommodate soil and vent pipes and other vertical

services within the building. A parapet roof can be integrated into the construction of

a module in the factory or constructed conventionally on site.

2 Pitched Roofs
Pitched roofs can be constructed in the factory as independent modules that are

installed on site, constructed conventionally, or integrated into the construction

of a module at the factory if it is low-sloping. Detailed research on pitched roofs

was beyond the scope of this document since they are rarely used for multi-family

residential buildings.

Flat roof detail with parapet

Roof module configurations Roof deck; The Modules at TempleTown student housing67

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Exterior Cladding
1 Wall Cladding Interface

Cladding for modular buildings can be self supporting vertically and only supported laterally by

the units, or it can be supported entirely by the modular structure. Cladding is usually placed

entirely on-site using conventional techniques, through it can sometimes be completely or partially

attached in the factory. Typical cladding materials include brick (which is supported vertically by

the foundations and laterally by the structure), cementitious panels applied to rigid insulation, and

rainscreen panels attached to sub-framing or directly to the structure.

2 Windows & Doors
Window and door frames are generally fitted into the modular units in the factory and their detailing

is similar to other forms of framed construction. The number of openings and area of glazing

permitted in any one modular unit is limited only by structural requirements. If large openings are

required it may be necessary to incorporate hot rolled steel elements into the structure of the unit.

The external cladding must be detailed to fit around the openings with appropriate waterproofing

details.

Exterior installation; The Modules at TempleTown; Interface Studio
Architects

Exterior installation; The Stack, New York City; Gluck+

Exterior cladding; The Modules at TempleTown, Lehman Child Care Center, Atlantic Yards B2 tower

6969

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Vertical Circulation
1 Elevators & Stairs

Elevator shafts and stairs can be configured into modules to suit an

individual project. Elevator shafts and stairs can also be site built.

Possible stair and elevator configuration; Kullman Building CorporationIntegrated stair modules; DeLuxe Building Systems

73 73

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MEP and Services
1 Decentralized Systems

Decentralized mechanical systems are often used in modular buildings. This

eliminates the need for deep ductwork required to transfer conditioned air from a

central plant. Decentralizing also avoids some of the complexities of routing the

systems and making field connections.

2 Hookups & Distribution

Typical service duct; axon and plan

Service hook-up diagram

Installation of electrical, plumbing, and heating services in modular buildings can

largely be achieved in the factory while final connections are made on-site. A

vertical service duct is incorporated in each unit to accommodate vertical drainage

and pipework. The services within each unit are installed in the factory and

terminate at the vertical duct. Access to the service duct is generally made from

corridors outside the unit, which allows services to be connected on-site within the

duct and without the need to enter the unit. This minimizes potential damage to

the finishes within the apartments. Horizontal distribution is often run through the

ceilings of the corridors, which requires a dropped ceiling. Hookups can also be

made through removable floor or wall panels.

The corridors within the modular units arrive to the site unfinished so these

connections can be made easily. Corridor lighting and finishes are then installed

on-site once the services are in place. The design of access points and chase

enclosures can be integrated with the building’s finishes.

Service duct; model unit 76 77

FINISHED
UNIT

SERVICE
DUCT

FINISHED
UNIT
FINISHED
UNIT

UNFINISHED
CORRIDOR

ATTACH

UNFINISHED
CORRIDOR
SERVICE
DUCT
ATTACH

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Interior Finishes
1 Schedule of Completion

The goal of modular construction is to complete as much as possible in the factory setting. However, some

finish work always needs to be done on site. This includes the corridors after MEP hook-ups are made, any

interior spaces that are built on-site, and the joints between modules. When openings occur at module mate-

lines the finishes need to be stitched together in the field. Therefore, designers should pay close attention to

detailing these finish transitions at mate-lines. Alternatively, floor finishes can be applied entirely on-site in

order to cover the mate-line in the floor seamlessly, though this requires more on-site labor.

2 Quality of Finishes
Quality of finishes are not restricted by modular construction. Any grade of finishes can be selected and

installed in the factory by trained craftsman. Finishes in marquee spaces, such as lobbies and amenities, can

be installed on-site for greater control and without the need to account for joints at module mate-lines.

Unit interior; NYC Emergency Housing Prototype; Garrison Architects

Unit interior; 38 Harriet Street, Panoramic InterestsSingle family home interior; BM Modular One, Bethesda, MD: Robert M. Gurney

Disruptive
Application

Modular in DC?

