OBJECTIVESThe rationale of this experiment is to determine the relative rates of cellular respiration among germinated and non-germinated peas, cold and room temperature peas, and insects. This can be determined by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of carbon dioxide that is released during a given amount of time.In each specimen-we want to observe the changes in the O2 (ppm/sec) from the beginning to the end of the experimental set up-if we observe decline in the total amount of O2 registered in the lab quest (so more O2 at the beginning of the experiment and less O2 at the end of the experiment) the organism in the bio chamber must be respiring-because it is utilizing the O2. Similarly, we also want to observe the changes in the CO2 (ppm/sec) from the beginning to the end of the experimental set up -if there is increase in CO2 registered in the lab quest (so less CO2 at the beginning of the experiment and more CO2 at the end of the experiment) – the organism in the bio chamber must be respiring-because it is exhaling the CO2. Additionally, we want to investigate how manipulating independent variable changes the dependent variable. Hence, identify independent variable, dependent variable, constant and replicates for each experiment (Review Chapter 1 in Lab Manual).

LabQuest

5

LabQuest 5

Cell Respiration (CO2 and O2)

Plant Physiology Project-Cell Respiration
(Method 1–CO2 and O2)

Cell respiration refers to the process of converting the chemical energy of organic molecules into a form immediately usable by organisms. Glucose may be oxidized completely if enough oxygen is available according to the following equation:

C

6

H

12

O6 + 6O2 (g) (6 H2O + 6 CO2 (g) + energy

All organisms, including plants and animals, oxidize glucose for energy. Often, this energy is used to convert ADP and phosphate into ATP. This respiration is a multi-reaction procedure. CO2 is the product of cellular respiration and oxygen is utilized during cellular respiration. To measure the rate of respiration we can measure the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release.

Peas undergo cell respiration during germination. Do peas undergo cell respiration before germination? Using your collected data, you will be able to answer this question regarding respiration rate of germinated peas and non-germinated (dead) peas.

Using the CO2 and O2 Gas Sensors, you will monitor the carbon dioxide produced and the oxygen consumed by different specimens during cell respiration.

OBJECTIVES

The rationale of this experiment is to determine the relative rates of cellular respiration among germinated and non-germinated peas, cold and room temperature peas, and insects. This can be determined by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of carbon dioxide that is released during a given amount of time.

In each specimen-we want to observe the changes in the O2 (ppm/sec) from the beginning to the end of the experimental set up-if we observe decline in the total amount of O2 registered in the lab quest (so more O2 at the beginning of the experiment and less O2 at the end of the experiment) the organism in the bio chamber must be respiring-because it is utilizing the O2. Similarly, we also want to observe the changes in the CO2 (ppm/sec) from the beginning to the end of the experimental set up -if there is increase in CO2 registered in the lab quest (so less CO2 at the beginning of the experiment and more CO2 at the end of the experiment) – the organism in the bio chamber must be respiring-because it is exhaling the CO2.

Additionally, we want to investigate how manipulating independent variable changes the dependent variable. Hence, identify independent variable, dependent variable, constant and replicates for each experiment (Review Chapter 1 in Lab Manual).

BUILD YOUR OWN HYPOTHESIS:

Formulated hypothesis is an educated guess that explains a phenomenon or answers a scientific question.

In case of germinated peas and non-germinated (dead) peas- which specimen would respire more? Which specimen will have released more CO2 and used up more O2 in the bio chamber during the experimental set up?

In case of germinated peas in room temperature and cold temperature – Will there be difference in respiration because of the difference in temperature? Which specimen would respire more? Which specimen will have released more CO2 and used up more O2 in the bio chamber during the experimental set up?

In case of germinated peas and insects- which specimen would respire more? Which specimen will have released more CO2 and used up more O2 in the bio chamber during the experimental set up? Fun fact- insects move and peas do not- do you think this will affect the rate of respiration between the specimens?

In this experiment, you will

· Use an O2 Gas Sensor to measure concentrations of oxygen gas.

