Please respond to the discussions in the document.

Text Book : 

James D. McKeen, Heather A. Smith, IT Strategy: Issues and Practices, Third Edition. Pearson, 2015, ISBN-13

978-0-13-354424-4.

Chapter 1, “Developing and Delivering on the IT

Value Proposition”

Chapter 2, “Developing IT Strategy for Business

Value”

Chapter 3, “Linking IT to Business Metrics”

organization LeadershipMsit Pearson

CHAPTER-1

Discussion

1

1)

Discussion

COLLAPSE

IT value: Information Technology is used everywhere in the world. Information technology provides many services to other organizations and ends users such as by providing computer services, network services, hosting the applications and sites and other engineering applications. IT organizations price their services from their clients and customers. Many clients think that service providers are costing them more because they only know a few benefits about the services they are taking. For this service providers need to communicate and explain IT value with their customers, the benefits and features they are getting in it.

The IT value is realized when every product and service is analyzed and its benefits are used completely by the organization. This helps to make decisions about investment in new technology.

Reference:

Meyer, N. D. (2007, December 1). IT Value: What It Really Means. Retrieved from https://www.cio.com/article/2437551/it-value–what-it-really-means.html.

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Week 1 – Discussion Attachment

COLLAPSE

IT value is defined as capturing and understanding the business value derived from both financial and economical in information technology which consists of various components and systems. IT value consists of various category which include revenue quantity quality and cost. IT value is determined based on the organizational performance and the impact of information technology both at a higher level and medium level and organization hierarchy (John, 2003). IT value comprises of efficiency impact and competitive level impact. The IT value is understood by various means of technologies like using business intelligence and other data science technology is to understand the customer and what can be provided to create value internally as well as to any client. The organization’s ethics and industrial standards will elevate the IT value of a company. IT value provides detailed information about the organization process and their correlation between the employees and their ideas and approach towards implementation and other projects.

Information technology is realized when the organization is not performing as per their industrial standards, The rectification is can be made by the senior executives and other decision-makers whether the IT value is being fulfilled internally and externally. The most important thing about IT realization is organization is justifying the services to the client (John, 2003)

References

:

Glaser, John. (2003). Analyzing information technology value. Healthcare financial management : journal of the Healthcare Financial Management Association. 57. 98-100, 102, 104.

Lee, Byungtae & Menon, Nirup. (2000). Information Technology Value Through Different Normative Lenses.. J. of Management Information Systems. 16. 99-120. 10.1080/07421222.2000.11518267.

CHAPTER-1 Discussion 2

3)

Week 1 Discussion

Principles for delivering value

In almost all sections, IT can be defined as worth of a thing or generally as its desirability; IT description manly depend on the organization’s views on the performance and the uses that mean it’s tied on a business model (McKeen & Smith, 2015).

The five principles for delivery value are:

Clear and distinctively value principle: It explains the process of management; according to this principle, it makes sure that any object that has been developed its tracked well. This principle allows the managing team and those who utilize the IT to make a decision or revisit the portfolio and find out if this can be changed (Dubey201

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. it also spends mostly on strategic and infrastructural projects; it develops a realization of value

The second principle emphasis on the chunks of value- this principle concentrates mainly on the critical areas. It focuses on small projects and ensuring that the value that has been delivered in those series are stable; in this principle, long and short term goals are well-adjusted.

The third principle focuses on the technology value in terms of holistic orientation aspects-It concentrations mainly on technology management, people, and process. Moreover, in the creation of impact of technology, this principle policy of technology is impacted in business (Bonham, 2005).

The fourth principle intends to show that technology initiatives are possessed jointly, it ensures that managerial financing of server a IT based. It develops a joint responsibility among the IT users in regards to maintenance and also ensuring that there is a good trust between the organizations and the IT.

The last principle exploits more on regular experimentations; it tests new technology more so in the small scale organizations. By using the small organization, it helps in the reduction of risks and the occurrences. These experiments are performed on chucks so that it can be realized in the shortest time.