Conventional

Non-

Union

Modular
Union
Wood

?????????

Steel

vs
vs

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Project Site

NEWTON ST

BU
NK

ER
HI

LL
RD

M
IC

HI
G

VE
N

10
T

H
S

T
N

OTIS ST

MONROE ST NE

PROJECT
SITE

WMATA
BUS LOOP

B
R

O
O

K
L

A
N

D
-C

U
A

M
E

T
R

O
S

TA
T

O
N

BROOKS
MANSION

Project site location; Brookland WMATA Joint Development Site, Northeast Washington, DC

1 Disruptive Application
Multifamily residential construction is currently booming in the national’s capital,

but developers have been shy to adopt modular construction techniques. Despite

the expedited schedules, higher quality, and environmental benefits of modular,

and the successful use of the system in other major cities, there have not yet been

any large-scale modular construction projects in Washington, DC. In order to

better understand the constraints and challenges, the preceding research has been

applied to a speculative design for a real site in the Brookland neighborhood of

Washington, DC.

2 Speculative Project Site
The site is located adjacent to the Brookland-CUA Metro station on the Red Line

in the Northeast quadrant of the District of Columbia, and it was included as the

south parcel in the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Joint

Development Solicitation that was released in November 2013.

The Brookland-CUA Metro station and WMATA bus loop are immediately to the

west of the site. The Metro station’s existing Kiss & Ride facility is located on the

site, and the project proposal incorporates a replacement facility on the ground

floor. This proposal aims to develop a new multifamily residential building that will

offer rental units in a mix of unit sizes from juniors to two bedroom units.

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Comparison

SITE-BUILT
CONCRETE PODIUM

$149/SF*

1 Initial Concept
The initial concept of the application phase of this study was to investigate the

use of modular construction to replace wood frame stick-built construction over a

concrete podium, which is a common construction type in Washington, DC. The

speculative project was therefore assumed to be five stories of wood modular or stick-

built construction over a site-built concrete podium. However, after researching the

limitations of wood modular and discussing the costs with a local contractor (Davis

Construction) it quickly became apparent that wood modular construction would

not be competitive in Washington, DC. Below is a list of major factors that drove this

decision:

•Wood buildings are limited in height and gross square area by building code

•Wood is less rigid than steel, and thus limits open spans and requires more

lateral bracing

•Wood modular requires temporary supports for transit loads

•Wood modular requires a very deep ceiling to floor connection (2’-0” minimum)

•Less work can be done in the factory since wood modules can not support

heavy appliances, millwork, and finishes during transit. This reduces

the same savings benefit of modular construction.

•The negative market perception of modular construction is more pronounced

with wood. Steel modular is generally perceived as higher quality.

•Wood frame stick-built construction is very affordable in the Washington, DC,

market. Early pricing studies by Davis Construction have shown that wood

modular costs 35% more than conventional wood framing.

SITE-BUILT
WOOD FRAME

UNITS

SITE-BUILT
CONCRETE PODIUM

WOOD
MODULAR

UNITS

5 STORIES

MID-RISE

CONVENTIONAL

MID-RISE MODULAR

$110/SF*

*Approximate overall building cost; based on 2013 study by Davis Construction

5 STORIES

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SITE-BUILT
CONCRETE PODIUM
Comparison

STEEL
MODULAR

UNITS

HIGH-RISE MODULAR

2 Revised Concept
During early discussions Davis Construction expressed interest in comparing steel

modular construction to a conventional cast-in-place concrete building. Using the

same site and floor plan as the initial concept, the study was revised to compare nine

stories of modular or conventional construction over a site-built concrete podium.

We compared both total building cost and construction schedule for both options

using both union and non-union labor. All four estimates were then plugged into a

pro-forma to compare the project returns for each option. The following pages show

an abbreviated set of the basic drawings of a multifamily residential project for the

Brookland WMATA site that were used to generate the cost and schedule comparisons,

including a floor plan, module plan, sections, a sample unit plan, and a massing study.

COST ?

9 STORIES

3 Assumptions

The following are the assumptions that were taken into account for the estimates:

•The modular option consists of nine stories of steel modular over a site-built

concrete podium.

•The conventional option consists of nine stories of cast-in-place concrete

structure over a concrete podium

•The site-built concrete podium is identical for both options and that is assumed

to be existing when construction on the upper floors started

•To make this study an apples-to-apples comparison the building form does not

take advantage of the interesting architectural opportunities that modular allows. The

modular option for this study uses a straightforward stacking approach with some set-

backs for balconies. The building skin was assumed to be installed on-site.

