Assignment Instructions

PROJECT: ANALYZING THE DATA SET USING DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Now that you have your unique survey data in Excel, you can perform descriptive statistics with the tools we learned at the beginning of the course.

• Windows PC users: For installing an Analysis ToolPak add-in, please use your HELP feature in your version of Microsoft Excel.
• Mac users: StatPlus: Mac LE is the free equivalent for Apple users, but you must download it from AnalystSoft. Note: Excel 2016 now has an available Toolpak add-in.

Make sure you have watched the

Week 7 Project Video

. Your instructor walks you through the process.

Assignment Instructions

Complete this assignment on one Excel sheet. Access and review the

Analyzing the Data Set Using Descriptive Statistics [XLSX]

.

Include the following components in your analysis of the data:

Part 1

Analyze the data for questions 1, 2, 3, and 4 (binary questions). Your analysis must have the following elements:

• Sample Size.
• Sample Proportion of each response.
• Bar Chart or Pie Chart.

Part 2

Analyze the data for Questions 5 and 6. Your analysis must have the following elements:

• Sample mean.
• Sample median.
• Sample mode.
• Sample range.
• Sample standard deviation.
• Sample minimum and maximum.
• Histogram.

Part 3

Explore your data a bit further. What are two interesting findings from your survey responses? You might investigate responses for selected variables based on responses to your binomial questions. For example, if the answer to question 1 were Male or Female, and the answer to question 6 were Annual Income, you might examine average annual income for males only and females only and compare these results.

Present your findings in an appropriate table, graph, or chart. Then, write in the same Excel spreadsheet a 1–2 paragraph summary of your findings.

Notes

• Technology: You may need to sort or rearrange your original data file to accomplish some of these tasks. Be sure you keep a copy of your original data file as a backup.
• Results: Because the survey data generation is done without context, you will have to put aside any preconceived notions about how your data should look. Your task is to analyze, interpret, and communicate the unique results.
• Binary Question: For the responses to Questions 1–4, you will need to assign the survey responses to 0s and 1s generated for questions 1–4 in columns A through D. The generator automatically generates 0s and 1s for the responses to your binary questions (1–4). The tool does not know your questions or possible responses for these questions. Assign 0 to one of your possible responses and assign 1 to the other possible response. For example, if you asked: “Are you male of female?” you could assign Male = 0 and Female = 1, or vice versa. It is up to you which response to assign 0 and which to assign 1.

Submission and Verification Instructions

1. When you have completed this assignment, submit your Excel spreadsheet containing Parts 1–3, to your instructor in the Analyzing the Data Set Using Descriptive Statistics Assignment area. Format your findings with appropriate, legible labels.
2. Verify you have included all of the elements for Parts 1–3 before submitting. You should have:

   Four bar graphs (or four pie charts), one each for questions 1–4.
   Two histograms, one each for questions 5 and 6.
   Two tables, graphs, or charts to represent interesting findings from your survey responses. Include a 1–2 paragraph summary of your findings.

3. Refer to the Analyzing the Data Set Using Descriptive Statistics Scoring Guide before submitting to ensure your assignment meets the grading criteria.

EXAMPLE

1

1 1 1

0 1 0 0

0

0 1 1 0

1 1 1 0

0 0 1 0 20 0
1 1 0 0

0

1 1 0 0

0 1 1 1 49 0
1 1 1 1

0

1 0 0 1

0

1 0 1 1 49

0 1 1 0

0

0 0 1 1

0

1 0 1 0

0

0 1 1 0

0294

1 1 1 0 18 0
0 1 1 0 27

1 0 0 1 18 0
0 0 0 1 28 0
1 0 1 1 18 0
1 1 0 1 18 0
0 1 1 0

0

1 0 1 0 28

0 1 0 1 36

5152

0 0 0 1 24

1 0 1 0

75

0 0 0 1

0 1 0 0 21 0
0 1 0 0 18

1 0 0 1 18 0

																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																									0								3		6	31		4						49
		4		7
		29	1409			20
			83			74612
		76
		71			257751
		34
					24
3572			27
		56
		54
																						18
									28					15
		50043
		52
		127983
				21
		124033
		41				61	65
		19			207476
		56457

EXAMPLE (Part 1):
Here is my data exactly how it appeared in the original spreadsheet I downloaded.
Each row represents one survey respondent (person), and each column represents one question.
You must save a copy of your data EXACTLY LIKE THIS so that you can tie together your responses for analysis. In other words, you must k

no

w how EACH respondent answered for all six questions, by looking at each ROW, so that you can draw conclusions and discuss your results (this will be done in Weeks 9 and

10

).
Refer to the corresponding assignment scoring guide for how your assignment will be scored.