The principle of clear and distinctive values is the most important, according to me, since it focuses on strengthening projects as it develops; this will ensure that any anomaly is noticed in the earlier stage and can be changed or rectified. Also, this principle provides reviewing and makes sure that the problem or error that has occurred is checked and corrected in an earlier stage.

References

Bonham, S. (2005). IT project portfolio management. Boston: Artech House.

Dubey, S. (2018). IT strategy and management. Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited.

McKeen, J. D., & Smith, H. A. (2015). IT strategy: Issues and practices, 3rd ed. Pearson.

4)

Discussion 1

COLLAPSE

In most cases, IT value is a subjective assessment whose description depends on how the organization that uses views it. It is tied to business models and can be defined generally as the desirability or worth of a thing.

There are five principles for delivering value. Number one principle is that is a clear and distinctively defined portfolio value management process. This principle ensures that objects are tracked whenever they are developed. It also allows the managers and those utilizing the IT to revisit the portfolio, or the decision made and find out if they can be altered (Lesson 1, 2015). The principle also invests more in projects that are infrastructural and strategic. Through the principle, a means that help in ensuring the realization of value is developed.

The principle number two: The principle focuses on the chunks of value. Most often than not it focusses its strengths on critical areas. It ensures value delivery using a series of projects that are small and focused. In the course of the process, the principle ensures that the short- and long-term goals are well balanced.

The principle number three focuses on a holistic orientation to aspects related to technology value. The principle focuses on managing the use of technology, process and people. It also intends to create the impact of technology. Through the policy, technological changes are incorporated into the business. The fourth principle aims at creating a view that technology initiatives are owned jointly. The principle makes sure that executive financing of sever a lIT-based (Lesson 1, 2015). Also, the principle develops among the IT user a joint responsibility concerning maintenance as well as ensuring trust between the business or organization and the IT.

The last principle; number five capitalizes on more frequent experimentations. It focuses on testing on new technologies mostly on small scales. The reason for doing it on a small scale is to reduce the occurrence and the magnitude of the risks. The experiments are carried out in chunks and enables the value of IT to be realized or noticed within the shortest time possible.

Of the five principles; the principle number one appears to be the most important. This is because the principle focuses its strengths in tracking the projects as they develop. Doing so will help notice any anomaly at an early stage which can permit rectification. Also, it provides a chance through which reviewing can be enhanced. Such makes sure that any error which might have been done or committed during decision making is checked.

References:

1. James C. Collins and Jerry I. Porras, Built to Last (HarperCollins, 1994).

2. “Meg Whitman at eBay Inc. (A),” HBS case no.9-400-035

CHAPTER-2

Discussion3

5)

Discussion
COLLAPSE

Every organization needs an IT strategy to determine the long-term strategical plans in order to accomplish the objectives or goals. The business is necessary to adopt new emerging technologies for the proper functioning of its operations. It is incorporated with facilities like cost management, system infrastructure, investments, risk factors. The four critical success factors of the IT strategy include revisiting the business plans and models, strategical themes, gathering the right people into it, business work in partnership (Gallimore, 2017).

Revisiting business plans or models: Whenever the business is initiated, a plan should be highlighted on the worklist before performing any kind of work scenarios. A strategical plan always helps in making accurate decisions in the organizations and acts as a guideline in future projects. A plan is necessary to be developed before starting a new service or product. This revisiting the business model helps when the organization is going to expand its product or services in the competitive world. When buying a new business, it helps in quantifying a new investment return. A business plan acts as a blueprint of the business organizations which has clear objectives and operationalities (Patching, 2017).

Strategic themes: IT strategy enable the organization to create new business policies and enable the organization to expand its business into different locations. IT should be interrelated with the business operations so that it is easy to track and manage the business activities. It will provide the opportunity to take the right decision (Ekanem, 2017).

Right People involvement: Company top management should always take priority to understand the situation and make the decision as per the customer’s expectations. top management should focus on new strategies and business policies so that they can grab and identify the new opportunities in the market.

Work in partnership: IT became a major component in every organization’s operations so that it can achieve the organizational objectives and goals. Business objectives and IT frameworks can make business operations easy and fulfill the customer’s and employee’s needs.