· Use a CO2 Gas Sensor to measure concentrations of carbon dioxide gas.

· Study the effect of temperature on cell respiration.

In this experimental set up we are trying to see the difference in rates of respiration for

1. Germinated peas and non-germinated

2. Germinated peas in room temperature, and cold temperature.

3

. Germinated peas and

Insects

.

Figure 1

MATERIALS

LabQuest

BioChamber 25 0
LabQuest App	Ice cubes
Vernier CO2 Gas Sensor	Two 100 mL beakers
Vernier O2 Gas Sensor	Thermometer
25 germinated peas and other specimens	Logger   Pro (optional)

PROCEDURE/Method

1. Turn on the lab quest and calibrate the screen.

2. Choose New from the File menu. If you have older sensors that do not auto-ID, manually set up the sensors. If your CO2 Gas Sensor has a switch, set it to the Low (0–10,000 ppm) setting.

3. Do not try to connect to WIFI with the lab quest.

4. Measure the room temperature using a thermometer and record it in

Table 1

.

5. Obtain 25 germinated peas (or specimen provided in the lab) and blot them dry between two pieces of paper towel.

6. Place the germinated peas into the respiration Bio Chamber 250.

7. Connect the O2 Gas Sensor and the CO2 Gas Sensor to LabQuest.

8. Insert the Gas Sensors into the Bio Chamber 250 as shown in Figure 1. Insert the sensor snugly. The O2 Gas Sensor should remain vertical throughout the experiment. The CO2 Gas Sensor is horizontal in this experimental set up.

9

. Make sure the units for CO2 and O2 gases are same (ppm).

10. Wait two minutes, to let the setting stabilize-then start data collection.

11. Data is collected for the amounts of CO2 and O2 gas in the Bio Chamber for duration of time of the experiment (See Tables 1A-C)

12. Do not touch or move the Bio Chamber/Lab Quest set up during data collection otherwise the data will be disturbed, and the graph will be jerky.

13. Record the data in different time intervals in the tables (1A-C) given below for each specimen.

14. When data collection has finished, remove the sensors from the respiration chamber. Take the specimens (e.g. peas) out.

15. Thoroughly dry the inside of the respiration chamber with a paper towel and store the Gas Sensors properly; O2 Sensor vertically and CO2 Sensor horizontally

16. Repeat Steps 5–14-substituting the germinated peas with other specimens provided (e.g. non-germinated peas etc)

17. One you have collected all the data-put the collected data in Excel sheet in tabular form. (check out the Plant Physiology -Cellular Respiration Data.XLS document in Canvas for the data)

DATA

Table 1
Condition	Temperature (°C)
Room

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

Table 1A

O2 Rate of respiration (ppm/s)

CO2 Rate of respiration (ppm/s)

Germinated Peas

0 min 3 min 6 min 9 min 12 min

Non-germinated Peas

O2
Rate of respiration
(ppm/s)

CO2
Rate of respiration
(ppm/s)

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

O2
Rate of respiration
(ppm/s)

CO2
Rate of respiration
(ppm/s)

Germinated Peas

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

0 min
3 min
6 min
9 min
12 min

Table 1B

Germinated Peas, room temperature

Germinated Peas, cool temperature

Table 1C

Insects

ReSULT:

1. In the result, look at the data in Table (1A-C) and rearrange the data in the following tables-2(A-B), 3(A-B), 4 (A-B) -check out the Plant Physiology -Cellular Respiration Data.XLS document in Canvas for the data.

2. In MS Excel- make Line Graphs from the Tables – 2(A-B), 3(A-B), 4 (A-B)- Do Not Forget to Label the Axes. To get the axis labeling correct you need to know which variable (independent or dependent?) goes to the x-axis and which variable (independent or dependent?) goes to the y-axis.