SITE-BUILT
CONCRETE STRUCTURE

SITE-BUILT
CONCRETE

UNITS

HIGH-RISE

CONVENTIONAL

COST ?
9 STORIES

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Building Section

STEEL
MODULAR
UNITS

SITE-BUILT
CONCRETE PODIUM

Key Plan

East/West Building Section; 1/8” = 1’-0”

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Typical Floor Plan
1 Program Elements

The speculative project offers rental units in a mix of unit sizes from

juniors to two bedroom units. The proposal will offer affordable

units per DC Inclusionary Zoning requirements. The building

will strive for LEED certification and feature many sustainable

design strategies, such as water-reducing fixtures, energy efficient

equipment and lighting, and storm water retention systems.

The building features residential amenities on the second floor that

include a Club Room and a Fitness Center, both with access to an

amenity roof terrace. The amenity spaces are site-built due to the

large spans and irregular room geometry.

1BR

1BR
1BR

1BR 1BR

1BR 1BR 1BR

1BR
1BR
1BR
1BR
1BR
1BR
1BR
1BR

1BR

2BR

2BR
2BR
2BR
2BR
2BR
2BR
2BR

1BR+D

1BR+D
1BR+D

JR
JR
JR
JR

Typical Floor Plan; 1/8” = 1’-0”

UNIT TYPE AV SF L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 L08 L09 L10 TOTAL

JUNIOR 519 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 13 50

1 BED 715 15 17 17 17 17 17 19 19 11 149

1 BED + DEN 888 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 41

2 BED 1224 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 60

TOTAL 28 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 300

UNIT MIX

AMENITY
TERRACE
BELOW

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14MATE

LINE

MATE
LINE

MATE
LINE
MATE
LINE
MATE
LINE
MATE
LINE
MATE
LINE

35’-0”30’-0”

16
’-

0
”

11
’-

6
”

12
’-

6
”
Sample Unit Plan

Sample Junior and 1 Bedroom Unit Layout; 1/4” = 1’-0”

UNITS

JUNIOR
480 SF

1 BEDROOM
720 SF

1BR
MODULES
N

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Modularization

Z15

D1
C2
D1
C1
D2
C1
D2
C1

Z11

Z12

E1
E1
E1
E1
B2

Z6B1A1B2

Z10

Z16

Z23Z24

A2
B2

B2
B1

Z13

Z14

Z26
Z25

Z17

Z29

Z27

Z30

Z31

Z28

Z18

Z19

Z22

Z20

Z21

Z5Z4

Module Plan; 1/8” = 1’-0”

B21BR

E1
D1
JR
C1
MODULES
1BR
UNITS

2BR
Z1

Z2
Z3

Z4
2BR

1BR

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Modularization

MODULE AXON

LEGEND

LIVING ROOM MODULE, 12’-6” x 65’-0”*

BEDROOM MODULE, 11’-6” x 65’-0”*

LIVING ROOM MODULE, 12’-6” x 35’-0”*

BEDROOM MODULE, 11’-6” x 35’-0”*

JUNIOR MODULE, 16’-0” x 30’-0”

MODULES STACK VERTICALLY;
DIMENSIONS VARY

SITE BUILT BELOW GRADE PARKING

SITE BUILT PODIUM

*LENGTH DIMENSION IS APPROXIMATE; VARIES AS
MODULES SET BACK FOR BALCONIES

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0

50 100 150 200 250

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

MODULAR

$204.55

$175.07

$217.97

$219.58

U
N

IO
N

N
O

N
-U

N
IO

N
0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
MODULAR

43 WEEKS

52 WEEKS

65 WEEKS

U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
0
50 100 150 200 250
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
MODULAR
$204.55
$175.07
$217.97
$219.58
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
MODULAR
43 WEEKS
43 WEEKS
52 WEEKS
65 WEEKS
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
Cost/Schedule Analysis

TOTAL BUILDING COST PER GSF*

MODULAR

LENGTH OF CONSTRUCTION

CONVENTIONAL

1 How much? 2 How long?

*Total Building Cost per GSF includes direct construction cost, union premium,

general conditions, contingency, contractor insurance, builders risk insurance,

general contractor’s fee, gross receipts tax, performance and payment bond,

and escalation. This study assumes that the podium was already built when

construction on the tower started.