References

Ekanem, I. (2017). Introduction to the business plan. Writing a Business Plan, 9–10.

Gallimore, A. (2017). Developing an It strategy for your library. London: Library Association Publishing.

Patching, K. (2017). Developing strategy. Leadership, Character and Strategy, 121–129.

CHAPTER-2

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Critical success factor

IT success factors

The IT success factors can be divided in four critical area. The four critical aspect of the same is discussed in the following paragraph.

Time to time revisiting

Time to time revisiting the business model is an important factor that needs to be considered. The IT manager needs to make sure that he makes a revisit to the goals of the organization and make a right alignment with the IT sector. While there is a time to time revisiting of the IT strategy the necessary changes can be made. This is one of the ways through which the IT sector can evolve.

A successful theme of strategy

Having a successful theme of strategy is essential. The careful crafting of the IT program to cater to the business needs is an essential factor that needs to be considered. To be successful in the strategy it is essential that IT is aligned with the business needs. Though it was very hard to get the right people in the past but now it is easier and this is one of the most important factor that needs to be considered.

Hiring right people

Hiring the right people would always provide a proper direction to the IT sector. This is one of the most important factor that needs to be considered for the success of IT. The success of IT cannot be burdened upon the senior manager and the higher authority but it is the right people at all the levels that makes IT successful.

Having partners

While there is a successful approach in developing the partnership between the business and the IT the success of IT is assured. As stated by Ross, Exposito & Kennedy (2020) a successful IT can be achieved with the help of the partnership between the needs of the business and the IT designs. The partnership can be considered to be the key to success of IT.

CHAPTER-3

7)

Week 1: Discuss the key business metrics for IT.

COLLAPSE

Key business metrics for IT

IT and business go hand in hand to measure financial impact. Metrics can also be measured based on customer and employee satisfaction. Measurement is important to know where a company stands and how to be accountable.

IT can be measured using the following approaches:

‘Peel-the-onion’ Approach: Unfold IT value on project by project basis

‘Put-the-onion-back-together’ Approach’: Trace back the IT progress to coincide with business unit strategy.

This evaluates project team by delivering specific value to organization. Thus, there are 3 different measures on which IT can be held accountable:

Enterprise measures: This directly links IT with company performance.

Functional measures: This evaluates company’s internal work like employee and customer satisfaction.

Project measures:

References:

James D. McKeen, Heather A. Smith, IT Strategy: Issues and Practices, Third Edition. Pearson, 2015, ISBN-13 978-0-13-354424-4.

References

Ganguly, M., & RoyBardhan, M. (2020). Role of Appreciative Leadership in Organizational Development: The Roadmap to Employee Growth. In Appreciative Inquiry Approaches to Organizational Transformation (pp. 182-193). IGI Global.

Ross, D. B., Exposito, J. A., & Kennedy, T. (2020). Stress and its relationship to leadership and a healthy workplace culture. In Occupational Stress: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice (pp. 161-193). IGI Global.

8)
Discussion 1
COLLAPSE

Business metrics for IT: the success of IT depends on the following key metrics. they are

Operational metrics that are measured by measuring the average time taken to load a page, the list of products and its performance level. It also is measured by taking the failure of products and other complex securities issues.

Delivery metrics that include the completion time of projects, satisfaction of customers, the cost of the project and the period to fix the bugs and faults in the completed project.

Organizational metrics: the management needs to take reviews from their employees, the employees who left the jobs, the reasons for leaving, setting the targets and comparing the results with the expectations.

Financial metrics: the cost of budget, the profit achieved by doing projects, the employees’ salaries, the resource costs, the maintenance cost of infrastructures and other machinery, and other costs and expenses incurred in a year are used to assess the financial condition of the organization. These metrics help the management to know the health status of the firm and improve the business strategies and objectives. With these metrics, organizations get to weakness and strengths of a company that has to be improved.

Reference:Ronan, B., Ronan, B., & IDG Contributor Network. (2015, August 3). 12 critical metrics for IT success. Retrieved from https://www.cio.com/article/2955777/12-critical-metrics-for-it-success.html.