O2 (ppm/s)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germinated Peas

Non-Germinated Peas

Time Interval (min)

CO2 (ppm/s)

0

 

 

3

 

 

6

 

 

9

 

 

12

 

 

 

Time Interval (min)

O2 (ppm/s)

O2 (ppm/s)

0

 

 

3

 

 

6

 

 

9

 

 

12

 

 

 

Germinated Peas in Room Temperature

Germinated Peas in Cool Temperature

Time Interval (min)

CO2 (ppm/s)

CO2 (ppm/s)

0

 

 

3

 

 

6

 

 

9

 

 

12

 

 

 

Germinated Peas

Time Interval (min)

O2 (ppm/s)

O2 (ppm/s)

0

 

 

3

 

 

6

 

 

9

 

 

12

 

 

 

Germinated Peas

Beetles

CO2 (ppm/s)

CO2 (ppm/s)

0

 

 

3

 

 

6

 

 

9

 

 

12

 

 

Comparing Different Respiratory Gases in Different Specimens

Table 2A

Germinated Peas

Non-Germinated Peas

Time Interval (min)

O2 (ppm/s)

0

3

6

9

12

Table 2B

CO2 (ppm/s)

Table 3A

Germinated Peas in Room Temperature

Germinated Peas in Cool Temperature

Table 3B

Table 4A

Beetles

Table 4B

Time Interval (Min)

DISCUSSION:

1. From the graphical and tabular data in the result section we are trying to determine the differences in the rate of respiration between specimens by observing the changes in the amounts of O2 and CO2 in each of the experimental set up.

2. Begin with explaining the independent variable, dependent variable, constant and replicates for each experiment.

3. A. For Example- In Table and Graph 2A -Do the O2 (ppm/s) increase/decrease/remain the same in Germinated peas (between 0 minutes and 12 minutes)-if so why? (Hint- revisit the objectives in the beginning of the experiment)

B. Do the O2 (ppm/s) increase/decrease/remain the same (between 0 minutes and 12 minutes) in Non-Germinated peas-if so why?

C. In Table and Graph 2B- Do the CO2 (ppm/s) increase/decrease/remain the same (between 0 minutes and 12 minutes) in Germinated peas-if so why? (Hint- revisit the objectives in the beginning of the experiment)

D. Do the CO2 (ppm/s) increase/decrease/remain the same (between 0 minutes and 12 minutes) in Non-Germinated peas-if so why?

E. How does the line in the graph vary (flat/moving upwards/downwards) between the two specimens- what does that tell you about the respiration rates between these two specimens?

4. Do the same for Table/Graph 3(A & B) and 4(A&B).

5. When you observe these graphs what does it reflect on the respiration between the two specimens? Which specimens do you think are respiring? Which ones are not respiring? Which ones are respiring more relative to other? Do you think the temperature has any significant effect on respiration rate? Does the respiration rate vary between seeds and insect-Explain how?

Conclusion:

In conclusion, what did you learn from this experiment? Does your data support or reject the hypothesis you formulated at the beginning of the experiment?

IMPOrtant:

Please read the Research Project Lab Report guidelines when you write a lab report based on this experiment. Follow the guideline to further streamline and strengthen your Research Project-Plant Physiology-Cell Respiration lab report.

Also read primary literatures (peer reviewed research papers) for more information on Respiration, rates of respiration in different specimens, effects of temperature etc on respiration-these can be your reference material.

MORE THOUGHT Questions

1.
Do you have evidence that cell respiration occurred in peas? Explain.

2.
What is the effect of germination on the rate of cell respiration in peas?

3.
What is the effect of temperature on the rate of cell respiration in peas?

4.
Why do germinating peas undergo cell respiration?

extensionS

1.
Compare the respiration rate among various types of seeds.

2.
Compare the respiration rate among seeds/leaves that have germinated in light or dark.

3. Compare the respiration rate among various types of small animals, such as insects or earthworms.

Advanced Biology with Vernier
5 –
(CO2 and O2)

5 –
(CO2 and O2)
Advanced Biology with Vernier

Advanced Biology with Vernier
5 –
(CO2 and O2)

Data for Cellular Respiration

in Room Temperature

(A-B), 4 (A-B)- Do Not Forget to Label the Axes

(mins)