Conceptual estimates based on cost analysis by DeLuxe Building Systems and

Davis Construction dated 9 Oct

2014.

3 Summary
•Modular is $29.48/sf more than conventional when using non-union labor

•Modular is $1.61/sf less than conventional when using union labor

•Modular is 9 weeks faster than conventional when using non-union labor

•Modular is 22 weeks faster than conventional when using union labor

MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL

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1.13x

1.9x

1.17x

0.5
1.0

1.5
2.0

CONVENTONAL

MODULAR
U

N
IO

N
N

O
N

-U
N

IO
N
Project Return Analysis

EQUITY MULTIPLE

1 Is it worth it? 3 Equity Multiple
In order to test the financial feasibility of using modular construction for the

speculative project, a local developer (CityInterests) agreed to run several pro-forma

models to test the four scenarios priced by Davis Construction.

Through the comparison of several metrics measuring return on investment (equity

multiple, IRR, and standardized yield on cost), it becomes clear that modular

construction is not competitive against conventional construction built with union

labor. However, modular construction produces slightly higher returns when compared

with conventional construction built with union labor. Whether or not those returns

are high enough to justify the increased risk associated with a new construction type

depends on the investor/developer risk appetite. Some owners may be quick to jump

at a new potentially ground breaking opportunity with higher risk/reward potential,

while others may not be as keen to the be first to the party. The decision will also

depend on project size, investment requirements, and portfolio size for the individual

company assessing the deal.

MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL

An equity multiple is a metric that describes the number of times the investor is

expected to receive their original investment back over the life of the investment.

It does not take into account the time value of money.

2 Assumptions
The following are the assumptions that were taken into account for the estimates:

•The project includes 300 units rented at $3.00/sf

•The land acquisition price is $10,000,000

•The construction loan interest rate is 4.50%

•The only variables are the length of construction and the total building cost/gsf

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8.94%

5.15%

15.03%

6.10%

5 10 15 20

CONVENTONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N

26.16%

6.45%

5 10

13.34%

4.24%

15 20 25 30

CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N

IO
N8.94%

5.15%
15.03%
6.10%
5 10 15 20
CONVENTONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
26.16%
6.45%
5 10
13.34%
4.24%
15 20 25 30
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
Project Return Analysis

INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR), UNLEVERAGED INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR), LEVERAGED

4 Internal Rate of Return

MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR

CONV.

An IRR is the interest rate at which the net present value of all the cash flows

both negative and positive) from a project or investment equal zero. An IRR is a

valuable metric because it takes into account all cash flows and the time value of

money, which thereby provides the investor a benchmark by which it can evaluate

competing investments. Unleveraged IRR assesses a project independent of the

lending environment (as if it were a cash deal), whereas leveraged IRR accounts

for how debt impacts the cash flow (including interest and debt

payments).

MODULAR
CONV.

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0

2
4 6

7.11%

6.67%

8.14%

6.72%

8 10

CONVENTONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N

7.51%

6.22%

6.15%

6.59%

21 3 4 5 6 7 8

CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
0
2
4 6
7.11%
6.67%
8.14%
6.72%
8 10
CONVENTONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
7.51%
6.22%
6.15%
6.59%
1
21 3 4 5 6 7 8
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
U
N
IO
N
N
O
N
-U
N
IO
N
Project Return Analysis

STANDARDIZED YIELD ON COST, UNLEVERAGED STANDARDIZED YIELD ON COST, LEVERAGED

5 Standardized Yield on Cost

MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL
MODULAR
CONVENTIONAL

The yield on cost is a measure of cash flow return that measures the net operating

income expected to be generated from a development property as a percentage

of development cost. Unleveraged yield on cost assesses a project independent

of the lending environment (as if it were a cash deal), whereas leveraged yield on

cost accounts for how debt impacts the cash flow (including interest and debt

payments).

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Modular in DC?
1 Moving Forward

So does it make sense to use modular in Washington, DC? At the time of

this writing, the answer is only under certain conditions. The project must

a high-rise that would conventionally be built with cast-in-place concrete,

and the project must be built with union labor. The speculative project

comparison undertaken through this iLab suggests that increasing modular’s

presence in other nearby cities with strong unions, such as Baltimore, may

be a better opportunity.

