You are working the dispatch desk of a “Type A” operator, and you are a few hours into your shift. The previous dispatcher briefed you about a situation where a flight originated in Toronto, Ontario (YYZ) and has a destination of Brussels, Belgium (BRU), with an intermediate stop in St. John’s, Newfoundland (YYT).
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The flight was schedule to depart YYZ at 1100z, and it ended up departing YYZ approximately 90 minutes late due to late connecting passengers, and incurred another 45 minute delay due to poor weather delays (including de-icing and ATC delays). Upon landing in YYT at a time of 1600z, there is a maintenance issue encountered with the hydraulic system that necessitates a further delay of 3 to 4 hours, since a part has to be sourced and replaced on board. Added to this, the First Officer (FO) on the flight has complained that he had some food last night that is not agreeing with him, and he is not feeling 100%. According to the OFP, the projected flight time from YYT to BRU is 6 hours and 23 minutes.
Please answer the following questions:
1. Do these circumstances count as “unforeseen”, and could the crew extend their flight duty time? Why or why not (please be specific). What time could they extend to if this satisfies an “unforeseen” circumstance? Will the flight be able to make it to BRU? (2 marks)
2. If the flight crew is able to extend their flight duty day, who would have to be notified of the flight crew duty day extension? Who would perform the notification process? (2 marks)
3. What ramifications, other impacts, or limitations will this have on the crew’s next duty assignment? In other words, when can they operate their next flight, and with how much rest? How long can this next flight duty assignment be? (2 marks)
4. What other considerations do you have to worry about as the flight dispatcher on duty with regards to this situation? (2 marks)
When answering the above questions, please be sure to be specific and provide detailed examples and explanations in your answers.
This assignment is individual, and must be completed by our next class.
I will not accept any late submissions.
All assignments shall be handed in via BlackBoard.
Week 6 – Flight Duty Times and Limitations
FLP 221 – Winter 2021
Professor Sasha Goel
Seneca College
Agenda for Tonight
Catching up/feedback from last week
Flight Duty Time Limitations
Questions and Feedback
Rock ‘Em Sock ‘Em: The Sequel
Catching up / feedback
Are there any questions from last week’s material?
Did anyone discover anything interesting in the last week?
Are there any other questions about the material we covered last class?
Flight Duty Time Limitations…
So what does this refer to?
Who does this apply to?
Why is this important?
Now think hard…how can this affect flight planning?
Flight Duty Time Limitations
Section 700 of the CARs outlines all of the information about Flight Duty Times and any Limitations
Let’s look at some of the important definitions in this section
It becomes obvious that this section relates to pilots and is very important in terms of flight planning
Monitoring System (CARS 700.20)
An air operator shall have a system that monitors the flight times, flight duty periods, hours of work and rest periods of each of its flight crew members and shall include in its company operations manual the details of that system
Monitoring System (CARS 700.20)
An air operator shall have a system that monitors the flight times, flight duty periods, hours of work and rest periods of each of its flight crew members and shall include in its company operations manual the details of that system.
(2) An air operator shall, for each flight crew member, keep a record of
(a) all flight times;
(b) the start and end times as well as the duration of each flight duty period;
(c) the start and end times as well as the duration of each duty period;
(d) the start and end times as well as the duration of each rest period; and
(e) all time free from duty.
(3) A air operator shall keep a record of all notifications provided to it by a pilot-in-command under subsection 700.63(4).
(4) An air operator shall keep the records referred to in this section for a period of 24 months after the day on which they are made.
Fitness for Duty (CARS 700.26)
(1) An air operator shall not allow a flight crew member to begin a flight duty period if, before the beginning of the period, the member advises the air operator that they are fatigued to the extent that they are not fit for duty.
(2) A flight crew member shall advise every other flight crew member and the air operator as soon as the member becomes aware that they have become fatigued during a flight duty period to the extent that they are not fit for duty.
(3) If there is only one flight crew member on board the aircraft, and the member becomes aware during a flight duty period that they have become fatigued to the extent that they are not fit for duty, they shall advise the air operator immediately or, if the aircraft is in flight, as soon as possible after the aircraft has landed.
Fitness for Duty (CARS 700.26)
(4) If a person who is assigned by an air operator to act as a flight crew member, or any other person, becomes aware that the assignment would result in the maximum flight time, maximum flight duty period or maximum number of hours of work being exceeded, the member or other person shall advise the air operator as soon as possible.