5,450

2

3

6

9

Time Interval Germinated Peas Non-Germinated Peas Time Interval Germinated Peas Non-Germinated Peas

12

O2 (ppm/s) O2 (ppm/s) Minutes CO2 (ppm/s) CO2 (ppm/s)

0

125,450 0

3 121,100 125,450 3 2,371

6 118,100

6 2,718

Non-Germinated Peas 9 114,200 125,455 9 3,181

O2 (ppm/s) CO2 (ppm/s) 12 111,230 125,455 12 3,588

0 125,450 1904
3 125,450 1901

6 125,455 1897

9 125,455 1902 Time Interval

Time Interval Germinated Peas in Room Temperature Germinated Peas in Cool Temperature

12 125,455 1905 Minutes O2 (ppm/s) O2 (ppm/s) Minutes CO2 (ppm/s) CO2 (ppm/s)
0 125,450 125,450 0 1,962 1,962
3 121,100

3 2,371

6 118,100

6 2,718

Germinated Peas in Cool Temperature 9 114,200

9 3,181

Time Interval (mins) O2 (ppm/s) CO2 (ppm/s) 12 111,230

12 3,588

0 125,450 1,962
3 123,100 2,171

6 119,100 2,518

9 117,200 2,981 Time Interval Germinated Peas Beetles Time Interval Germinated Peas Beetles
12 114,230 3,288 Minutes O2 (ppm/s) O2 (ppm/s) Minutes CO2 (ppm/s) CO2 (ppm/s)
0 125,450 125,450 0 1,962

3 121,100

3 2,371

6 118,100

6 2,718

Beetles 9 114,200

9 3,181

Time Interval (mins) O2 (ppm/s) CO2 (ppm/s) 12 111,230

12 3,588

0 125,450 1,960
3 119,000 2,999
6 110,106 3,878
9 101,099 4,681
12 97,074 5,979

																																																																																																																																																																																																																																												Table 1(A-D) Raw Data from Lab Quest ( Do not use in result section)	The Data from Table 2-4 – to be used in the Project lab report-Result Section
Table 1A
				Germinated Peas	Make Line Graphs from the Tables below-Tables- 2(A-B),										3
						Time Interval										O2 (ppm/s)										CO2 (ppm/s)
									0											12	1,										9										6	Comparing Different Respiratory Gases in Different Specimens
			121,100				2,371	Table 2A	Table 2B
			118,100				2,718	Difference in Oxygen Levels in Labquest in Germinated and			Non-Germinated Peas	Difference in Carbin Dioxide Levels in Labquest in Germinated and Non-Germinated Peas
			114,200				3,181
			111,230				3,588						Minutes
										125,450					1,962		1904
	1901
Table 1B						125,455		1897
	1902
		Time Interval (mins)		1905
Table 3A	Table 3B
Difference in Oxygen Levels in Labquest in Germinated Peas in Room and Cold temperature	Difference in Carbon Dioxide Levels in Labquest in Germinated Peas in Room and Cold temperature
	Germinated Peas in Room Temperature			Germinated Peas in Cool Temperature
	123,100		2,171
Table 1C		119,100		2,518
	117,200		2,981
	114,230		3,288
Table 4A	Table 4B
Difference in Oxygen Levels in Labquest in Germinated Peas and			Beetles	Difference in Carbon Dioxide Levels in Labquest in Germinated Peas in Room and Beetles
	1,960
	119,000		2,999
Table 1D		110,106		3,878
	101,099		4,681
	97,074		5,979

WRITING A LABORATORY REPORT ( or format only)

PARTS

OF THE LAB REPORT

Follow the lab project report guidelines but remember this guideline is not comprehensive- be attentive of the guidelines explained by TAs (for modifications/alterations)

To write a lab report, referencing the laboratory manual/ Biology textbook is only a beginning. Seek out original sources, primary literature (peer‐reviewed journal articles). Limit textbook citations, as the information is less reliable than primary literature. Use the library/e-library resources to find more detailed information on the topic.

