For this RA, please watch the two/three clips within the two following links: 

1.

2.

Please address the following in a Word document: 

1. For link one, please discuss how CPM is utilized within this video. Please refer to the PPT from Wednesday’s lecture and apply the information discussed during the lecture to the clip. This can be in bullet point form. 

2. For link two, please discuss how CPM is utilized within the Friends portion of the video. Please refer to the PPT from Wednesday’s lecture and apply the information discussed during the lecture to the clip. This can be in bullet point form. 

3. For link two, please discuss how CPM is utilized within the Mean Girls portion of the video. Please refer to the PPT from Wednesday’s lecture and apply the information discussed during the lecture to the clip. This can be in bullet point form.  (Warning: There is some explicit language.)

4. Please briefly reflect on how you have seen CPM utilized within your life. Only disclose as much information you feel disclosing. 

This should be one to two pages long. Please let me know if you have questions, comments, or concerns! 

Families&

Health

&

Intimate

Relationships

& Health
Day 21

Agenda

T O P I C S T O C O V E R

· Review
· Families & Health
· Intimate Relationships & Health
· Activity
· Homework

Family

Sources: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013)

“A network of people who live together
over long periods of time-bound by ties
of marriage, blood, or commitment,
legal, or otherwise” (p. 231).

Families have different structures and functions
Family Structures:

1 Power Authority (positional or position-
oriented)
2 Decision Making (consensus/
accommodation/defacto)
3 Interaction Networking (centralized or
decentralized)

Power

Authority

Sources: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013)

1. power authority —defines who has the
ultimate authority to control the behaviors of
other family members.

There are two types of power-authority
structures discussed in the text: positional
and person-oriented.

In a positional family, lines of authority
are hierarchically arranged, in a
traditional family
In a person-oriented structure, authority
is not necessarily assigned in terms of
age and gender roles, but rather on basis
of personal attributes. This type relies in
a much greater extent on communication
as a means of influence.

Decision-

Making

Sources: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013)

Decision-making– how decisions are reached in the family
Three ways of decision making: families may reach an agreement by….

1. Consensus: where everyone is involved in the decision making
EX. family vacation: If a family sits around a kitchen table and has
a family conference or discussion about where to go on vacation,
then it is a consensus.

2. Accommodation: the less articulate or less dominating give in to
those who hold the power or are more persistent

Ex. If Dad really wants to go to Montana and kids really want to go
to Florida, and Dad gives in to kids because they’re persistent,
that’s accommodation.

3. De facto manner: the decision is made by one person or on the
basis of external constraints

Ex. If Mom goes out and buys tickets for a trip without consulting
anyone, that’s de facto. Or if during a family conversation Mom
gets annoyed and says “that’s it, we’re going to Maine and I don’t
want to hear anything else about it”—that’s de facto.

How are dating/marriage decisions
considered in your family?

Interaction

Networking

Sources: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013)

3. interaction networks: shows who talks to whom in the family the
most.

Networks are centralized or noncentralized/decentralized
In a centralized network, there is a single member who acts as
a gate-keeper, messages are filtered through him/her before
being sent on to other members.
In a decentralized network, there is more direct contact
between family members.

Families &

Health:

With

Children

Be calm
Reassure them
Be available
Avoid blame
Observe what they are observing
Be honest
Age-appropriate
Teach

Sources: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/talking-with-children.html;
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/how-to-talk-to-children-about-the-serious-illness-of-a-loved-one-2019120218468

Talk with your partner
Setting and Time is important
Simple
Express feelings
Discuss helpers
Discuss impact
Encourage questions
Obtain help

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coronavirus-how-talk-child.html

Families &
Health:

With Older

Adults

Source: https://libguides.massgeneral.org/communication

Avoid stereotyping or patronizing
FTF
Clear
Reduce outside noises
Open questions
LISTEN
COM with everyone in the room
Shared decision making

An ideal

listener…

Source: (Kreps & Thornton, 1984)

FHC

http://familyhealthcomm.com/covid19

What is intimacy?

” A U N I Q U E B O N D C R E A T E D B Y T W O P E O P L E T H R O U G H
S O M E C O M B I N A T I O N O F H I G H L Y I N T E R D E P E N D E N T
A C T I O N S , I N D I V I D U A L I Z E D R U L E S , A N D P E R S O N A L
D I S C L O S U R E S , A N D V I E W E D B Y B O T H P A R T I E S A S

R E L A T I V E L Y A F F E C T I O N A T E , I N T R I N S I C A L L Y
R E W A R D I N G , A N D I R R E P L A C E A B L E ”

Source: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013)

COM in Intimate

Relationships:

Within Intimate

Relationships…

P A Y
A T T E N T I O N

S P E N D
T I M E

S H A R E
W I T H

U N D E R S T A N D
B E H A V I O R S

Source: https://hhma.org/healthadvisor/aha-verb-bha/

COM in Intimate

Relationships: COM

in a Multitude of

Ways

W O R D S

Phone
In-Person
In-Writing

G E S T U R E S

Nods
Leaning In/Out
Turning In/Out

F A C I A L

E X P R E S S I O N S

Eye Contact
Smiling
Anger/Sad

T O U C H I N G

Hugs
Holding Hands
…..