(5) If a flight crew member or any other person becomes aware that the member was not granted their rest period or time free from duty, the member or other person shall advise the air operator as soon as possible.
Maximum Flight Time(CARs 700.27)
No air operator shall assign a flight crew member for flight time, and no flight crew member shall accept such an assignment, if the flight crew member’s total flight time in all flights conducted by the flight crew member will, as a result, exceed…
Maximum Flight Time(CARs 700.27)
1,000 hours in any 365 consecutive days
300 hours in any 90 consecutive days
112 hours in any 28 consecutive days
in the case of a single-pilot operation, 8 hours in any 24 consecutive hours
Maximum Flight Duty Period
(CARs 700.28)
(1) An air operator shall not assign a flight duty period to a flight crew member, and a flight crew member shall not accept such an assignment, if the flight duty period exceeds the maximum flight duty period set out in this section.
(2) If the average duration of all scheduled flights is less than 30 minutes, the maximum period of a flight duty period that begins during a period set out in column 1 of the table (see CARS) to this subsection is the number of hours set out in column 2, 3 or 4, according to the number of flights scheduled during the flight duty period.
Maximum Number of Hours of Work
(CARS 700.29)
(1) An air operator shall not assign a flight duty period to a flight crew member, and a flight crew member shall not accept such an assignment, if, as a result, the member’s number of hours of work will exceed
(a) 2,200 hours in any 365 consecutive days;
(b) 192 hours in any 28 consecutive days;
(c) 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the air operator has provided the member with the following time free from duty:
(i) 1 single day free from duty in any 168 consecutive hours, and
(ii) 4 single days free from duty in any 672 consecutive hours; or
Maximum Number of Hours of Work (CARS 700.29)
(d) 70 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the air operator has provided 120 consecutive hours free from duty, including 5 consecutive local nights’ rest, in any 504 consecutive hours and if
(i) the member is not assigned early duty, late duty or night duty,
(ii) the member is not assigned a flight duty period greater than 12 hours, and
(iii) the member’s maximum number of hours of work is 24 hours in any consecutive 48 hours.
Rest Period (CARS 700.40)
(1) An air operator shall provide a flight crew member with the following rest periods at the end of a flight duty period:
(a) if the flight duty period ends at home base,
(i) either 12 hours, or 11 hours plus the travel time to and from the place where the rest period is taken, or
(ii) if the air operator provides suitable accommodation, 10 hours in that suitable accommodation; and
(b) if the flight duty period ends away from home base, 10 hours in suitable accommodation.
Rest Period (CARS 700.40)
(2) If an air operator assigns a duty to a flight crew member for a period — excluding the time required for positioning — that exceeds by one hour or more the maximum flight duty period referred to in section 700.28, the rest period shall be the longer of
(a) the maximum flight duty period plus the amount of time worked beyond the maximum flight duty period, and
(b) the rest period referred to in subsection (1).
(3) An air operator shall have a means to determine the travel time referred to in subparagraph (1)(a)(i).
(4) An air operator shall provide a flight crew member with advance notice of the member’s rest period and its duration.
BREAK TIME!!!
Welcome Back!
B747 Landing in St. Maarten
Rest Period – Time Zone Differences (CARS 700.42)
(1) Despite section 700.40, an air operator shall provide a flight crew member with the following rest periods when their flight duty period ends away from home base:
(a) 11 consecutive hours in suitable accommodation, if the local time at the location where the flight duty period began differs by four hours from the local time at the location where the flight duty period ends; and
(b) 14 consecutive hours in suitable accommodation, if the local time at the location where the flight duty period began differs by more than four hours from the local time at the location where the flight duty period ends.
Rest Period – Positioning (CARS 700.43)
(1) If a flight crew member is required by the air operator to travel for the purpose of positioning immediately after the completion of a flight duty period and the flight duty period plus the travel time required for positioning exceed the maximum flight duty period set out in section 700.28, the air operator shall provide the member with a rest period before the beginning of the next flight duty period that is equal to the duration of
(a) the number of hours of work, if the maximum flight duty period is exceeded by three hours or less; or
(b) the number of hours of work plus the amount of time by which the maximum flight duty period is exceeded, if the maximum flight duty period is exceeded by more than three hours.
Rest Period – Positioning (CARS 700.43)
(2) Despite subsection (1), the rest period provided to the member by the air operator before the beginning of the next flight duty period shall not be shorter than the rest period required under subsection 700.40(1).
