There are TWO tasks that you would need to do( they are separate): 

Task 1 (Minimum 250 words): 

–  How would you describe the schools of ethical thought? 

– Minimum two references. 

TASK 2:

Write a reply to the two responses in the attached document ( Response 1 and Response 2) with 250 words for each. 

There should be no plagiarism. Attach a plagiarism report with 0 % similarity index.

Ethics are a set of rules which help in governing the society in the right direction and also help in setting up the right expectations for the general population. There are religious beliefs which in turn have a function in defining the ethics of the society. The objective here is that there is a divine being which provides guidance in choosing the right character for a person to act on. When we look at ethical egoism, it speaks to the individual characteristics of a person and takes that everyone acts out of their own self-interest. This thought in itself has its pros and cons because in theory every individual has its own thoughts and belief systems, and it will have a tendency to create conflict within the society. As per the Hobbesian theory, the counterbalance to the ethical egoism is to have a greater control of the government in the society. This theory is more aligned with the fact that will tone down the selfishness of a person.

           Adam Smith’s perception on the other hand is more fine-tuned towards the fact that even though people act of self-interest, there is an underlying inertia which drives people in different direction and differs to that of a selfish propaganda. The utilitarian theory sounds very good at the surface but has its own flaws because bringing greater good to the maximum number of people has its own flaws. In closing, I’d go with what Ayn Rand’s belief system is about ethical egoism which says that the world can be a better place if we did not have any guilt for making any choice during a dilemma.

Ethics are a set of moral ideals that human society will follow for overall benefit to mankind. This is not to say everyone follows the same ethics. According to an article by Ovchinnikova, Bartashevich & Chumakova (2020), Russian Philosophy professors “proclaim and justify the importance of science of moralizing as first and necessary stage of moral improvement of a person and beginning of all knowledge”. Ethics are complex and there are different types of philosophers who favor different schools of ethics.

“Virtue ethics” was popular with philosophers like Aristotle who believed that one should center their development around positive human virtues such bravery or kindness to provide a great foundation of life. This way, humans can understand their own nature and build their society positively. A different ethical school of thought is “consequentialism” which judges whether an action is correct or incorrect, largely by the consequences of the action. This means that if a painful/bad action will prevent a large chain reaction of bad decisions then it would be judged as a potentially good action. Let’s say that I punish my children when they try to jump off the roof, then I am using a punishment action to discipline my children. These children in turn will not try to jump off the roof again due to fear of punitive discipline. This would be considered a positive action in consequentialism ethics. Another school of ethical thought is “Deontology”. This ethical school of thought believes that there are strict rules that everyone must follow. A person’s life must adhere to these strict rules to be a functioning member of society. For me, virtue ethics is the best fit. Which would be best fit in your opinion?