EXAMPLE 2

0 0 0 0 18 0

0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0

0 0 0 0 19 0
0 0 0 0 20 0
0 0 0 0 21 0
0 0 0 0 24 0

0 0 0 0 24 0

0 0 0 0 27 0
0 1 1 0 28 0

0 1 1 0 28 0

1 1 1 0 28 0
1 1 1 0 29 0
1 1 1 1 34

1 1 1 1 36 50043
1 1 1 1 36 56457
1 1 1 1 41 74612
1 1 1 1 47 124033
1 1 1 1 49 127983
1 1 1 1 49

1 1 1 1 52 150294
1 1 1 1 54 207476
1 1 1 1 56

1 1 1 1 71 257751
1 1 1 1 76

1 1 1 1 83

	31449
	140920
	215152
	357227
616575

EXAMPLE (part 2):
Here I have sorted my data from smallest to largest in each column.
I have done this so that I can easily find the mode/s. Reminder: a data set can have one mode, no mode, or multiple modes.
To sort your data, follow these steps:
1. Highlight the entire column (make sure to not miss any values).
2. Right click and select “sort” and then “sort smallest to largest.”

3. Next, a pop up window will appear. Select “continue with the current selection” and click “sort.”

4. Do this for each of your six columns to sort your results.
5. You do NOT need to provide me with a copy of your unsorted data – this is for your use only. For the assignment that you will submit to me, please just include your SORTED data.

EXAMPLE 3

0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 18 0
0 0 0 0 19 0
0 0 0 0 20 0
0 0 0 0 21 0
0 0 0 0 24 0
0 0 0 0 24 0
0 0 0 0 27 0
0 1 1 0 28 0
0 1 1 0 28 0
1 1 1 0 28 0
1 1 1 0 29 0
1 1 1 1 34 31449
1 1 1 1 36 50043
1 1 1 1 36 56457
1 1 1 1 41 74612
1 1 1 1 47 124033
1 1 1 1 49 127983
1 1 1 1 49 140920
1 1 1 1 52 150294
1 1 1 1 54 207476
1 1 1 1 56 215152
1 1 1 1 71 257751
1 1 1 1 76 357227
1 1 1 1 83 616575

ary Questions

28 0

18 0

8515.221147813

18 0

15

13

83 616575

15 no

65 616575

0.43

0.5 0.57 0.57 0.43

yes 13 yes 17
no 17 no 13
Bin

17

4

6

0

3

Bin Frequency

21

4

3

1

0

1

yes 6 yes 7
no 7 no 10

35.27	80332.40		MEAN	Pie Charts for		Bin
	MEDIAN
	MODE		Question 1		Question 2
18.69				13		STDEV
	MIN	Male					yes
	MAX	Female				17
	RANGE
	0.5			0.43			0.57		“p” proportion
	“q” proportion
	Question 3		Question 4
	Histograms for Continuous Questions
	Question 5
	Frequency
18 – 30
31 – 43
44 – 56
57 – 69
70 – 83
	Question 6
0-100,000
100,001-199,999
200,000-299,999
300,000-399,999
400,000-499,999
500,000-616,575
	Interesting findings in the form of a table
	Interesting findings in the form of a graph
Beliefs of those with BS/BA or higher	Beliefs of those without BS/BA