A major challenge in the Washington, DC, market is combatting the

negative market perception of modular construction. This is a challenge

that architects can help solve by showing clients the unique architectural

opportunities and increased construction quality that modular allows. The

use of well designed, high quality precedents is important, as is educating

clients and the public about modular construction and its benefits. Further

developing the Jenga massing studies found in this document would be

a worthwhile endeavor to demonstrate the possibilities of expressing the

module on a facade. In addition, studying the potential opportunities for

unit design may reveal interesting new unit types based around increased

terraces and access to individual exterior space for renters. The use of

modular construction is increasing in other major cities around the country,

and so the future of modular in the nation’s capital is rich with potential.

Money

Unions
Sustainability

Efficiency

Quality

Time
Competition

Manufacturing

Technology

Perception

Future?

Factory Fabrication

Expression

Education

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Advantages

Challenges

11 Up to 50% reduction in project schedule delivers product to market faster

2
4
5

Potential reduction in total project cost when built with union labor; more accurate cost estimating

Better construction sequencing and fewer conflicts in crew scheduling

Reduces site environmental impacts due to reduced material waste, pollution, dust, and noise

11 Increased risk for first project due to uncertainty by lenders

13 Cost savings is not as big in Washington, DC, as in other major cities due to lower labor rates

12 Negative market perception that modular construction is cheap, ugly, and of inferior quality

6 Reduces site constraints such as staging, weather, and security

3 Controlled factory conditions increase the predictability of quality, cost, and time

1 Must recognize the nature of modular buildings and their constraints during the design process4

1 Alters traditional design/documentation process and financing structure5

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4

Resources &
Credits

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Bibliography
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Accessed 17

June 2014.

Bernstein, Harvey M, ed. “Prefabrication and Modularization: Increasing

Productivity in the Construction Industry.” 2011. McGraw Hill

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Brough, Denise. DeLuxe Building Systems. “Modular Construction”

Presentation. Hickok Cole Architects, Washington, DC. 27 March

2014.

Cameron, P. and Di Carlo, N. Piecing Together Modular: Understanding the

Benefits and Limitations of Modular Construction Methods for Multi-family

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Garrison, James and Tweedie, Aaron. Modular Architecture Manual.

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Light Steel Framing: Design of Residential Buildings (SCI Publication

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2014.

Gurney, Robert. “25 Architects: Modular Homes” Presentation. District

Architecture Center,

Washington, DC. 19 July 2014.

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Methodologies are Poised to Transform the Building Industry. New York:

McGraw Hill, 2004.

Kobet, Robert J. “Modular Building and the USGBC’s LEED Version 3.0 2009

Building Rating System.” 2009. Modular Building Institute. Web. Accessed

19 June 2014.

Lawon, R M, Grubb, P J, Prewer, J, and Trebilcock, P J. Modular Construction

using Light Steel Framing: An Architect’s Guide (SCO Publication P272). The

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Illustration Credits
1. Perkins, Devon. “DeLuxe Building Systems factory tour.” 13 June 2014.

2. McCarthy, Peter. “Modular Architecture with Jenga blocks.” 12 September

2014.

3. Gluck+. The Stack. 2014. Web. Accessed 04 February 2014.

4. Garrison, James and Tweedie, Aaron. Modular Architecture Manual.

Kullman Buildings Corporation and Garrison Architects, 2008. “Figure 1.7.1:

Gantt chart comparison between construction schedules for modular and in-situ

construction.” Page 23.

5. Perkins, Devon. “Workers use permanent walkways and tie-offs.” 13 June

2014.

6. Perkins, Devon. “Materials and workstations.” 13 June 2014.

7. Perkins, Devon. “Metal fabrication.” 13 June 2014.

8. Perkins, Devon. “Gypsum board installation.” 13 June 2014.

9. U.S. Department of Labor. New Release USDL-14-0095: Union

Members-2013. 24 Jan 2014. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Chart 1: Union

membership rates by state, 2013 annual averages.” Web. 29 Oct 2014.

10. Brough, Denise. DeLuxe Building Systems. “Modular Construction”

Presentation. Hickok Cole Architects, Washington, DC. 27 March 2014.

11.

Robert M. Gurney, FAIA

. Sketches and photographs of BM Modular

One

in Bethesda, MD. “25 Architects: Modular Homes” Presentation. District

Architecture Center, Washington, DC. 19 July 2014.

12. Garrison Architects. NYC Parks Beach Restoration Modules. 2013. Web.

Accessed 19 June 2014.