Source: https://hhma.org/healthadvisor/aha-verb-bha/

COM in Intimate
Relationships:

Stronger COM

A C T I V E L I S T E N I N G

N O M I N D – R E A D I N G

Source:
https://hhma.org/healtha
dvisor/aha-verb-bha/

L E A R N T O T A L K A B O U T Y O U

R E S P E C T & S U P P O R T

N O M I N D – R E A D I N G

G E N U I N E

M A N A G E C O N F L I C T
S H A R E . T O U C H . P R I O R I T Y .

Our Mission

http://www.grahambodie.com/listening-in-close-relationships

Shame vs. Guilt

B R E N É B R O W N

https://www.oprah.com/own-super-soul-sunday/dr-brene-brown-why-guilt-is-better-than-shame-video

https://www.oprah.com/own-super-soul-sunday/dr-brene-brown-why-guilt-is-better-than-shame-video

https://www.oprah.com/own-super-soul-sunday/dr-brene-brown-why-guilt-is-better-than-shame-video

Health COM within

IPC Relationships

S E X U A L H E A L T H
C O M M U N I C A T I O N

E A T I N G D I S O R D E R S P M S

Wednesday

R A 1 3 D U E

W E D N E S D A Y

B Y

1 1 : 5 9 P M

R E A D

G R E E N E

( 2 0 0 9 )

E X P L O R E

C P M

R A 1 4 D U E

F R I D A Y B Y

1 1 : 5 9 P M

https://cpmcenter.iupui.edu/About

DAY 22

Privacy &
Disclosure

Agenda

Review
Self-Disclosure

CPM

DD-MM
Activity
Homework

any information you reveal about yourself that others are unlikely to discover
about you from other sources

Guidelines
Make sure that disclosures are appropriate to the topic at hand and
fit the flow of conversation
Begin with safe, nonrisky disclosures
Small doses
Match the level and amount of the other’s disclosure
Style of disclosure is as important as substance
Reserve your most important disclosures for significant, ongoing
relationships.

i.

ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

vi.

What is self-disclosure?

Source: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013)

any information you reveal about yourself that others are unlikely to discover about you
from other sources

Guidelines
Make sure that disclosures are appropriate to the topic at hand and fit the flow
of conversation
Begin with safe, nonrisky disclosures
Small doses
Match the level and amount of the other’s disclosure
Style of disclosure is as important as substance

encourage or discourage
Nonverbal
most focus on the style of disclosure over the content

Reserve your most important disclosures for significant, ongoing relationships.

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

1.
2.
3.

vi.
What is self-disclosure?

Source: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013, pp. 192-194)

Self-Disclosure of Highly Sensitive Information
Steps in Disclosing to Others:

Choose the manner of disclosure
More important = FTF

Choose a time and place for the disclosure
I’m telling you b/c I care about you

Anticipate Negative Reactions
give them time to accept the news
expect people to be shocked into silence
offer the recipient an opportunity to say what’s on their mind or ask questions
expect the recipient to argue or talk you out of your situation
your anger and sarcasm must be avoided, even if tempted
it’s important to leave the door open for further dialogue so you must not yell, etc
it’s easier to disclose to friends than parents
when disclosing to parents, consider the worst-case scenario including alternative plans for housing
and support
make sure the disclosure is based on caring and respect instead of anger and as a weapon
expect parents/friends to fluctuate with acceptance and grief and anticipate questions and have well-
thought-out answers

Source: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013, pp. 195-197)

Responding to Self-Disclosure

Guidelines for accepting self-disclosure of others:
thank your friend for trusting you with this information
reassure your friend that the relationship will not change
if you feel uncomfortable, say so directly and ask for adjustment time,
using that time to become more informed
take responsibility for your feelings and acknowledge that you have a
problem (if you do)

a.

b.
c.

d.

Source: (Trenholm & Jensen, 2013, p. 197)

CPM

https://cpmcenter.iupui.edu/About

Petronio (2002)

Communication Boundary
Management, 1991

About the balance of privacy and
disclosure and managing the
relationship between concealing and
revealing private information

CPM

Assumptions of CPM

About human nature:
1. humans are choice makers
2. humans are rule followers and rule-
makers
3. humans’ choices & rules are based on a
consideration of others as well as the self

About dialectics:
4. relational life is characterized by
change
5. contradiction is the fundamental fact
of relational life

PETRONIO (2002); VENETIS

5 Tenets of CPM

1. disclosure process is inherently
dialectical
2. CPM includes the disclosure of private
information
3. individuals assume ownership over
information
4. the process of disclosure is rule-based
5. boundaries exist around both
relationships and particular pieces of
information

