May I get help with an assignment?

THIS IS THE REPLY ONLY AND IT IS DUE THIS COMING FRIDAY NIGHT 3/12/21

YOU JUST NEED TO RESPOND TO THIS AND PLEASE USE REFERENCES

Why do some individuals develop addictions while others do not? Provide three answers, each based on a different theory of addiction. Be sure to reference factors that contribute to addictions.

There are several reasons why individuals develop addictions while others do not. According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services the studies show through neuroscience that alcohol changes the brain and how those changes influence certain behaviors

(Staff, 2009).

Our reading identifies Models of Addictions as Moral, Psychological, Sociocultural, Medical and Biopsychosocial. The Moral model views alcoholism as a moral weakness (Miller, 2015). Morals especially when thinking spiritually/religiously can play a big part on why individuals develops an addiction and others will not. If a person is spiritual or their religion practice considers drinking or the use of any drug as a sin, most likely they will not try anything that goes against their moral. While a person who may or may not be spiritual, may not see anything wrong with consuming alcohol or drugs might become addicted because of the chemical imbalance that drugs/alcohol can cause (Staff, 2009).  For example, as my relationship with God grew and I started learning God’s Word, I stop drinking. I started to feel convicted moral when I tried to do the thing that I use to do before I rededicated my life to God.

The Sociocultural Model identifies social forces that contribute to alcoholism such as family structure and family genetics, peer pressure, culture, availability and crisis times (Miller, 2015). These stressors can lead to addiction depending on the individual, if someone grows up in a home that was unstable and alcoholism runs in their family, those individuals are more like to become alcoholics. The more a person drinking the more the tolerance level increase (Staff, 2009), because of that an individual will need to consume more alcohol to reach the same level of drunkenness as time goes on. You can have two people same ethnicity; one family have a history of family abuse while the other do not. They both experience the same crises, the one with the history of abuse may become an addict the other one who had fewer negative experiences may not become an addict because the more positive experience he/she had. Changing a person environment can change the outcome in the sociocultural model.

Biopsychosocial Model views the biological aspect impacting the psychological aspect impacting the social aspect of the individual (Miller, 2015) . Rather or not alcoholism is considered a disease will be an ongoing debate (Miller, 2015). An example for the biopsychosocial model would be an individual who have mental help issues (bipolar) and drinks to help deal with the voices he/she hears. If the individual’s mental health issue was addressed and they understood the importance of taking their medication the individual will not need to drink to cope with the mental health issues.

Which theory resonates the most for you and why?

The Sociocultural Model resonates with me, because of how the change of one or two things can change the whole outcome. You wonder why people with the same background handles the same situation differently, what will make one person stronger or make them want to do better because of the experiences, the other person will accept the situation they are in as their reality.

THIS IS ALSO A TWO-PART ASSIGNMENT. THE DISCUSSION IS DUE 3/17/21 AND THE ASSIGNMENT IS DUE 3/20/21. THIS IS EVERYTHING YOU NEED FOR THE WORK.

Week 3: Physiological Effects of Substances

This is your brain. This is your brain on drugs.

—The Museum of Broadcast Communications

What does it take to convince someone of the negative short- and long-term effects of substances so they will quit abusing them? In 1987, the Advertising Media Partnership for a Drug-Free America (PDFA) created its largest advertising campaign ever with this slogan and an iconic image of an egg frying in a pan. The creative image took only seconds to convey the dangerous physical effects of drugs. The fragility of the brain captured by the egg sizzling in oil, and the image of frying—which has become part of the slang for getting “high”—made a lasting impression on the target audience for the PDFA campaign.

The reality is that the physiological effects of substance abuse are not always obvious from the “outside.” One cannot see a brain “frying” like an egg in a pan. Fortunately, certain hallmarks of addiction, including tolerance and withdrawal, have been established that indicate to some extent whether someone is becoming or is in danger of becoming addicted. This week, you analyze the relationship between the hallmarks of addiction and the physiological effects of substances. You also evaluate the dangers of physiological effects of addictive substances and develop a communication strategy to warn against them.

Reference

The Museum of Broadcast Communications. (2013). Retrieved from

http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=publicservice

Learning Objectives

Students will:

· Analyze relationship between hallmarks of addiction and physiological effects of addictive substances

· Evaluate physiological dangers of addictive substances

Learning Resources

Note:

 To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Required Readings

Gilpin, N. W., & Koob, G. F. (2008). Neurobiology of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Research & Health, 31(3), 185.

