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EVIDENCE BASE PARCTICE TO GUIDE CLINICAL PRACTICE

Evidence Based Practices to Guide Clinical Practices

Evidence Based Practices to Guide Clinical Practices

Introduction

Nurses can keep up to date with all the data compiled from clinical research and evidence-based practice thanks to developments in communication technology, which has resulted in a vast expansion of knowledge and information. Understanding basic research designs and processes can help you differentiate quality research from credible sources with verifiable data. The aim of this paper is to assess different aspects of two research studies that have been published in clinical journals and concentrate on the successful integration of self-management and healthy lifestyle habits in the areas of hand washing and nosocomial infections (Camargo et.al, 2018). Each author aims to illustrate the useful insight into the advantages and drawbacks of each and their implementation in clinical practice by contrasting the elements from quantitative and qualitative research studies.

Interrelationship between Theory, Research, and EBP

Evidence based on practice, research and theory are the pillars of the nursing profession. These three concepts interact in a reciprocal and cyclical way. Medical evidence-based practice generates empirical issues and expertise in theory (Ellis, 2019). Research informs evidence-based practice and advances understanding by advancing hypotheses. Theoretical frameworks direct studies and help to strengthen evidence-based practice.

Successful nursing practice entails treating patients with experience, expertise, compassion, and imagination in an accessible, safe, and considerate manner. Research findings represent an important part of the knowledge involved in the decision-making of nursing health. Ideally, all recommendations on medical care base on research evidence.

Study and theory have a reciprocal relationship in which research generates further information and theory. Theory is essential to the research process, as it serves as a backdrop for providing insight and guidance to the research sample (Camargo et.al, 2018). Theory may also guide the study process by developing and testing hypotheses of interest. Practice is the basis for the development of nursing theory, while nursing theory must be substantiated in practice.

Article 1

Asadollahi, M., Bostanabad, M. A., Jebraili, M., Mahallei, M., Rasooli, A. S., & Abdolalipour, M. (2016). Nurses’ knowledge regarding hand hygiene and its individual and organizational predictors. Journal of caring sciences, 4(1), 45

Research Questions

Does apposite hand washing among healthcare practitioners decreases nosocomial infections transmission rates to patients.

Sampling and Sampling Size

Survey method with questionnaire administered to 150 employed nurses in selected settings 

The study setting was Tabriz teaching hospitals. Study population is employed nurses in the study area who were participated after census sampling.

Research Design

The researchers created questionnaires to assess participants’ knowledge of hand hygiene, which were then used after they were approved for reliability and validity.

Hypothesis

Due to nurse’s critical roles, they should have essential and updated information concerning hand hygiene.

Data Collection Methods

The study embraced a descriptive and cross-sectional design, with the researchers using a questionnaire as the research tool. The questionnaire design based on literature, guidelines, and article reviews. The qualitative study of the research applied Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) by descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation test. The t-test on independent samples and one way ANOVA were used, hence the significance of qualitative methodology to respond to the study question.

Research Findings from the Study

The study found out that nurses were indigent of knowing the collective ideologies of hand asepsis procedures for disease transmission prevention. The findings showed that the concept of hand hygiene should be integrated into nurses’ training. Increased nosocomial infections result from healthcare providers’ dire lack of knowledge on following established guidelines

Article 2

Goodarzi, Z., Haghani, S., Rezazade, E., Abdolalizade, M., & Khachian, A. (2020). Investigating the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Hand Hygiene of Nursing Employees Working in Intensive Care Units of Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2018-2019. Maedica, 15(2), 230.

Research Questions

Given that pathogen transmission in hospitals is through contaminated hands of health care employee, does hand hygiene observation effect in prevention of nosocomial infections?

What is the experience, mindset, and understanding of nurses employed in intensive care units of Iran University of Medical Sciences treatment centers about hand hygiene?

Sampling and Sampling Size

The study utilized cross-sectional study conducted on a sample composed of 600 nurses, assistant nurses and assistant paramedics working in intensive care units of seven medical educational centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The census used 366 persons to freely participated in the study.

Research Design

Data analysis uses SPSS, version 20, with descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables for qualitative variables and numerical indices as well as standard deviation for quantitative variables.

Hypothesis

Non-compliance with hand hygiene such as poor knowledge contribute to nosocomial infection upsurge

Data Collection Methods

The study utilized organization questionnaire on hand hygiene attitude provided to all the nursing employees with reference to the intensive care units.

Research Findings from the Study

Structured and continuous educational programs with effective methods, maintain, promote and remove nurse’s deficit of knowledge about hand hygiene and nosocomial infections. Of all the nurses involved in the study, 56.6% had knowledge of hand hygiene, 71.3% had impartial attitude and 64.5% had a high perception.

