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CHAPTER 42

a) When a person is suffering from either Uremia or Azotemia, there is a kidney malfunction. The kidney can develop problems for various reasons such as lack of exercise and taking unhealthy foods. When levels of Urea and Creatinine rise in the blood, it signifies kidney problems, Uremia and Azotemia result from this (Grossman & Porth, 2014). The two diseases, however, differ in a number of ways.

Uremia is characterized by the presence of Urine in the blood. It is a serious condition as it comes with acute kidney failure. During this stage, the rate of glomerular filtration is very low, which results in an increased urea concentration in the plasma. Uremia is chronic, and mostly the damage it presents to the kidneys is irreversible.

Azotemia, on the other hand, is characterized by nitrogen in the blood. In Azotemia, key symptoms of kidney failure are yet to manifest. However, creatinine and urea nitrogen are on the rise. If unchecked, Azotemia can result to Uremia, and it is, therefore, a stage towards kidney failure (Grossman & Porth, 2014). Unlike Uremia, Azotemia can be corrected with early identification with subsequent medical intervention.

b) Uremia’s presence in a person means that the individual’s kidneys are severely damaged. Symptoms of kidney failure are noticeable during this time. The following are the symptoms that are associated with it. Minimal tolerance to exercise, loss of appetite coupled with weight loss, fluid retention, which causes an individual’s body to swell, nausea and vomiting, cramps in the legs, and headache (Grossman & Porth, 2014). Uremia patients also have trouble concentrating and lose interest in undertaking daily activities.

The patient experiences extreme tiredness and can yield uremic frost on the scalp if dialysis is not done metabolic acidosis and pericarditis results, which are characterized by lethargy, coma and finally death.

References

Grossman, S. & Porth, C. (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology (9th ed.) Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-14511451146004