The completed laboratory report is to include the following sections as described:

1. TITLE PAGE

· Informative report title (it should describe lab content concisely, adequately & appropriately)

· Your full name

· Your email address (UNT email)

· Course and section numbers (BIOL1760/61.xxx)

· Date report submitted

· Laboratory instructor name (TA name)

2. ABSTRACT

Concise summary in one paragraph (200-400 words) that summarizes your report as follows:

· The scientific context of your experiment (what are you testing & why?)

· What you did

· How you did it (generally – NO specifics; do not write the method here)

· What you found (state your results qualitatively, not quantitatively)

· What it means- 1-2 sentence discussion and conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION

· Background information so that a reader will understand the purpose of your experiment

· Explain the purpose of the research project

· State the formulated hypotheses /rationale and predictions being tested when appropriate for the research project.

· Generally, 2 paragraphs long, 1st paragraph going over major concepts and key terms. While the second paragraph addresses the experiment, questions it is trying to answer, and predicted outcomes.

· Talk about the experiment; what are the procedures, what were the controls, independent and dependent variables, what analysis or comparison do you plan on doing to your results etc.

· Give a brief description of treatments used and what was measured.

· Generally, this part of the lab report will have the most references/citations- cite experiments from journals & relate to your experiment.

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS

· Describe the procedure in your own words (so that the procedure could be replicated)

· Make sure to report any changes from the lab protocol!!!

· Methods and materials should be written separately and concisely.

· Details like concentrations (mM, g/L, etc.), temperatures, and sample size should be mentioned

· Tables can be used to show your different treatment groups (i.e. how you set them up)

· No references/citations usually noted in this section.

5. RESULTS

· Open with a statement of the overall findings from the experiment

· Describe your results (point out trends or important features) and explicitly reference figures/images

· Insert tables/figures/graphs/images to describe your results (see below for details)

· Mention in the results, what were the numbers, the calculated data, tables, graphs, charts, any other visuals such as pictures of specimens where applicable, etc.

FIGURES/TABLES/DIAGRAMS- Summarize your data into graphs and tables (in the results section) with headings, labels and legends:

· Graph: Figure 1 to Figure X

· Include Figure legends (text below the Figure) so that it is not necessary to refer back to the report to understand the Figure. Include information about methods (temperature, concentration), how the data are expressed, sample size, and any abbreviations

· Label the axes and define all treatments (including units if appropriate)

· Make sure to include a title!

· Make sure the graphs are easy to read and sized appropriately

· Pay attention to formatting. For example, the title of a graph should not be on a separate page from the graph itself.

· Table: Table 1 to Table X

· Use columns for categories of information (i.e. size, shape, etc.)

· Use rows for the different entries (i.e. species of bacteria)

· Include Table captions (text above the Table) so that it is not necessary to refer back to the report to understand the Table. A caption presents a succinct statement of the contents of the table.

· No references/citations usually noted in this section.

6. DISCUSSION

· Open with a statement that either supports/rejects hypothesis or rationale

· Back up that statement by referring to findings from the experiment (briefly, do not re-state the same data from the results section & do not refer to figures/tables)

· Generally, the number of paragraphs reflects the amount of data.

· Interpret your results (data/image) and relate to your initial rationale or hypothesis at the beginning of the experiment

· Discuss any expected/unexpected findings regarding the hypothesis/rationale you made in the INTRODUCTION section

· Address any issues that you encountered during the experiment (like problems/errors)

· Explain why they might have occurred

· Explain what you could do to fix the problem/error

· Critique the experimental design used

· Does it adequately address the hypotheses/rationale being tested?

· Were there faulty assumptions in the design that make interpretation of the data difficult?

· What new questions are prompted by the results?

· Describe technical factors that you believe might help the reader interpret your data

· What do your results mean? Make a claim if you can “this evidence supports the idea that….” But do not say “proves”.

· Can have references/citations to help back your claim

7. CONCLUSION

The summary of the result and discussion in concise manner.