EXAMPLE (part 3): Remember—scroll ALL the way DOWN this document, AND all the way to the RIGHT.
Now, with my sorted data, I can proceed to analysis using descriptive statistics.
You can follow this example to help you complete the assignment. On the next tab you will find the REQUIRED template.
The following elements must be present in your submission:
1. Proportion values for each of your four binary questions.
2. Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, range, minimum, maximum for your two continuous questions.
3. A bar graph or pie chart for each of your binary questions (4 total graphs).
4. A histogram for each of your continuous questions (2 total graphs).
5. Interesting findings presented in the form of a table AND a graph.
To calculate the mean, median, standard deviation, range, min, and max, you should use Excel formulas.To use Excel formulas, click on the fx button at the top (it is near the top where you type. Then, select the “Statistical” Category for formulas. When you select each formula, you will be prompted to highlight the range values – simply highlight one question (column) at a time, and be sure to include all the values and not accidentally miss one. Below, I have listed the names/abbreviations of all the formulas in Excel.
Hint: you can click on each of the cells to the left to see the formula that I used when calculating the values – you should use that formula too. Extra hint: YouTube has thousands of Excel tutorials – feel free to search for extra help if something doesn’t quite “click” 🙂
Mean = MEAN        
Median = MEDIAN      
Mode = MODE        
Standard Deviation = STDEV  
Min = MIN        
Max = MAX
Range: =MAX-MIN
       
Note you will need to manually find the mode. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data set. Remember that there can be one mode, multiple modes, or no mode.
Proportions:
“p” represents the proportion of “0” responses that you received.
“q” reprsents the proportion of “1” responses that you received.

To find “p”, divide the number of “0” responses by the number of total responses. Round as necessary.
To find “q”, divide the number of “1” responses by the number of total respones. Round as necessary.

EXAMPLE 3

Are you male or female?

TEMPLATE REQUIRED

Do you hold at least a Bachelor’s degree?

Do you believe that GMOs are dangerous?

Could you provide a summary of how GMOs are created and what risks have been found?

How to create Pie Charts
Click on the white area of this pie chart I have created to the right. You will see the data that I highlighted and
used to make the pie chart.
You must input this data for each of your binary questions and highlight it with your mouse. Then, at the top of the screen, select “Insert” and then “Pie.”
If you need extra help formatting your charts there are many excellent and helpful tutorial videos on YouTube.
How to create Histograms
Class, creating the histograms will likely be the most challening part of the Unit 7 project, but the following tutorial will make it a lot easier! 🙂
First, what is a histogram? A histogram is a graphical representaton of frequency distribution. It shows a simple and clear picture of how many times values that fall within a certain range occur. Let’s say that one of your continuous questions is: how old are you? An effective graphical representation is to show how many people fall within a certain age bracket. For this, we use the histogram.
Let’s focus on my 5th question (which is the first continous question), which was, “how old are you?” My min value is 18 and my max value is 83. My range is 65.
Steps:
1. My first step is to divide the range into even “classes” (bins). In this case I choose to divide my range into 5 classes of width 13. If you do not have a number that is wholly divisible, round up to the next whole number.
2. Now, I will create a frequency distribution table. This table will show how many values fall within the classes that I identified above. Follow
the black arrow to see the frequency distribution table. In the left column you will need to enter your class min and max values exactly as shown with the dash in between them. In the right column, count the number of values from your data set that fall within each range, and enter that number.
3. Next, you must highlight both of the columns. To see what data has been highlighted, just click on one of the histograms that I have created to the right and you will see the highlight appear around the data.
4. Once you have done this, click the “Insert” button at the top:

5. Next click on “Column” and then select the first 2D option:

6. Now, a bar graph will appear. But remember that the bars must have NO GAPS between each other in order for it to be a histogram. The way to do this is:
7. Right-click one of the bars and select “format data series.”

8. Next, slide the cursor to the “no gap” side.

9. Finally, you can add a title to your Histogram, as well as titles for the horizontal and vertical axes. In Excel 2007, you can do this by clicking on the histogram itself and then selecting the layout tab from the ribbon. You will see many options that you can experiment with to format your graph.
10. Reminder about histograms. Remember – the important thing to think about when creating your histogram is that it is a CLEAR and EFFECTIVE visual. So, let’s say that you have only 5 possible values for one of your continuous questions. In this case, it is OK for each BAR to represent only ONE value because there are only 5 values and the graph will not be cluttered. However, let’s say that you have a range of 200 possible values as the answer. In this case, each BAR must represent a RANGE of values, otherwise the graph will be too cluttered if you have 200 bars.
Example of inappropriate histogram:
Why is this histogram inappropriate and ineffective? As you can see, the range of values is quite large, from 23 to 99, so it is not a a good idea to have one bar per each value. The graph is busy, cluttered, and not easy to decipher. In this instance, it would have been much better for each bar to represent a RANGE of values.
Age Range
Frequency
Age Histogram
Income Range
Frequency
Income Histogram