(3) An air operator shall not require the positioning of a flight crew member if it would result in the member’s maximum flight duty period being exceeded by more than three hours unless
(a) the member agrees to the positioning; and
(b) the member’s flight duty period is not exceeded by more than seven hours.
Split Flight Duty (CARS 700.50)
(1) A flight crew member’s flight duty period may exceed the maximum flight duty period set out in section 700.28 by the following amount of time, if the air operator provides the member with a break, in suitable accommodation, of at least 60 consecutive minutes during the flight duty period:
(a) 100% of the duration of the break that is provided to the member during the period beginning at 24:00 and ending at 05:59;
(b) 50% of the duration of the break that is provided to the member during the period beginning at 06:00 and ending at 23:59; and
(c) in the case of an unforeseen operational circumstance, 50% of the duration of the break that is provided to the member in the case of the replanning of a flight duty period after it has begun.
Consecutive Flight Duty Periods
(CARS 700.51)
(1) An air operator shall not assign to a flight crew member more than three consecutive flight duty periods if any part of those periods falls between 02:00 and 05:59, unless the air operator provides the member with one local night’s rest at the end of the third flight duty period.
(2) However, an air operator may assign to a flight crew member up to five consecutive flight duty periods even if any part of those periods falls between 02:00 and 05:59 if the member is provided with
(a) a rest period of three hours in suitable accommodation during each flight duty period; and
(b) 56 consecutive hours free from duty at the end of the last consecutive flight duty period.
Delayed Reporting Time (CARS 700.52)
If an air operator advises a flight crew member of a delay in the member’s reporting time before the member leaves their suitable accommodation to report for duty, the duration of the flight duty period shall, for the purposes of determining the maximum flight duty period in accordance with section 700.28, be calculated starting from either the initial reporting time or the delayed reporting time, whichever results in the shorter period.
(2) Despite subsection (1), the flight duty period shall begin, if the delay in the reporting time
(a) is less than four hours, at the delayed reporting time; or
(b) is four hours or more but less than 10 hours, four hours after the initial reporting time.
Delayed Reporting Time (CARS 700.52)
(3) If the delay in the reporting time is 10 hours or more, the duration of the delay is considered to be a rest period if the air operator advises the flight crew member of the delay before they leave the suitable accommodation, and does not disturb their rest period before an agreed time.
(4) Unless the air operator and flight crew member agree on a time when the air operator may disturb the member’s rest period referred to in subsection (3), the air operator shall not interrupt the member’s rest period other than
(a) during the 30-minute period before the time the member was initially scheduled to leave the suitable accommodation; or
(b) during the 60-minute period before the initial reporting time.
Special Cases…
Augmented Flight Crew and Rest Facilities (CARs 700.60)
Long Range Flights (CARs 700.61)
Ultra Long Range Flights (CARs 700.62)
Unforeseen Operational Circumstances (CARs 700.63 & 700.64)
Flight Crew Members on Reserve (CARs 700.70)
Flight Crew Member on Standby (CARs 700.71)
Controlled Rest on a Flight Deck (CARs 700.72)
Party Time!
Just like last time, please turn your cell phones off…
And of course…no speaking to anyone else during the quiz
Once you are finished, hand in your sheets and play Fortnite (quietly!)
Wrap-Up and Feedback
Flight Duty Times will affect you as a Flight Planner on a daily basis
Any other questions from tonight??
Homework for next week:
Continue reading CARs 700.20 – 700.72
Midterm next week!!
The midterm will cover everything from our first class until today
Week 6 – Flight Duty Times and Limitations
FLP 221 – Winter 2021
Professor Sasha Goel
Seneca College
Agenda for Tonight
• Catching up/feedback from last
week
•
Flight Duty Time Limitations
• Questions and Feedback
• Rock ‘Em Sock ‘Em: The Sequel
Catching up / feedback
Are there any questions from last
week’s material?
Did anyone discover anything
interesting in the last week?
Are there any other questions
about the material we covered
last class?
Flight Duty Time Limitations…
So what does this refer to?
Who does this apply to?
Why is this important?
Now think hard…how can this
affect flight planning?
Flight Duty Time Limitations
Section 700 of the CARs outlines all
of the information about Flight Duty
Times and any Limitations
Let’s look at some of the important
definitions in this section
It becomes obvious that this section
relates to pilots and is very
important in terms of flight planning
An air operator shall have a
system that monitors the flight
times, flight duty periods, hours
of work and rest periods of each
of its flight crew members and
shall include in its company
operations manual the details of
that system
Monitoring System (CARS 700.20)
An air operator shall have a system that monitors the flight times, flight
duty periods, hours of work and rest periods of each of its flight crew
members and shall include in its company operations manual the details
of that system.