13. Garrison Architects. NYC Emergency Housing Prototype. 2014. Web.

Accessed 19 June 2014.

14. Interface Studio Architects. The Modules at TempleTown. 2010. Web.

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15. Templetown Realty. The Modules at TempleTown. Web. Accessed 03 August

2014.

16. Hickory Group. One9. 2013. Web. Accessed 03 August 2014.

17. SHoP Architects. Atlantic Yards B2 Tower. Web. Accessed 03 August 2014.

18. Williams, Douglas. Saucier + Perrottee Architectes + HCMA. University

of British Columbia Pharmaceutical Sciences Building. 2012. Web. Accessed 30

October 2014.

19. Gluck+. The Stack. 2014. Web. Accessed 04 February 2014.

20. Y Design Office. Unit Fusion. 2012. Web.

Accessed 30 October 2014.

21. Herzog and De Meuron. 56 Leonard Street. Under construction 2014. Web.

Accessed 30 October 2014.

22. Isay Weinfeld Architect. 360º Building. 2013. Web. Accessed 30 October

2014.

23. RTA Studio. Ironbank. 2009. Web. Accessed 30 October 2014.

24. BIG. Tretorn Site Housing Competition Entry. 2011. Web. Accessed 30

October 2014.

25. Elenberg Fraser Architects. A’Beckett Tower. 2010. Web. Accessed 30

October 2014.

26. Y Design Office. Unit Fusion. 2012. Web. Accessed 30 October 2014.

27. Howeler + Yoon Architecture. Emporium towers. 2010. Web. Accessed 30

October 2014.

28. Herzog and De Meuron. Actelion Business Center. 2010. Web. Accessed 30

October 2014.

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Illustration Credits
29. Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture. Chengdu Great City Master Plan.

Web. Accessed 31 October 2014.

30. Robert M. Gurney, FAIA. Installation of module at BM Modular One

in Bethesda, MD. “25 Architects: Modular Homes” Presentation. District
Architecture Center, Washington, DC. 19 July 2014.

31. Panoramic Interests and ZETA Design+Build. Fabrication of module for 38

Harriet Street.

2014. Web. Accessed 06 June 2014.

32. DeLuxe Building Systems. Steel framing system. “Modular Construction”

Presentation. Hickok Cole Architects, Washington, DC. 27 March 2014.

33. Perkins, Devon. “Steel modules under construction at DeLuxe Building

Systems.” 13 June 2014.

34. “Figure 2.4.1: Longitudinal section showing typical opening.” Modular

Architecture

Manual. Page 39.

35. “Figure 2.4.2: Longitudinal section showing clear span.” Modular

Architecture Manual. Page 39.

36. “Figure 2.4.4: Cross section showing clear span.” Modular Architecture

Manual. Page 39.

37. Gorgolwski, M T, Grubb, P J, and Lawson R M. Modular Construction using

Light Steel Framing: Design of Residential Buildings (SCI Publication P302). The

Steel Construction Institute, 2001. Web. Accessed 18 June 2014. “Figure 3.8:

Typical separating wall in a modular building.” Page 36.

38. “Figure 3.5: Compartment floor at junction wtih external wall and

compartment wall.” Modular Construction using Light Steel Framing: Design of

Residential Buildings (SCI Publication P302). Page 37.

39. “Figure 2.4.6: Typical plan detail.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page 41.

40. “Figure 2.4.7: Typical section detail.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page 412.

41. “Figure 2.4.8: Typical Mate-line section detail.” Modular Architecture Manual.

Page 43.

42. DeLuxe Building Systems. Typical Apartment Floor Plans for Caldwell College

in Caldwell, NJ. 31 May 2006.

43. Travis Price Architects. SeaUA. 2014. Web. Accessed 10 August 2014.

44. Lawton, Joanne. “Brookland’s Shipping Container Apartments.” The

Washington Business Journal. 21 July 2014. Web. Accessed 10 August 2014.

45. Perkins, Devon. “DeLuxe Building Systems factory.” 13 June 2014.

46. Perkins, Devon. “Metal fabrication plant.” 13 June 2014.

47. Perkins, Devon. “Concrete pads ready for installation.” 13 June 2014.

48. Perkins, Devon. “DeLuxe Building Systems assembly line.” 13 June 2014.

49. Perkins, Devon. “Millwork construction.” 13 June 2014.

50. Perkins, Devon. “Temporary weatherproofing installation.” 13 June 2014.

51. Garrison Architects. NYC Emergency Housing Prototype. 2014. Web.

Accessed 19 June 2014.

