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Lecture 8 – Bringing Together Major Precepts for the Semester

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Open discussion: workers’ rights; Short writing #4 – LONG PAPER #2 Due; Prep Verbal Summaries; 330 – 428 STEPS

Introductory Remarks:

Without being as direct as I would have been in previous semesters of on campus instruction prior to COVID and the shift to on-line and remote instruction, I have given you my 119 students assignments and posted lectures that have incorporated the five rhetorical forms you are supposed to learn in English 119. I have also pushed you toward using the critical and analytical tools and research that will be inherent in forming arguments for English 120 once you move on to 120 and research papers.

We have emphasized the most crucial form for 119, argument, with the understanding that it is very important that you be prepared to move on to wider academic work at whatever four year institution you transfer to in the near future, perhaps in the Fall. Advanced composition (119 and 120) are essential for exactly that reason–to transfer your credits to a four year school and do the work of finishing a BA degree.

When you get to 120 it  will emphasize rejection of euphemism in order to learn to use academic discourse, argument, formal research technique, formatting of research papers, and 119 so far has given you a few tools so far to assess research sources.

I. Bringing things together

At this point in the semester it is necessary to be certain you all are developing and growing as academic writers and thinkers, as students who can show a basic understanding of rhetorical forms, and who have shifted attention to the last portion of this semester, that must emphasize research.

Here, briefly, are the rhetorical forms you have worked in all along as part of the unspoken process using what you learned in 119, basic writing at the paragraph level, college essay form, and doing assignments using revision and drafting:

119 Skills

1. Summary: Intro Paragraphs

2. Description: Topic sentences

3. Process: The summary of support

4. Comparison and Contrast: Body paragraph expansion & development

5. Argument: Intro paragraphs, the summary of support

__________________________________________

Future 120 Skills

6. Critique: Thesis sentence (overcoming assumptions)

7. Analysis: Body paragraphs (overcoming limited thought)

8. Critical Analysis: Organizing expansion and development

9. Research: Development of body paragraph sources (acquiring ‘informed opinions’)

10. Assessment of all sources using history, science, and comparative research: Active discussion (overcoming the ‘entertainment model of thinking)

II. Research is the basis of argument, not of ‘opinion’ which by definition has no rational and certainly no academic basis

As academics we are interested in claims, documentation, and the verification of claims using 1. sources, 2. disciplines (science, history, technology, etc.), 3. documentary rather than rhetorical or vernacular evidence. This describes an ancient, SECULAR basis of knowledge acquisition, substantiation, recording, and verification–

Archimedes

Ptolemy

Pythagoras

Aristotle

Hypatia

POINT: needless to say, there IS NO support through ‘opinion’ (meaning without information), no knowledge through simple acclamation (simple, meaning without documentary support), nor any such thing as consensual verification and thus no consensual reality (not without comparison of bibliographic and documentary evidence, that must be either historical or empirical in nature).

Watch Video

Hypatia and Alexandria 1/5

Duration: 10:07
User: n/a – Added: 2/24/12

Watch Video

Hypatia and Alexandria 5/5

Duration: 10:16
User: n/a – Added: 2/24/12

Watch Video

Inside the Capitol Hill Riots

Duration: 3:39
User: n/a – Added: 1/9/21

Watch Video

Hypatia tells Orestes about her vision,

Duration: 6:22
User: n/a – Added: 6/9/19

III Case Study: The Goddess

Fritz Lang “Metropolis” and the Whore of Babylon

Beyonce, Unknowing Participant

Gold plaques embossed with winged bee goddesses, found at Camiros Rhodes, dated to 7th century BCE (British Museum)

The Goddess Isis, Egypt and Rome 10 BC

bibliographic lead: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_the_goddess_Isis,_Egypt,_10_BC_-_40_AD,_terracotta_-_Huntington_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC04811.JPG

American ‘Miss Ann’ (Traditional, photo from 1950s/60s advert)

Miss Ann – Propaganda Children’s ‘toy’

“Decoding the Southern Belle” – Cintra Wilson, Sept 8 2015 SALON

https://www.salon.com/2015/09

/07/sartorial_codes_of_southern_belles_i_have_always_thought_of_southern_belles_as_a_super_elite_task_force_of_lethally_disciplined_femininity/

Above” 1940s/50s lynching motivated by ‘Reckless Eyeballing”

Watch Video

Karen Blocks Brothas From Leaving Mercedes Benz Dealership Claiming “They Don’t Belong There”

Duration: 6:45
User: n/a – Added: 6/8/20

EXAMPLE: Verification through multiple means

1. VISUAL/POPULAR/PHENOMENOLOGICAL – Husserl

Watch Video

Barack Obama, Zahi Hawass

Duration: 0:28
User: n/a – Added: 2/9/21

Though phenomenon, the cornerstone of the most shallow and useless form of communication in human history, known as ‘mass media’ (a form of communication oddly not meant to communicate, but to persuade and sell) – however, the one potential for meaning in phenomenon is its often useful element of ALLEGORY: a scene, a painting, a fiolm, a novel, even a public occurrence or event, that has symbolic meaning or can suggest symbolic meaning.