Focus on understanding the stages and of alcohol dependence.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2010). Drugs, brains, and behavior: The science of addiction. Bethesda, MD: Author. Retrieved from the NIDA website: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/science-addiction

Focus on the varied approaches to the prevention and treatment of addiction.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2011). Drug facts: High school and youth trends. Bethesda, MD: Author. Retrieved from the NIDA website: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/high-school-youth-trends

Document: Physiological Effects of Addictive Substances (PDF)

Optional Resources

Siegel, S. (2005). Drug tolerance, drug addiction, and drug anticipation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(6,) 296–300.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2020). Foundations of addictions counseling (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

· Chapter 2, “Substance Addictions”
Focus on the role of tolerance and withdrawal in substance use.

· Chapter 16, “Substance Use Prevention Programs across the Life Span”
Focus on the particular characteristics of adolescents that might make them vulnerable to addictions. Also focus on successful programs already established and messages that have been crafted for adolescents.

Clark, T. T. (2010). Reviewing the connection between paradigms and theories to understand adolescent drug use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 19(1), 16–32. 

Focus on some of the theories for adolescent drug use and consider how these might inform information on dangers of substance abuse.

Hall, A. J., Logan, J. E., Toblin, R. L., Kaplan, J. A., Kraner, J. C., Bixler, D., . . . Paulozzi, L. J. (2008). Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 300(22).

Focus on unintentional deaths by drug overdose involving the abuse of prescription medication.

Hendricks, P. S., Prochaska, J. J., Humfleet, G. L., & Hall, S. M. (2008). Evaluating the validities of different DSM-IV-based conceptual constructs of tobacco dependence. Addiction, 103(7), 1,215–1,223.

Focus on the measurements and findings of nicotine addiction. The article is based on DSM-IV, however the DSM-5 has not changed the conceptual constructs of tobacco dependence.

THIS IS DUE 3/17/21

Discussion: Short- and Long-Term Dangers of Substances

Addiction may look different in different individuals. There are certain hallmarks of addiction, including tolerance and withdrawal, which have been established for recognizing when an individual crosses over from use, to abuse, to addiction. A distinct relationship exists between the hallmarks of addiction and the physiological effects of addictive substances.

In this Discussion, you will examine these hallmarks and the physiological effects of addictive substances as you provide an example that demonstrates their relationship.

To prepare for this Discussion:

· Review Foundations of Addictions Counseling, Chapter 2, “Substance Addictions.”

· Review the report, “Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction.”

· Review the article “Neurobiology of Alcohol Dependence,”

· Review the document titled, “Physiological Effects of Addictive Substances.”

By Day 4

Post your response to the following:

What is the relationship between hallmarks of addiction and physiological effects of addictive substances? Provide an example that best describes this relationship and explain why. Provide at least one citation to support your example.

Note:

 The confidentiality of the Discussion cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, please do not include identifying details of actual individuals or organizations in your responses.

Be specific and use the week’s Learning Resources in your response.

THIS IS DUE 3/20/21

Assignment: Creating Awareness of Risks

Although many new nationally known programs are available aimed at preventing substance abuse and addictions, many people develop addictions every year. The tendency to develop addiction varies with different ages, cultures, and other factors. One population that is most at risk of developing addictions is the high-school-age population. Studies have shown that adolescents perceive themselves as invulnerable to poor health (Santrock, 2010). In addition, physical development is taking place that makes them more at risk for substance abuse. The amygdala, for example, which is more driven by primitive impulses, is in a state of transition. Young adults do not have fully developed prefrontal cortexes, which are responsible for delaying gratification, controlling impulses, planning, prioritizing, and focusing, until later adolescence (Perkinson, 2012). This week, you will develop a communication tool to create awareness of the short- and long-term physiological dangers of substance addiction for this important-to-reach high-school-age population.

To prepare for this Assignment:

· Review the article “Drug Facts: High School and Youth Trends”.

· Become familiar with some graphic tools that may aid you in preparation of your poster.

By Day 7

Submit a visually interesting poster for a high-school-age population that includes the following:

· Short- and long-term physiological effects of an addictive substance

· A slogan or paragraph that translates facts into a compelling message for this population

Be specific and draw on the required readings for this week in the creation of your poster.

Note:
 Create your poster in whichever program works best for you, such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft Publisher (to create a PDF), or any open-source program you choose. You may also submit a photograph of your poster as a digital file, such as a jpeg or tiff file.

References

Perkinson, R. T. (2012). Chemical dependency counseling: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Santrock, J. W. (2010). Adolescence (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.