52. Perkins, Devon. “Temporary weatherproofing.” 13 June 2014.

53. “Figure 2.4.10: Foundation detail.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page 45.

54. “Figure 2.4.11: Piloti foundation.” Modular Architecture Manual.

Page 45.

55. “Figure 2.4.12: Perimeter basement foundation.” Modular Architecture Manual.

Page 45.

56. Ewing, James. Michael Maltzan Architecture. Star Apartments. 2013. Web.

Accessed 02 February 2014.

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57. “Figure 3.2.7: 75 ton luffing jib crane, commonly used in modular

construction.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page 65.

58. “Figure 5.3: Various methods of lifting modular units.” Modular

Construction using Light Steel Framing: Design of Residential Buildings (SCI

Publication P302). Page 75.

59. “Figure 3.2.1: Craning site plan: Pierson College, New Haven, CT.” Modular

Architecture Manual. Page 60.

60. DeLuxe Building Systems. Installation of modular units. “Modular

Construction” Presentation. Hickok Cole Architects, Washington, DC. 27 March

2014.

61. Panoramic Interests and ZETA Design+Build. Installation of modular units

at 38 Harriet Street. 2014. Web. Accessed 18 June 2014.

62. “Figure 3.2.12: Blind rivet section.” Modular

Architecture Manual. Page

68.

63. “Figure 3.2.11: Setting pin section.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page 68.

64. “Figure 3.2.12: Setting pin identification, underside of module.” Modular

Architecture Manual. Page 68.

65. “Figure 3.2.14: Stacking of modules.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page

68.

66. “Figure 3.2.15: Fastening of modules.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page

68.

67. “Figure 2.4.9: Roof Types.” Modular Architecture Manual. Page 44.

68. “Figure 4.21: Flat roof detail with parapet.” Modular Construction using

Light Steel Framing: Design of Residential Buildings (SCI Publication P302).

Page 66.

69. Interface Studio Architects. The Modules at TempleTown. 2010. Web.

Accessed 03 August 2014.

Illustration Credits
70. Garrison Architects. Lehman Child Care Center. 2013. Web. Accessed 19

June 2014.

71. SHoP Architects. Atlantic Yards B2 Tower. Web. Accessed 03 August 2014.

72. DeLuxe Building Systems. Installation of modular units. “Modular

Construction” Presentation. Hickok Cole Architects, Washington, DC. 27 March 2014.

73. DeLuxe Building Systems. Stair modules. “Modular Construction”

Presentation. Hickok Cole Architects, Washington, DC. 27 March 2014.

74. “Figure 2.4.14: Possible stair configuration (facing wall removed for clarity).

Modular Architecture Manual. Page 47.

75. “Figure 2.4.13: Possible elevator configuration. Modular Architecture Manual.

Page 46.

76. Perkins, Devon. “Service shaft.” 13 June 2014.

77. “Figure 4.22: Typical service duct in a modular hotel.” Modular Construction

using Light Steel Framing: Design of Residential Buildings (SCI Publication P302).

Page 67.

78. Robert M. Gurney, FAIA. Photographs of BM Modular One in Bethesda,

MD. “25 Architects: Modular Homes” Presentation. District Architecture Center,

Washington, DC. 19 July 2014.

79. Garrison Architects. NYC Emergency Housing Prototype interior. 2014. Web.

Accessed 19 June 2014.

80. Panoramic Interests and ZETA Design+Build. Unit interior of 38 Harriet Street.

2014. Web. Accessed 06 June 2014.

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Acknowledgments
Hickok Cole Architects
Mike Hickok, Yolanda Cole, John Bisch, Mark Ramirez, Devon
Perkins, Elba Morales, Jessica Sticklor-Lipson, Erika Miller, Mercedes
Afshar, Kate Maxwell, Lucia Tang, John Lang, Walter Ploskon, Charu
McDermott, Katie Klos, Matt Starr, Fanny Gonzalez, and all of my
colleagues who participated in the Jenga architecture happy hour.

DeLuxe Building Systems
Denise Brough, Director of Business Development

Davis Construction
James Davis, President
Steven Phillips, Vice President – Estimating

CityInterests
Chris Furlong, Associate

US Bank Commercial Real Estate
Fran Doherty, Assistant Relationship Manager

Page
Saul Zapata, Senior Technical Designer

Robert M. Gurney, FAIA

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