Watch Video

“What is an Allegory?”: A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

Duration: 3:53
User: n/a – Added: 11/3/20

Unintended/Unstated Allegory

Watch Video

Final Battle Scene | Jurassic World

Duration: 8:37
User: n/a – Added: 9/6/16

Watch Video

Dave Chappelle – Terrorists

Duration: 2:28
User: n/a – Added: 1/8/07

2. DOCUMNTATION:

Bees are often considered a symbol of Divine Feminine because they are ruled by queens. They are associated with the goddess Venus, in particular, because part of their labor is the fertilization of flowers, all of which come under the dominion of Venus. The Sumerians were the first to introduce bees and their byproducts to civilization. Egyptian, Greek, Dogon, and Atlantean are only a few of the cultures that venerated the bee. The Mother Goddess is the oldest deity in the archaeological record and above all her different manifestations are the dancing bees of which she is the Queen. She was the leader and ruler of the hive, and was often portrayed in the presence of adorning bee priestesses. The beehive inspired motif was popular in earliest society and confirmed the goddess’s exalted status as a Queen Bee who ‘streams with honey’.

The Delphic Omphalos, c. 330 BCE, literally meaning ‘navel’, it is the renowned Oracle as the center of the earth. A carved stone in the form of a wicker bee-skep. Delphi Archaeological Museum, Greece.

3. Definition:

In Christian allegory a queen bee sometimes represents the Virgin Mary with the hive symbolizing the church. The Bible mentions a ruler and prophetess of ancient Israel called Deborah, the “Queen Bee”, her priestesses were known as “Deborahs” as well. In ancient Greece, a High Priestess was considered the Queen Bee, and her rituals required honey to induce states of spiritual ecstasy. Aphrodite, the nymph-goddess of midsummer is renowned for murdering the king and tearing out his organs just as the queen bee does to the drone. The priestesses of Demeter, Rhea, and Cyble were called Melissae, the ancient Latin word for bees. Similarly, the god Apollo anointed Pythia, his chief priestess at Delphi, with the title “the Delphic Bee”.

4. Historicism:

Possibly the most underrated tradition of Egypt is the veneration of the honeybee. The Egyptians believed that bees were born from the tears of the Sun-god, Ra. In ancient Egypt, bees were the symbol of royalty as well as a symbol of Egypt itself and the Pharaohs title was “The Beekeeper”. Honey and all bee products were vital to Egyptian society and the area around the Nile Delta was called the “land of the bee.” Before Isis, there was Neith, an important deity from the First Dynasty whose cult was based in Sais, a town in the Nile Delta. In Sais, Neith was regarded as the Goddess of the “House of the Bee” and the Virgin Mother of Ra. Neith’s temple bore the inscription: “I am All That Has Been, That Is, and That Will Be. No mortal has yet been able to lift the veil that covers Me.”

Queen Bee the Robotic Whore of Metropolis

IV Writing Assignment: Bringing Precepts Together with Research – Argue a thesis

What is the best way to understand  Henry David Thoreau, the author of “Battle of the Ants”, and to understand his allegorical article? Is it best to use definition, historicism, documentation, or phenomenon? Choose one. Present three research sources to support your thesis. Write in correct essay form. Prove your claim to be valid with three supporting details that must be gleaned from your close attention to the events and the commentary of the article. In  body paragraph development is where your research will be used, with three research sources that can be taken from all four forms of verification.

For development, as you have learned in English 119, use block quotes and in-line quotes from your research as well as from the the article to expand on supporting details in the body paragraphs. Remember, expansion is when you widen the things you have to say about supporting detail and development is when you provide quotes.

At least one fully formed body paragraph for each supporting detail, and two would be better. Minimum three pages, five pages is the limit. Due on April 2, by 5pm, using correct submission of a WORD document attached to your email.

I will return any papers not written in basic essay form, any papers not formatted correctly and not drafted correctly and will return any papers that are less than three full pages, for you to revise or to finish drafting.

MORE CONTEXT for your writing:

Watch Video

POLITICAL THEORY – Henry David Thoreau

Duration: 5:48
User: n/a – Added: 4/10/15

Watch Video

The Battle of the Ants – Henry David Thoreau (Allegory and Allusion)

Duration: 6:39
User: n/a – Added: 9/17/20