Submit 1-2 formal paragraphs with at least 5 sentences in response to two different classmates posts. The response should be respectful and contribute to class discussion. Provide at least one academic or credible source. Use APA 6th edition for both in-text citations and references. 

Submit 1-2

formal paragraphs with at least 5 sentences in response to two different classmates posts. The response should be respectful and contribute to class discussion. Provide at least one academic or credible source. Use APA 6th edition for both in-text citations and references.

Victor Musa 

WEEK 2 DISCUSSION

COLLAPSE

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Week 2 Discussion

1. A friend asks you to help them stop smoking. What behavior change theory from chapter 4 would you use to develop the intervention to help your friend? Defend why you selected this theory and explain how you would apply each of the constructs (key concepts).

ANS). If a friend seek help from me to help him stop smoking, the behavioral change theory I would use to develop intervention in order to help that friend will be Intrapersonal (Individual) theories. The reason is these theories focus on the individual and as well focus and use factors within that individual like knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, self-concept, development history, past experiences, motivation, skills, and behavior to develop better intervention. This theory is also referred to as continuum theory, which identifies variables like beliefs, attitudes etc, that influence actions (Cottrell, R. R, 2017). I believe that using this theory will prepare me better to help my friend, because the theory to a large extent focus on the strength and weakness of an individual. However, learning about the strength and weakness of my friend will put me in a better position to help that friend with that problem of smoking in a positive way. The intrapersonal or individual theories has some constructs or concepts that I can also use or apply to educate my friend and help him/her quit smoking. One example of the constructs is the Health Belief Model (HBM). This model deals with the individual’s perceptions of the threat pose by a health problem i.e, susceptibility and severity, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act, like for instance, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. I will apply this concept by educating my friend on the negative effects of smoking and using tobacco, like for instance, smoking or tobacco use will cause cancer, lung problems, damage his teeth, and consequently, death. Another concept I can apply is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP). This concept explains not just health behavior but all volitional behaviors or behaviors that can be performed at will. It states that individuals’ intention to perform a given behavior is a function of their attitude toward performing the behavior, their beliefs about what relevant others think they should do, and their perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior. For instance, smoking or tobacco use as a behavior not fully under volitional control, the TBP suggest that a person will give up smoking or tobacco use if he/she has a positive attitude towards quitting, thinks that others whom they value believe it would be good for them to quit, perceive that they have control over whether or not they quit, and have the skills, resources, and other prerequisites needed to quit.  Another concept I will apply is the Elaborate Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM). This concept was designed as a persuasive tool aimed at changing attitudes. I will apply this concept to convince or persuade my friend to stop smoking, by explaining the health benefit of quitting smoking. However, there many other concepts under intrapersonal/individual theories I can use to help my friend quit smoking, like for instances, Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill Model, Transtheoretical Model of Change, and more.

2.  Refer to Activity #1 scenario at the end of chapter 5. You have been asked to fudge the data. What will you do? Use the 10 step decision-making process in chapter 5 to explain your answer.

ANS). As public health personnel I will use my ethical judgement and take the following steps to determine whether fudging the data will be the good thing to do or not. Firstly, I will define the problem/concern, identify the ethical issue(s), clarify the facts, and seek answers to relevant questions. Second, I will identify the individuals, groups, and organizations that are likely to be affected by the report I will make, and what stakes that they have in the outcome. When making an ethical decision, it is important to understand all who will be impacted because one solution may create additional ethical problems for others. Third, contemplate the ultimate goals and ideals for which a moral person will strive for always. Fourth, I will identify all the possible alternatives to solving the problem but not fudge the data, and the potential benefits and risks of each. It is important to brainstorm the various alternatives to help organize subsequent analysis. Fifth, I will consider the probable consequences of each alternative, Look at both the short- and long-term consequences of each alternative. Sixth, I will consider the nature of the alternatives. Seventh, I will do a self-reflection. Eighth, I will reflect on my society and my environment, and determine if my action will mesh with that of society and the environment. Ninth, I will apply the categorical imperative or the right and just decision, because I will want my course of action to be a role model for others. I believe that If others were to be faced with the same decision, I would want them to act in the same vein. Tenth, I will choose the best alternative, provide a reasoned justification for the choice, and act courageously and decisively, monitor and evaluate the results, and if necessary make adjustments. In order words I will not do what my boss wants me to do by fudging the data, rather I will do the right thing.

Reference

Cottrell, R. R (January, 2017) Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and Education, 7th Edition

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Teresa Bingham 

week 2

COLLAPSE

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1.)If I was going to help a friend quit smoking I would probably use the transtheoretical model. This way it could be broken down into stage and they would not have to stop abruptly because that can be hard for people. With the transtheoretical model they could follow the steps 1) precontemplation ( they have not intention to quit ) 2) contemplation ( they begin to think about quitting ) 3) preparation ( they make a commitment to quit and start planning ) 4) action ( they have a plan for quitting ) 5) maintenance ( they successfully quit for at least 6 months ) In this model there are certain goals for them took reach before they can move on and things are broken down so it may be easier for them to achieve.” For individuals progressing through the Stages of Change for tobacco use cessation, certain techniques or strategies may be more useful at a particular stage of change.” ( Diclemente, 2003 ) As they go through the process other things may arise for them as well like learning more about the negative affects of smoking and their realtionships with others. This could help further encourage them to continue on with their commitment. I feel like this would be the best way to help my friend so they are slowly achieving their goal and learning more about themself at the same time. Having the behavior broken down in steps and being able to see themself reach each goal could encourage them more for long term success.

2.) In this situation I would not “fudge” the data because to me that is ethically wrong. In thie 10 step process I would consider each step 1) I would identify the problem, which is my supervisor is lying and essentially stealing money for their own pleasure and this is ethically wrong. 2) I would identify who would be affected which would be myslef, my supervisor, fellow coworkers and the company. 3) contemplate the ultimate goals I would want to do what is ethically right and think about how to handle the ethical issue. 4) I would consider the alternatives which would be confronting my supervisor myslef, taking it to HR to help since this is my supervisor who is higher up than I am, or I could just ignore the situation all together. 5) Consequences for the alternatives if I confront my supervisor myself they could become angry with me or continue to do what they have been doing. If I go to HR they could better help me but my supervisor could still become angry with me for saying something. If I just ignore it it would continue and I could be putting my own job at risk. 6) nature of the alternatives I would not feel like i was doing anything wrong if i approached my supervisor about the situation or if I said something to HR about it. 7) Reflect on myslef I know that it is morally wrong and I would want to do the right thing. I would not be worried about how other may think of me for saying something because I would be following my own morals and beliefs. 8) Society and the environment I feel like society would agree that I should say something and for the sake of my coworkers and the company I work for that would be the right thing to do. 9) Apply the categorical iperative, here I know I have to do something I can not just ignore it, I would not be a good employee myself if I let it go on and would think this is what my coworkers would want me to do or what they themselves would do in the situation. 10) Act I think I would go to HR with the situation, being that this is my supervisor I would not want them to feel a certain way if I approached myself. Also those in HR are trained to deal with these types of situations and would be a great help to me.

References: 

DiClemente, C.C. (2003). Addiction and change: How addictions develop and addicted people recover. New York: The Guilford Press.

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