BS/BA or higher

No BS/BA

Question 1 Question 2
MEAN

Place your pie chart or bar graph here

MEDIAN
MODE
STDEV
MIN
MAX
RANGE Question 3 Question 4
“p” proportion
“q” proportion
Place your pie chart or bar graph here Place your pie chart or bar graph here

Histograms for Continuous Questions
Question 5

Question 6
Place your frequency distribution table here Place your histogram here
Interesting findings in the form of a table

Interesting findings in the form of a graph

Pie Charts for Binary Questions
			Place your pie chart or bar graph here
	Place your frequency distribution table here		Place your histogram here
Place your table here
Place your graph here
Interesting Findings Explained:
Please explain your interesting findings with at least one full paragraph of text here.

Do you believe that GMOs are dangerous?
Do you believe that GMOs are dangerous?
Interesting Findings Explained:
I was interested to know if having a college degree would be related to people’s beliefs about the dangers of GMOs. As my “interesting findings” table and graphs above show, 46% of the people who hold a Bachelor’s degree or higher believe that GMOs are dangerous, whereas 41% of the people who do not hold a Bachelor’s degree believe that GMOs are dangerous. This is not a profound difference, but it is still noticeable and worth mentioning. It is my belief that lack of information on the subject of GMOs leads people to falsely believe that GMOs are not dangerous. I speculate that the difference in beliefs in the two groups outlined above might be accounted for by the consideration that people who obtain a BS/BA or higher might be more naturally curious and seek out information on various topics. Additionally, college is a social and intellecutal community that provides for a greater exposure to ideas and information, which might not be as true in a non-college environment. However, these are just my speculations and a lot of further research would need to be carried out on the topic to provide any conclusive results.
Note that the min/max/range values here represent the actual SAMPLE data that I received, and may not necessarily match to my min/max values from Unit 3
Here I just manually counted how many values fall within the “bins” (classes” I identified.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Please create new/
original graphs for the interesting
findings section, rather than just pasting graphs that were already created in part 1 above.
How did I make this table? I just manually counted how many people fall in each of the categories I created and manually entered these values in Excel. There is no “function” in Excel to automatically create this table.
You must place your SORTED (smallest to largest) data here.
You can delete this text box and the arrow and then use as many rows as necessary to place all of your data towards the left.
This Template is required. You must place all of your work as outlined below. Note: You are welcome to shift cells and rows up or down and left or right to accomodate any need for extra space. However, the basic format of your submission must adhere to this template.
Bonus hints to make your life easier 🙂
1. Did you accidentally make a mistake? Delete something you didn’t mean to? Hit Control + z and it will undo the last action. You can repeat this several times to delete multiple actions.
2. Remember that you can easily resize graphs by clicking inside the graph and dragging the corners.
3. To write inside Excel, click on “Insert” then “shapes” and then click the square icon with the letter “A” in it, which will insert a text box like this one. You can expand the size by clicking inside the text box and then dragging the corners.
Helpful hint: Suppose your project is looking very good, but you forgot to include a portion and need to clear some space and insert some information. Simply highlight an entire row of cells, right click, then “insert” and “shift cells down” (or to any other direction). You can press “control + y” to repeat the action (shift the cells again to clear more space) or “control + z” to undo the action.

Design a Focused Survey Template

Your Name: Shamora Kitchens

Date: 2/2/2020

Instructions: Record your responses on the template below each question and submit your completed template to the appropriate assignment. Do not change any of the items on the template except to add or delete space.

Refer to the corresponding assignment scoring guide for how your assignment will be scored.

=======================================================================

State the population of your study. You should be able to do this in one to three sentences. Include specific characteristics including age range, gender, location, and any other identifiers that are unique and relevant to your population. Justify why this is the best population for the study.

My target population is 1000 Americans in the United States ranging from the age 13 and up. I believe this is the best population to use for my study because obesity starts at an early age, and it is rapidly growing in the United States. The minimum age is set to 13 years of age which would include a parent consent. Some participants would need consent from a parent or guardian. Participants 18 years old and up has no requirement of consent considering they are legal.

EXAMPLE:

My target population is 1000 American residents residing in any state, ages 18 plus. I believe this is the best population to use for my study because I would like to focus on the attitudes of American residents towards GMOs specifically. The minimum age is set to 18 so that the participants can give their consent, and no other limitations are set on the population, to provide for varied and diverse population demographics.