The goals, health outcomes and implementation strategies in the healthcare setting (EBP) based on the articles

There is a surge of challenges of associated healthcare infections in modern society, the harshness of sickness, and the involvedness of controlling drug-resistant diseases. Healthcare providers have resorted to using basic infection prevention approaches with hand hygiene as one of the measures. Augmenting hand cleanliness is a vital tool for nosocomial disease avoidance. Promotions of procedures that facilitate hand hygiene have a top precedence to promote patient’s wellbeing (Goodrazi et.al, 2019). However, there are challenges in implementing hand hygiene routines, hence a low clinical practical acquiescence. Several recent studies have convened that appropriate application of hand sanitation has implications in reducing the risk of cross-contraction of nosocomial conditions in healthcare facilities. Cognizant by the studies’ findings, the current task is critical appraisal of the qualitative research done by Asodollahi et al. (2016) and Goodarzi et.al (2019).

According to the studies, health care facilities have inconsistency in knowledge score, attitude and perception of hand hygiene. The discrepancy is accredited to differences in hospital regulations, educational methods, and diversity in the chosen neonates ward’s conditions. To avert the spread of infectious agents to patients, hand washing is critical despite the lack of standard methods for measuring compliance (Asodollahi et al. (2016). In relation to Goodrazi et.al (2019) findings, the studies determined whether proper hand sanitization by among healthcare practitioners could minimize occurrences of nosocomial infections. To attain the research objective, the study focused on the evaluation of nurses’ understanding of hand washing. The findings confirmed that nurses are knowledgeable about hand hygiene. However, variance exists among the nurse’s knowledge of handwashing concepts. After multivariate analysis, the study resolved that nurses’ familiarity and preceding education concerning hand hygiene were significant for their knowledge of handwashing.

The studies found out that nurses were indigent of knowing the collective ideologies of hand asepsis procedures for disease transmission prevention. The findings showed that the concept of hand hygiene should be integrated into nurses’ training. Increased nosocomial infections result from healthcare providers’ dire lack of knowledge on following established guidelines to prevent the spread (Goodrazi et.al, 2019). The majority of the practitioners claim that hand hygiene regulations are unrealistic and better solutions can be formulated in cases of needed hand hygiene. Another findings from the research showed that statistically, there is a relation between prior training classes and comprehension of nurses’ actions towards proper hand sanitation. On the other side, educational courses do not provide important success in facilitating nurses’ knowledge and hand hygiene. On an educational program note contending that different training methods should be adopted for hand hygiene reinforcement in the nursing staff. The adoption aims at promoting hand hygiene knowledge, which is instrumental to the prevention of nosocomial infections among nurses.

Additionally, the findings showed that nurses articulated the necessity of enduring education on handwashing to prepare them with information of the effective decrease of nosocomial infections. Therefore, the organizations responsible of infection control in healthcare settings should focus on enhancing nurses’ hand hygiene acquaintance. The techniques should follow the implementation of a framework such as revising their teaching methods, focusing on the current guidelines, and positioning experienced nurses in the neonatal units. Adopting strict hand hygiene and devotion to regulations is useful in significantly reducing nosocomial infections in neonatal units, and hospitals and medical staff should embrace them.

Credibility of the Sources and Research/Researchers Findings

The studies consider nurses’ knowledge in different conditions and by checking consistency and results correspondence to established theories, the findings are accurate and reproducible hence valid and reliable. The results reflects real variations accurately and based on the data collection process, the findings are seem unbiased hence credible and trustworthy. As a result, the planning on sample set and size, external conditions in place and the techniques measured shows that the values found are alongside the main results therefore, the validity and reliability of the studies.

References

Camargo, F. C., Iwamoto, H. H., Galvão, C. M., Pereira, G. D. A., Andrade, R. B., & Masso, G. C. (2018). Competences and Barriers for the Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing: an integrative review. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 71(4), 2030-2038.

Ellis, P. (2019). Evidence-based practice in nursing. Learning Matters.

Goodarzi, Z., Haghani, S., Rezazade, E., Abdolalizade, M., & Khachian, A. (2020). Investigating the Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Hand Hygiene of Nursing Employees Working in Intensive Care Units of Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2018-2019. Maedica, 15(2), 230.
Asadollahi, M., Bostanabad, M. A., Jebraili, M., Mahallei, M., Rasooli, A. S., & Abdolalipour, M. (2016). Nurses’ knowledge regarding hand hygiene and its individual and organizational predictors. Journal of caring sciences, 4(1), 45