Starting at the Earth’s surface and going towards the center of the Earth, what is the correct order of Earth’s layers?

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Multiple Choice

·

crust, lowermost mantle, uppermost mantle, outer core, inner core

·

crust, uppermost mantle, lowermost mantle, inner coure, outer core

·

crust, uppermost mantle, lowermost mantle, outer core, inner core

·

uppermost mantle, lowermost mantle, crust, outer core, inner core

·

uppermost mantle, crust, lowermost mantle, outer core, inner core

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________ in the mantle and core make tectonic plates move.

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Multiple Choice

· Conduction movements

· Earthquakes

· Radioactive decay

· Convection currents

· Conduction currents

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“Subduction” is the process of a tectonic plate

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Multiple Choice

· falling freely into the mantle.

· being forced below another plate.

· melting without moving.

· sliding alongside another plate.

· being sucked into the outer core.

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Which of the following statements regarding tectonic plate movement is

 

true?

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Multiple Choice

· Because of tectonic movements, Europe and Africa are drifting slowly toward the Americas.

· When continental plates collide with continental plates, both plates usually subside.

· When oceanic plates collide with continental plates, the continent usually rides up over the seafloor.

· Because of tectonic movements, India is moving away from China.

· When oceanic plates collide with continental plates, the oceanic plate usually rides up over the continental plate.

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The “Ring of Fire” is the source of more earthquakes and volcanic activity than any other place on earth. What causes the Ring of Fire?

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Multiple Choice

· the subduction of Pacific plates under continental plates

· the drift of Europe and Africa away from the Americas

· the collision of two continental plates

· mid-oceanic ridges

· earthquakes

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Rocks are _______ in the process called the rock cycle.

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Multiple Choice

· moved from place to place

· incorporated into living organisms

· broken down and converted to new types of rock

· transported as in the hydrologic cycle

· reorganized without any changes in mineral composition

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Which of the following would you not use to classify a rock you found on a recent hike?

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Multiple Choice

· chemical composition

· physical properties

· internal structure

· mode of formation

· color

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Rock formed from magma extruded to the surface through volcanic vents is classified as

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Multiple Choice

· sedimentary.

· igneous.

· metamorphic.

· weathered rock.

· lava

.

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The physical breakdown of a rock into smaller pieces is called

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Multiple Choice

· the rock cycle.

· sedimentation.

· chemical weathering.

· mechanical weathering.

· abrasion.

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Metamorphic rocks are produced when rocks are

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Multiple Choice

· chemically weathered.

· formed by heat and pressure.

· physically broken down.

· melted in the mantle and emitted as lava.

· recrystallized through chemical processes.

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__________ rocks are often the source of metal ores such as gold, silver, and copper.

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Multiple Choice

· Evaporite

· Igneous

· Metamorphic

· Sedimentary

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Evaporites, formed from ___________, are important economically because they are often found at or above 97% purity and are __________.

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Multiple Choice

· igneous rocks; important due to their strength, lightness, and malleability

· metamorphic rocks; important due to their strength, lightness, and malleability

· evaporation of mineral solutions such as salt water; important due to their strength, lightness, and malleability

· igneous rocks; therefore concentrated in economically recoverable levels

· evaporation of mineral solutions such as salt water; therefore concentrated in economically recoverable levels

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Match the metal with its common uses

1. Copper

 

2. Aluminum

 

3. Platinum

 

4. Gold

 

5. Iron

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Match each of the options above to the items below.

· Food and beverage packaging, cars and trucks, electronics

Food and beverage packaging, cars and trucks, electronics Open choices for matching                                                              

· Medical and electronic uses, monetary standard

Medical and electronic uses, monetary standard Open choices for matching                                                              

· Catalytic converters, electronics

Catalytic converters, electronics Open choices for matching                                                              

· Steel production

Steel production Open choices for matching                                                              

· Construction and electronics

· Classify each substance as a metal, non-metal mineral, important non-mineral

·
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·

Why would the environmental degradation associated with mining be a low priority for a less-developed country?