(2) An air operator shall, for each flight crew member, keep a record of
(a) all flight times;
(b) the start and end times as well as the duration of each flight duty
period;
(c) the start and end times as well as the duration of each duty
period;
(d) the start and end times as well as the duration of each rest
period; and
(e) all time free from duty.
(3) A air operator shall keep a record of all notifications provided to it by
a pilot-in-command under subsection 700.63(4).
(4) An air operator shall keep the records referred to in this section for a
period of 24 months after the day on which they are made.
Fitness for Duty (CARS 700.26)
(1) An air operator shall not allow a flight crew member to
begin a flight duty period if, before the beginning of the
period, the member advises the air operator that they are
fatigued to the extent that they are not fit for duty.
(2) A flight crew member shall advise every other flight
crew member and the air operator as soon as the member
becomes aware that they have become fatigued during a
flight duty period to the extent that they are not fit for
duty.
(3) If there is only one flight crew member on board the
aircraft, and the member becomes aware during a flight
duty period that they have become fatigued to the extent
that they are not fit for duty, they shall advise the air
operator immediately or, if the aircraft is in flight, as soon
as possible after the aircraft has landed.
Fitness for Duty (CARS 700.26)
(4) If a person who is assigned by an air operator
to act as a flight crew member, or any other
person, becomes aware that the assignment would
result in the maximum flight time, maximum flight
duty period or maximum number of hours of work
being exceeded, the member or other person shall
advise the air operator as soon as possible.
(5) If a flight crew member or any other person
becomes aware that the member was not granted
their rest period or time free from duty, the
member or other person shall advise the air
operator as soon as possible.
No air operator shall assign a
flight crew member for flight
time, and no flight crew member
shall accept such an assignment, if
the flight crew member’s total
flight time in all flights conducted
by the flight crew member will, as
a result, exceed…
Ø (1) An air operator shall not assign a flight duty
period to a flight crew member, and a flight crew
member shall not accept such an assignment, if the
flight duty period exceeds the maximum flight duty
period set out in this section.
Ø (2) If the average duration of all scheduled flights is
less than 30 minutes, the maximum period of a
flight duty period that begins during a period set
out in column 1 of the table (see CARS) to this
subsection is the number of hours set out in
column 2, 3 or 4, according to the number of flights
scheduled during the flight duty period.
(1) An air operator shall not assign a flight duty period
to a flight crew member, and a flight crew member
shall not accept such an assignment, if, as a result, the
member’s number of hours of work will exceed
(a) 2,200 hours in any 365 consecutive days;
(b) 192 hours in any 28 consecutive days;
(c) 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the air
operator has provided the member with the
following time free from duty:
(i) 1 single day free from duty in any 168
consecutive hours, and
(ii) 4 single days free from duty in any 672
consecutive hours; or
(d) 70 hours in any 7 consecutive days if the air
operator has provided 120 consecutive hours
free from duty, including 5 consecutive local
nights’ rest, in any 504 consecutive hours and if
(i) the member is not assigned early duty,
late duty or night duty,
(ii) the member is not assigned a flight duty
period greater than 12 hours, and
(iii) the member’s maximum number of
hours of work is 24 hours in any consecutive
48 hours.
Rest Period (CARS 700.40)
(1) An air operator shall provide a flight crew member
with the following rest periods at the end of a flight
duty period:
(a) if the flight duty period ends at home base,
(i) either 12 hours, or 11 hours plus the travel
time to and from the place where the rest
period is taken, or
(ii) if the air operator provides suitable
accommodation, 10 hours in that suitable
accommodation; and
(b) if the flight duty period ends away from home
base, 10 hours in suitable accommodation.
Rest Period (CARS 700.40)
(2) If an air operator assigns a duty to a flight crew
member for a period — excluding the time required for
positioning — that exceeds by one hour or more the
maximum flight duty period referred to in section
700.28, the rest period shall be the longer of
(a) the maximum flight duty period plus the
amount of time worked beyond the maximum
flight duty period, and
(b) the rest period referred to in subsection (1).
(3) An air operator shall have a means to determine
the travel time referred to in subparagraph (1)(a)(i).
(4) An air operator shall provide a flight crew member
with advance notice of the member’s rest period and
its duration.