PETRONIO (2002); VENETIS

dialectical tension of privacy and openness
necessary and risky

potential consequences of shame, rejection, embarrassment, exclusion further
revealing
mindful when disclosing private information to manage need to share with risks
disclosers take precautions to attempt to safeguard the information and
themselves

Dialectical
Tensions

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

private information is a continuum
polar ends include open-access information (information that anyone can know)
and secret information (information that is actively concealed from others)
CPM is about private and secret, open-access
disclosing individuals regard their private information differently than their
general and non-sensitive information, and disclosers take steps to protect the
private information when sharing it with others

Private
Information

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

individuals claim ownership of their personal information
how the information will be managed, regulating when, with whom, and to
what degree the information can be shared with third parties.

the recipient is a co-owner of the information, and after the disclosure
episode, the discloser expects that the recipient will observe the negotiated (or
stated) privacy boundaries.
Disclosers use privacy rules to create boundaries around the information and
express how the information should be managed.

Ownership of
Information

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

Privacy rules have three purposes
to establish that the recipient is a co-owner in the information
and is linked into the privacy boundary of the information
indicate parameters of the co-ownership
determine if or what information can be further disclosed

a.
b.
c.

Rule-Based

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

rules can be either implicit or explicit
Implicit rules: ambiguous and are not clearly articulated at the
time of the disclosure.

Ex. hints at privacy during the disclosure episode, preexisting
rules that are applied without an explicit prompt, or rules that
are negotiated as individuals form new relationships.

Explicit rules: direct statements that generally accompany the
disclosure and specifically address the question of boundaries or
further disclosure.

Ex. “don’t tell anybody, but…”

Rules CONT.

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

can differ based on the individual who the other person is
to the individual, the content of the information, and the
motivation to disclose

Culture—differ in what is okay to share
ex. Medical info

Personality—very disclosive vs. very private
Relational—best friend vs. colleague vs. doctor
Gender—rules for sharing may differ, content differs
Motivations to share—catharsis, bonding

Boundaries

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

around the relationships (i.e., best friends vs. colleagues)
or around a particular piece of information (i.e., an
abortion).
Boundary linkage: boundary alliances around people

Ex. Doc/patient confidentiality or best friends
varying degrees of permeability (next slide)

Boundaries CONT.

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

the greater the value in protecting and regulating the
information, the lower the permeability, and the less likely the
prospective discloser is to disclose the information
sanctions exist when the recipient is found to have disclosed the
information to a third or multiple parties.
the lower the permeability of the boundaries, the greater the
repercussions and sanctions, and the greater the permeability,
the weaker the repercussions or sanctions.

Permeability

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

intentional or accidental violation of privacy boundaries,
resulting in boundary turbulence
turbulence is a consequence of the recipient’s sharing the
disclosed information in a fashion other than that intended by
the original discloser
(accidental or on purpose)

Turbulence

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

1. intentional rule violations such as betrayal
2. boundary rule mistakes such as accidentally revealing information
or revealing at the wrong time
3. fuzzy boundaries such as one person viewing the information as
personal while the other feels they have rights to that information or
gossip in which one reveals other’s information with the false
pretense that they have the right to reveal that information

Factors of
Turbulence

PETRONIO (2002, 2010)
VENETIS

4. dissimilar boundary orientations such as one individual assuming
particular information is private and the other assuming that all
information can be shared with an extended family
5. boundary definition predicaments such as discussing private
matters in a public space
6. privacy dilemmas concerning the information such as ethical
predicaments in keeping the information concealed or the
recipient’s desire to seek help for the discloser

Factors of
Turbulence
PETRONIO (2002); VENETIS

Verbal assertion
Directly communicating with the violator

Passive aggression and retaliation
Ex. Make the person feel guilty or violate their privacy

Tempered tolerance
Outwardly accepting privacy violation by “grinning and
bearing it” or act like it didn’t happen

Boundary restructuration
Adjust boundaries to prevent future violations

Reactions to Privacy
Violations

PETRONIO (2002); VENETIS

Disclosure Decision-Making Model

Kathryn Greene (2009)
The DD-MM recognizes the challenges in
determining if one should share or reveal
personal, non-visible health information with a
specific other.

BRIEF REVIEW: DD-MM: INFORMATION
ASSESSMENT

(GREENE, 2009)

DD-MM: Assessing the Receiver

(GREENE, 2009)

DD-MM: Disclosure Efficacy

(GREENE, 2009)

DD-MM: Applications

HIV Disclosure (Greene & Faulkner, 2002)
Eating Disorder Disclosure (Shields, 2017)
Cancer Disclosure (Venetis et al., 2015)
Sexual Orientation Disclosure to Health Care
Providers (Venetis et al., 2017)

Fullhouse

ACTIVITY

Friends & Mean Girls

FRIDAY

Kuang & Wilson (2017)
RA 13 Due by 11:59 pm
TONIGHT
RA 14 Due by 11:59 pm Friday