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Multiple Choice

· The country relies on the export of a mineral for the majority of their foreign exchange.

· There is usually a smaller population, so that environmental consequences are of less importance.

· Less-developed countries are more likely to import minerals so environmental degradation is not as important to them.

· The environmental impact of mining is low.

· Environmental degradation is usually not concern for residents of less-developed countries.

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If metals are deposited in streambeds _____ would probably be used.

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Multiple Choice

· placer mining

·

strip mining

· underground mining

· spoil bank mining

· open-pit mining

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What gas is released in the process of smelting?

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· carbon monoxide

· chlorine

· sulfur dioxide

· ammonia

· ozone

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The need for extraction of raw metals for making steel has been reduced due to the

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Multiple Choice

· increase in the number of smelters.

· increase in minimills which use scrap iron and steel.

· decrease in demand for steel.

· decrease in amount of ore used to produce high quality steel.

· increase in legislation and regulation for the extraction of raw materials.

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Half the coal used in the United States comes from this extraction process:

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Multiple Choice
·
strip mining
·

open-pit mines

·

tar fields

·

oil rigs

·

runoff from farms

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Pressurized fluid injected into a well is used in a mining process called

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· fracking.

· heap-leach extraction.

· placer mining.

· injection molding.

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The extraction and purification of metals and fossil fuels often lead to ______________ pollution.

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· air

· soil

· water

·

air and water

·

air and soil and water

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Why is recycling metals an economic benefit as well as a tool for conservation of resources?

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· It takes much less energy to produce metal products from scrap than to mine new metal ore.

· If people know a company uses recycled metals, they will buy more product.

· It actually doesn’t make economic sense, it’s just for conservation.

· Products made from recycled materials cost less to buy.

· Products made from recycled materials cost more in energy to produce.

Match each geological hazard with its cause.

1. Earthquake

 

2. Volcano

 

3. Flood

 

4. Landslide

 

5. Tsunami

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Match each of the options above to the items below.

· One rock mass slides past another one along a fault line in a sudden motion to release built up stress caused by friction that didn’t allow the plates to move smoothly against each other.

One rock mass slides past another one along a fault line in a sudden motion to release built up stress caused by friction that didn’t allow the plates to move smoothly against each other. Open choices for matching                                                              

· When bodies of water increase in volume such that they cover areas outside the normal boundaries.

When bodies of water increase in volume such that they cover areas outside the normal boundaries. Open choices for matching                                                              

· When a slope collapses because the sediments are not consolidated by normal vegetation or are disrupted by development.

When a slope collapses because the sediments are not consolidated by normal vegetation or are disrupted by development. Open choices for matching                                                              

· Giant waves formed by offshore earthquakes that can move very quickly and create very large breakers at the shoreline.

Giant waves formed by offshore earthquakes that can move very quickly and create very large breakers at the shoreline. Open choices for matching                                                              

· Points in the earth’s crust where magma can reach the surface.

Which of the following is not an issue from “mass wasting?”

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· soil creep

· landslides

· gully development

· flooding

A giant sea swell known as a tsunami is caused by

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· typhoons.

· earthquakes.

· lunar gravity.

· unusual tides combined with seasonal storms.

· a strong wave during an exceptionally high tide.

The largest earthquake in recorded history took place in 1812 near New Madrid.  This region still has a large risk of earthquakes.  If you live in ____________ you are in the New Madrid seismic zone.

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Multiple Choice

· California

· Florida

· Kentucky

· Washington

In 71 A.D., Mount Vesuvius erupted killing thousands of people in Herculaneum and Pompeii.  What aspect of the eruption killed the people?

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· ash

· landslides
· lava

· nuees ardentes (hot, toxic gases)

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A) State the natural function of a floodplain.  (1 point)

B) State two alterations humans have made to floodplains which have increased property loss and/or loss of life from floods.  (2 points)

State the natural function of barrier islands.  (1 point)

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