(1) Despite section 700.40, an air operator shall
provide a flight crew member with the
following rest periods when their flight duty
period ends away from home base:
(a) 11 consecutive hours in suitable
accommodation, if the local time at the location
where the flight duty period began differs by four
hours from the local time at the location where the
flight duty period ends; and
(b) 14 consecutive hours in suitable
accommodation, if the local time at the location
where the flight duty period began differs by more
than four hours from the local time at the location
where the flight duty period ends.
Rest Period – Positioning (CARS 700.43)
(1) If a flight crew member is required by the air operator
to travel for the purpose of positioning immediately after
the completion of a flight duty period and the flight duty
period plus the travel time required for positioning
exceed the maximum flight duty period set out in section
700.28, the air operator shall provide the member with a
rest period before the beginning of the next flight duty
period that is equal to the duration of
(a) the number of hours of work, if the maximum
flight duty period is exceeded by three hours or less;
or
(b) the number of hours of work plus the amount of
time by which the maximum flight duty period is
exceeded, if the maximum flight duty period is
exceeded by more than three hours.
Rest Period – Positioning (CARS 700.43)
(2) Despite subsection (1), the rest period provided
to the member by the air operator before the
beginning of the next flight duty period shall not
be shorter than the rest period required under
subsection 700.40(1).
(3) An air operator shall not require the positioning
of a flight crew member if it would result in the
member’s maximum flight duty period being
exceeded by more than three hours unless
(a) the member agrees to the positioning; and
(b) the member’s flight duty period is not
exceeded by more than seven hours.
Split Flight Duty (CARS 700.50)
(1) A flight crew member’s flight duty period may exceed
the maximum flight duty period set out in section 700.28 by
the following amount of time, if the air operator provides
the member with a break, in suitable accommodation, of at
least 60 consecutive minutes during the flight duty period:
(a) 100% of the duration of the break that is provided to
the member during the period beginning at 24:00 and
ending at 05:59;
(b) 50% of the duration of the break that is provided to
the member during the period beginning at 06:00 and
ending at 23:59; and
(c) in the case of an unforeseen operational
circumstance, 50% of the duration of the break that is
provided to the member in the case of the replanning of
a flight duty period after it has begun.
(1) An air operator shall not assign to a flight crew
member more than three consecutive flight duty periods
if any part of those periods falls between 02:00 and
05:59, unless the air operator provides the member with
one local night’s rest at the end of the third flight duty
period.
(2) However, an air operator may assign to a flight crew
member up to five consecutive flight duty periods even if
any part of those periods falls between 02:00 and 05:59 if
the member is provided with
(a) a rest period of three hours in suitable
accommodation during each flight duty period; and
(b) 56 consecutive hours free from duty at the end of the
last consecutive flight duty period.
Delayed Reporting Time (CARS 700.52)
If an air operator advises a flight crew member of a delay
in the member’s reporting time before the member
leaves their suitable accommodation to report for duty,
the duration of the flight duty period shall, for the
purposes of determining the maximum flight duty period
in accordance with section 700.28, be calculated starting
from either the initial reporting time or the delayed
reporting time, whichever results in the shorter period.
(2) Despite subsection (1), the flight duty period shall
begin, if the delay in the reporting time
(a) is less than four hours, at the delayed reporting
time; or
(b) is four hours or more but less than 10 hours, four
hours after the initial reporting time.
Delayed Reporting Time (CARS 700.52)
(3) If the delay in the reporting time is 10 hours or more,
the duration of the delay is considered to be a rest period
if the air operator advises the flight crew member of the
delay before they leave the suitable accommodation, and
does not disturb their rest period before an agreed time.
(4) Unless the air operator and flight crew member agree
on a time when the air operator may disturb the
member’s rest period referred to in subsection (3), the
air operator shall not interrupt the member’s rest period
other than
(a) during the 30-minute period before the time the
member was initially scheduled to leave the suitable
accommodation; or
(b) during the 60-minute period before the initial
reporting time.
Just like last time, please turn your
cell phones off…
And of course…no speaking to
anyone else during the quiz
Once you are finished, hand in
your sheets and play Fortnite
(quietly!)
Wrap-Up and Feedback
Flight Duty Times will affect you as a
Flight Planner on a daily basis
Any other questions from tonight??
Homework for next week:
Continue reading CARs 700.20 –
700.72
Midterm next week!!
The midterm will cover everything
from our first class until today
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