8. REFERENCES

· This section should list the references using APA format (

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/

)

· Make sure to have in-text citations in the Project Report (citations in the different parts of the Project- e.g.- Introduction/Discussion part)

· Prepare a complete alphabetized (by first author’s last name) list of references cited in your report at the end of the report.

· At least, 2 primary journal article citations required!

· DO NOT use direct quotes, paraphrase the info from the article and cite the source

· DO NOT use lab reports or presentations found online. ONLY use peer-reviewed publications.

· The citation should be in your text as well as the reference section!

· Copying/pasting from the web/any other source is considered plagiarism & will result in a zero!

· For references, the laboratory manual is only a beginning. Seek out original sources, primary literature (peer‐reviewed journal articles). Limit textbook citations, as the information is less reliable than primary literature. Use the library to find more detailed information on the topic.

FORMATTING THE DOCUMENT

· The report is to be typewritten.

· Send in or format only.

· One-inch margins

· Twelve-point font (Times New Roman/Calibri/Arial)

· Double spaced (to allow for comments)

· Bold or underline headings for each section to separate it from the paragraph

· DO NOT use the words: I, we, got, etc.

· DO NOT use contractions (i.e. – “don’t”; instead, write “do not”)

· Use active past tense (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/)

· Form complete sentences & check spelling!!

· Approximate length of the report –as specified by the TA

· Spelling and grammar are essential; if you do not use both wisely, your report will not have good grade.

· For students requiring writing assistance, visit the UNT Student Writing Center website at

http://www.unt.edu/writinglab/

. Locations and hours are listed.

· While expected to be neat in presentation, the lab report will be graded primarily on the accuracy and quality of technical content.

Late submission Policy:

Check the due date for your lab report in your Canvas sections. All submission assignments (e.g. research project lab report) will have two points deducted per day if submitted later than the due date. A grade of zero for the assignment will be given after 2 late days, regardless of the reason for non-submission.

Talk to your instructor in advance of the due date if circumstances beyond your control keep you from turning in a report on time. Otherwise, the instructor will have no other option but to assign a grade of zero for the report.

Policy on Academic Misconduct:

The laboratory report is to be in the words of the individual student. Therefore, reports that appear to be the work of more than one person will receive a grade of zero for the assignment for all parties involved.

No cheating will be tolerated. Anyone cheating (all forms) or exhibiting behaviors consistent with cheating, including, but not limited to, assisting other students with cheating: accepting credit for another’s work, etc., will receive as a minimum punishment a grade of zero for the graded item. Plagiarism is presenting the work of another as your own or re-using your work for another class in this class without permission. Plagiarism will not be tolerated; the student will get a grade of zero for that assessment. In circumstances where a student copied another student’s work, both students will get a grade of zero for the graded item. More severe punishment will be given depending upon the circumstances.

2

>Sheet

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

points)

3

3

3

3

2

points)

2

3

3

5

2

(5 points)

3

0

Lab Report Rubric

Category

Scoring Criteria

Total Points

Score

Title (1 point)

Describes lab report title concisely, adequately, appropriately

Citation (2 points)

In-Text citations

References listed at the end of report & adhere to proper format

Abstract (2 points)

Conveys a sense of the full report concisely and effectively

Introduction (7 points)

Successfully establishes the scientific concept of the lab

Effectively presents the objectives and purpose of the lab

3

States formulated hypothesis/rationale and provides logical reasoning for it

Methods (3 points)

Gives enough details to allow for replication of procedure.

Results

Opens with effective statement of overall findings

(1

5

Presents visuals clearly and accurately

Verbally describes results, pointing out trends and important features

Successfully integrates verbal and visual representations

Format of tables and figures/images is correct

Discussion

Opens with effective statement of support of hypothesis

(1

0

Backs up statement with reference to appropriate findings

Provides sufficient and logical explanation for the statement

Sufficiently addresses other issues pertinent to the lab

Conclusion

Convincingly describes

(5 points)

what has been learned in the lab

Organization/Formatting

Report is written in scientific style:

clear and to the point

Grammar and spelling are correct

Name:

Total points:

50

Number of days late: