In the results section, you are to write at least one paragraph – although at least two would be best – where you break down the actual data that you got. One thing that is strange about this section is that you DO NOT write what the data means… just what the numbers are. This section also includes the results of the ttest AND should include at least one graph. A table could be helpful, but only in specific circumstances… talk to me about when and where to use one.

So, this about a checklist for this section like:

1. one paragraph relating the number results of your study. This would sound like, “300 students were included in the repeated quiz attempt study. Of those 300 students, 145 took each quiz more than twice and 155 had an average quiz attempt of less than two. In addition, of all the 300 students, 33% (or 100 students) received A’s on their tests, 40% scored an A on the final exam, and 43% scored a 90% or more in their overall course score. For the distribution of dependent variable scores, see Table 1, below.”
2. one graph; although more than one graph is probably better.
3. One paragraph describing the graph. This is LITERALLY a boring description of the graph. You need to do this because you cannot assume people know how to read a graph… people are pretty dumb, you know.
4. One paragraph describing your statistical analysis. We worked on ttests and I am not asking you to do any other statistical tests, BUT you must include this one. In the case of my example, since I had 3 dependent variables, I have to do 3 ttests.

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2

>TTest Practice

and

Stimulation

and

.000

633

7

2

42

36

18

01

>0.05

<0.05

) and ten younger adults (between

and 30) were give a life satisfaction test (known to have high reliability and validity).

s on the measure range from 0 to 60 with high scores indicative of high life satisfaction; low scores indicative of low life satisfaction. The data are presented below. Compute the appropriate t-test.

percent body weight) are tested for the number of chocolate chips consumed during a

minute period of time both with and without electrical stimulation. The testing conditions are counter balanced. Compute the appropriate t-test for the data provided below.

% poultry) and poultry. The results below are the calorie content of the different brands of beef and poultry hotdogs.

Score No Stimulation 8 Beef

0

20

No Stimulation 7 Beef 190

15 No Stimulation 4 Beef

21

No Stimulation 14 Beef

21 36 No Stimulation 6 Beef

22 No Stimulation 7 Beef

6

No Stimulation 12 Beef

26 19 No Stimulation 5 Beef

26

No Stimulation 5 Beef

24 No Stimulation 8 Beef

30

Stimulation 12 Beef

70

Stimulation 7 Beef

70

Stimulation 3 Beef 149

25 Stimulation 11 Beef

71

Stimulation 8 Beef

52 Stimulation 5 Beef

73 39 Stimulation 14 Beef

73

Stimulation 7 Beef

46 Stimulation 9 Beef

Stimulation 10 Beef

80

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry 135
Poultry 132
Poultry

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry 102

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry

Poultry 86

																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																																	Use a T Test and the following data to address the four questions below for EACH scenario.
What would be the null hypothesis in this study?	Life satisfaction between old and young falk is the same	Zappin’ Rats between										Stimulation											No	Hot Dog Cateries between																	Poultry																				Beef
What is the result of the ttest?		0		4								7				3		6	0.4		9						8	30					1	0.000		11							5
	Is there a statistically significant difference between the two groups?	Yes, because 0.00047<0.05	No, because 0.498		73	24	yes, because 0.0001			14
	Interpret your answer.	old falks and young falks have different life statisfaction	stimulation and no stimulationb in food intake in rats.	Beef and Poultry have different calories.
Life Satisfaction TDSchmalz: TDSchmalz: http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/ttest.html	Zappin’ Rats TDSchmalz: TDSchmalz: http://faculty.webster.edu/woolflm/ttest.html	Hot Dog Calories TDSchmalz: TDSchmalz: http://www.statstutor.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/unpaired-t-test
A research study was conducted to examine the differences between older and younger adults on perceived life satisfaction. A pilot study was conducted to examine this hypothesis. Ten older adults (over the age of		70		20	Score	A researcher hypothesizes that electrical stimulation of the lateral habenula will result in a decrease in food intake (in this case, chocolate chips) in rats. Rats undergo stereotaxic surgery and an electrode is implanted in the right lateral habenula. Following a ten day recovery period, rats (kept at	80		10	(Data taken from Moore and McCabe – Introduction to the Practice of Statistics) A U.S. magazine, Consumer Reports, carried out a survey of the calorie and sodium content of a number of different brands of hotdog. There were three types of hotdog: beef, ’meat‘ (mainly pork and beef but can contain up to		15
Age			19
		26
		21	1	86
34	184
181
	22		17
	25	27	175
158
37	157
29	153
41	1	52
45		149
48
	71	148
38	141
72	1	39
	135
	46		132
78	131
79	55	111
51	170
152
146
144
143
142
129
113
106
	102
99
94
87

TTest Study

8

Junk Food 7

.

Junk Food 20

Junk Food 14

junk and natural food Junk Food 6

Junk Food 17

No Junk Food 12

Junk Food 5

Number of people Junk Food 15

Junk Food 8

Junk Food 12

Junk Food 7

Is there a statistically significant difference between the two groups?

Junk Food 3

2

Interpret your answer.

Natural Food 1

Natural Food 0
Natural Food 5
Natural Food 7
Natural Food 9
Natural Food 3
Natural Food 10
Natural Food 11
Natural Food 4

Natural Food 5

Natural Food 8

Natural Food 5
Natural Food 7

Using SOME of the data from the “Student Demographic Data” GoogleSheet, address the following prompts:

Copy-Paste ONLY the columns of data that you need from the GoogleSheet to the right

Which food people like more ?

Number of people

What is you hypothesis?

Pepole that like Junk food than the other like natural food.

Junk Food

What is your null hypothesis?

People like difference Between

junk and natural food

What is your independent variable?

Do you have multiple dependent variables?

What is/are your dependent variable(s)?

What is the numerical result of your Ttest?

0.0073918565

Yes, because 0.007391857<0.5

Natural Food

Different people likes different food.

TELEHEALTH 5

LITERATURE REVIEW.

COVID-19 pandemic has led to a tremendous development in telehealth services around the world. This has primarily been owed to necessities behind the social distancing necessities and the requisite to prevent transmission of the pandemic. Though telehealth has been existing before, COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness and adaption of telehealth by many healthcare providers, patients and the society at large. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic Scotland experienced a 1000% increase in video consultations, during a 2 week period in March 2020. The proportion of consultations through videoconference in Australia, increased from 0.2% (February 2020) to 35% (April 2020) provided through videoconference and telephone. In USA, Telehealth programme empowered 1300 health specialists to be telehealth-ready. the percentage of telehealth consultations in USA increased from less than 1% to 70% of the total visits Within a month, this allowed >1000 video visits a day.  An Australian survey on telehealth use reported >80% of the participants considered telehealth service as of good quality or excellent (Thomas et al., 2020).

During COVID-19 pandemic epidemic, mental health surveys where done online in China with the aid of applications such as WeChat and TikTok. Chinese government launched an online consultation network carried out through the internet or on telephone consultations. During the COVID-19 pandemic Iranian Society of Radiology delivered teleconsultation and teleradiology services through social media in response to shortage of onsite thoracic radiologists. In the USA staff use remote health technology in developing staffing plans and carrying out healthcare billing to protect patient’s health and safety. According to a study carried out in the United States electronic health records and phone calls facilitates screening and treating patients without face to face visits, this improves decision making amongst healthcare workforce in emergency and ambulance care (Monaghesh, 2020).

The Australian government announced an AUS $2.4 billion healthcare package to fight COVID-19 with AUS $100 million promised to fund telehealth consultations through video or phone and on March 30, 2020, it announced financing of AUS $669 million a universal telehealth programme for all the citizens of the country enabling healthcare access through telephone or video from home. On March 10 Scotland announced that they were accelerating an investment of US $1.5 million plus US $10 million implementation costs to support video consultations. The United States announced development of telehealth services through telephone and videos, allowing people to use the services over 6 months in platforms such as Facetime and Skype (Fisk, 2020).

REFERENCES.

Fisk, M., Livingstone, A., & Pit, S. W. (2020). Telehealth in the context of COVID-19: Changing perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Preprint). doi:10.2196/preprints.19264

Monaghesh, E., & Hajizadeh, A. (2020). The role of Telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic review based on current evidence. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-23906/v2

Thomas, E. E., Haydon, H. M., Mehrotra, A., Caffery, L. J., Snoswell, C. L., Banbury, A., & Smith, A. C. (2020). Building on the momentum: Sustaining Telehealth beyond COVID-19.  Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 1357633X2096063. doi:10.1177/1357633×20960638

INTEGRATED INVESTIGATION HYPOTHESIS 3

Integrated Investigation Hypothesis: The effectiveness of the Telehealth Model

COVID-19 pandemic changed life as many people knew it. Due to the nature and transmission of the diseases, governments instituted measures that curbed movement. Cities were put under lockdowns and the public was instructed to stay indoors unless going out for supplies. Consequentially, very few people in need of health services visited health care centers. Only people with serious medical conditions and those suspected of having the COVID-19 diseases visited hospitals. To ensure that health services were available even when people could not visit hospitals, health care centers and hospitals adopted and implemented telehealth. Some individuals believe that telehealth is effective at handling the majority of minor health complications. Some are of the contrary opinion.

To establish whether telehealth is an effective health model that can be compared to physical physician visits an investigation will be carried out. To conduct the test, the research team will approach one of the local hospitals that have implemented telehealth and request to carry out the investigation. The hospital will offer data on at least fifteen patients suffering from similar conditions but on different treatment models; telehealth and physical physician visits. The data will prove if the two models are equal in health care services provision. The expected outcome of the investigation is that telehealth is an effective model for the treating of minor illness just as physical physician visits.

TELEHEALTH 2

METHODOLOGY.

This study will be a systematic review of data from a hospital that has implemented telehealth, whereby data from fifteen patients suffering from the same disease will be reviewed comparing those who are enrolled to the telehealth model with those who are in physical physician visit model. This study will use Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct and Web of Science for searching to identify related and published researches. The search will be conducted on Abstracts and Titles. All studies published between December 31, 2019 and April 3, 2020, containing evidence reporting the effectiveness of telehealth services during COVID-19; pandemic period, written in English and published in peer reviewed journals will be included in the study search.  Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists will be used to assess the quality of studies included. To express and synthesize the results of studies included, narrative synthesis by comparing and contrasting the data will be undertaken.