Describe your sampling strategy. Write at least one paragraph describing your sampling strategy, how you would attempt to conduct your survey, and any potential issues that might affect your survey results. You should use one of the following techniques: random, stratified, cluster, systematic, or convenience. Your choice of strategy should be based on the purpose of your survey and your population. Explain why this is the best chosen sampling strategy.

The sampling strategy I would use is random sampling. Random sampling strategy would be very beneficial to this topic about obesity. This is the best-chosen sampling strategy because in this study females and males are being randomly picked from ages 13 and up. This voluntary participation matter because everyone is not comfortable about their weight.

EXAMPLE:

My sampling strategy is random sampling. Because about 95 percent of homes have a phone, I would follow the same reliable procedure that the Gallup poll surveyors do: a computer would be used to create a list of every possible telephone number, and from this list, 1000 phone numbers would be randomly selected (Newport, Saad, & Moore, 1997).

If this sampling strategy were used incorrectly (for instance if the sample size were not large enough), the sample would not be truly representative of the larger US population, and therefore the results would not necessarily be valid.

Hint: Read the textbook for detailed explanations of sampling methods.

Reference

Newport, F., Saad, L., & Moore, D. (1997). How polls are conducted. In Where America Stands. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Provide your survey questions, minimums, maximums, and typical responses: Follow the guidelines in the courseroom for the Project: Designing a Focused Survey assignment. Discuss why these are the best questions and justify your estimated values for the means.

Question

Question Type

Typical Response

Minimum

Maximum

Are you a male or female?

Binary

0.5

n/a

n/a

What is race/ ethnicity?

Binary

0.5

n/a

n/a

What is your current weight?

Binary

0.5

n/a

n/a

What is your favorite food?

Binary

0.5

n/a

n/a

How old are you?

Quantitative

16
(average)

13

1000

How many times do you eat per day?

Quantitative

3

3

5

EXAMPLE:

Question

Question Type

Typical Response

Min.

Max.

1. Are you male or female?

Binary

 .5

N/A

N/A

2. Do you hold at least a bachelor’s-level degree?

Binary

 .5

N/A

N/A

3. Do you believe that GMOs are dangerous?

Binary

 .5

N/A

N/A

4. If asked to provide a specific summary of how GMOs are created and what potential risk factors have been identified, do you feel confident that you could accurately do so?

Binary

 .5

N/A

N/A

5. How old are you?

Quantitative

 37 (average)

18

 115

6. What is your yearly income?

Quantitative

 35,000 (average)

 0

 2,000,000

EXAMPLE:

The questions I have chosen are the best questions to use, because they are brief and direct, so that survey participants have a clear idea of what is being asked. The questions are also nonbiased. Additionally, the questions I have chosen specifically focus on variables that I am interested in examining such as age, gender, and educational level. I am interested to know if beliefs and attitudes related to GMOs correlate with these variables. For questions 3 and 4, I arrived at my estimations by reviewing websites and statistical studies related to GMOs.

The questions I have chosen are the best questions to use because they are to the point. The questions are clear and very respectful to help the participants feel comfortable. These types of questions will help determine a certain age obesity starts and the poor dieting that is causing the problem. These types of questions will help find out what race suffers from obesity and must be studied further.

1

1 0

2

0 0 0 0

3

0 0 1 0 17 2
0 0 1 0

2

1 0 1 0

2

0 0 0 0

2

1 0 0 0 19 2
1 0 1 0 16 2
0 0 1 0

2

0 0 1 0 15 2

0 0 0 0 16 2
1 0 0 0 18 2
0 0 0 0 15 2
0 0 0 0 18 1
1 0 0 0 15 2
1 0 0 0 20 2
1 0 1 0 15 2
0 0 1 0 19 1

1 0 0 0 15 2
1 0 0 0 18 2
0 0 1 0 16 2

1 0 1 0 18 2

1 0 0 0 15 2
1 0 1 0 17 2
1 0 0 0 20 2
0 0 0 0 18 2

1 0 1 0 20 1

1 0 1 0 17 2
0 0 1 0 17 2

0 0 0 0 19 2

Q																																		1	Q																										2	Q	3	Q4	Q5	Q6
																																																																																								0					17
			20
			16
			19
					18
						15