Question:

The negative impact of the No Child Left Behind Act.

Use the information on the Annotated Bibliography instruction page to format an annotated bibliography for your research paper. Since the essay requires 5-7 references, you need to have at least 5 sources included in the bibliography. These will be sources you add to your own field research. This should be an easy build/addition to the 2-3 sources from your rough draft of this document that you turned in.

the evidence you include should be from a trustworthy, scholarly source (i.e. no Wikipedia, clickbait, etc.)

Student Example

Annotated Bibliography

What is An Annotated Bibliography?

An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by the ‘annotation,’ a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph.

What are the purposes of the annotated bibliography?

· To help you understand what you’ve researched while you write your essay;

· To provide additional information or background material for your reader (Choose only the information that ties into what your essay is saying.);

· To help you organize the main points of the research and pinpoint the topic sentences of your essay.

How to Begin:

1. First, know how many sources are required to write your essay.

2. Next, locate and record citations to the books or articles that contain useful information and ideas on your essay topic. You can use the Search Terms Assignment to help with this step.

3. Then, choose those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.

4. Finally, reference the book, article, or document using APA style citation and begin writing your annotations.

How to Annotate:

Write two paragraphs of annotations for EACH SOURCE. The information included in each paragraph should be as follows:

Paragraph 1 (THEY SAY): completely and respectfully summarize the source. What argument is being made? What evidence is given in support of the argument? Be detailed and specific. What rhetorical strategies does the author use to make her/his argument?

Paragraph 2 (I SAY): Do you agree or disagree with the argument? What is convincing about it? What flaws exist in the author’s argument? How does the author’s argument influence you? How might you use the source in your paper?

How It Should Look:

The annotation on the back of this paper both summarizes and assesses the book in the citation. The first paragraph provides a brief summary of the author’s project in the book, covering the main points of the work. The second paragraph points out the project’s strengths and evaluates its methods and presentation. To help you in the writing process, I recommend writing a third paragraph that reflects on the source’s importance or usefulness for your essay.

· Bibliography must be in Alphabetical order by the first item in the reference citation (usually the author’s last name)

· Bibliographies must have hanging indent

· Bibliographies must be double-spaced. Instead of indenting your paragraphs, however, you should add a third space.

Annotated Bibliography

Ehrenreich, B. (2001). Nickel and dimed: On (not) getting by in America. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

In this book of nonfiction based on the journalist’s experiential research, Ehrenreich attempts to ascertain whether it is currently possible for an individual to live on a minimum-wage in America. Taking jobs as a waitress, a maid in a cleaning service, and a Walmart sales employee, the author summarizes and reflects on her work, her relationships with fellow workers, and her financial struggles in each situation.

An experienced journalist, Ehrenreich is aware of the limitations of her experiment and the ethical implications of her experiential research tactics and reflects on these issues in the text. The author is forthcoming about her methods and supplements her experiences with scholarly research on her places of employment, the economy, and the rising cost of living in America. Ehrenreich’s project is timely, descriptive, and well-researched.

Ehrenreich’s extensive research will provide solutions for the difficulties low wage workers experience, especially when it comes to finding affordable places to live. The author argues that the poor often spend more staying in motels due to high deposit costs on apartments, and this evidence could support a call for the government to offer stipends to landlords who waive security deposits for the poor. This information could easily be incorporated into the essay’s proposed solutions.

5

Smarthinking Tutor Response Form

Your tutor has written overview comments about your essay in the form below. Your tutor has also embedded comments [in bold and in brackets] within your essay. Thank you for choosing Smarthinking to help you improve your writing!

Hello,! My name is Tracy J. I look forward to working with you on this Essay Center Review to improve your writing today. Let’s get started!

*Writing Strength: 
I noticed that you stated how the source would assist you with your research topic. Great job! This shows the readers that you understood how the sources will apply to your topic. For example, “This article will provide answers on how the NCLB initiative has been effective and the progress that it has made.”

* you requested help with Content Development:   

Your body paragraphs could

benefit from further development
. This will ensure that the readers get a good understanding about the relevance of these sources for your topic.

Take a look at the following questions:

· How satisfactory is this evidence to support your opinions?

· How does the quality of the author’s/authors’ opinions, method, and/or theory shape up against that of other sources in your list? In what ways is it superior or inferior? This will help you decide which source(s) are more relevant for your topic.

· What major points are missing in these sources in comparison to others?

· Where do the authors/texts agree? Disagree?

Perhaps these questions will help you build a powerful annotated bibliography. In the meantime, check out our Writer’s Handbook and read more about

Annotated Bibliographies

.

* you requested help with Introduction/Conclusion:  

 
I am a bit concerned about how you
repeated certain phrases in your first and last paragraph.
Such repetition limits your source’s relevance for the topic.

Here is an example:

· “This article will provide answers on the background information of this initiative and how it was formed.”

· “This article provides the background information of the no child left behind act, how it came to be and why it was named the way it was.”

These sentences are from your first and last paragraph. The sources seem to do provide background information of how the same initiative was formed. Which other source can you include that gives different information about this initiative? How will this source be different? Why is it significant for the topic? As you consider these questions, you will be able to formulate a strong annotated bibliography summary for this source.

Use of Resources 
Your sources in the summary of annotated bibliographies need the
URLs.
This is required under the summary using the correct APA style. Let’s look at this example:

· “

Waldow, F. (2015). From Taylor to Tyler to no child left behind: Legitimating educational standards. Prospects, 45(1), 49-62.

”

The URL or website page is missing for this article. Here is one example:

· Foff, E. (2017). From Language to Language: Implications for closing language gaps: Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 4–14.

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027238

Consider revising all of your sources in the paper using this example.

Summary of Next Steps: 

· Further develop your paragraphs.
 

· Revise last paragraph.
 

· Revise and URLs in your bibliography citations.

Thank you for submitting your essay for a review, Patrick. I enjoyed helping you with this step in the revision process. Have a good day! ~ Tracy J.

You can find more information about writing, grammar, and usage in the Smarthinking Writer’s Handbook.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Please look for comments [in bold and in brackets] in your essay below.
Thank you for submitting your work to Smarthinking! We hope to see you again soon.

Annotated bibliography

Darling-Hammond, L. (2018). From “separate but equal” to “No Child Left Behind”: The collision of new standards and old inequalities. In Thinking about Schools (pp. 419-437). Routledge.

This book explores the factors that led to the formation of the no child left behind the initiative. It also explores the importance of this initiative and what it has been able to achieve. According to this article, the initiative was started to improve the education standards of children that were traditionally left behind in America. These involved children with disabilities and those from poor backgrounds. This article will provide answers on the background information of this initiative and how it was formed. [What theories drive the author’s reasoning? Consider expanding this paragraph by addressing this question.]

Mathis, W. J., & Trujillo, T. M. (2016). Lessons from NCLB for the ‘Every Student Succeeds Act’. National Education Policy Center.

This article focuses on the no child left behind act and how it finally gave way to every child succeeds initiative. According to this article, it was not just enough ensuring that no child is left behind on matters education. The ultimate goal was to ensure that every child succeeds. That is how the initiative evolved and paved the way for the ‘every child succeeds initiative’. This article will provide answers on how the NCLB initiative has been effective and the progress that it has made. [What special contribution does this text offer compared to the previous book? How do these texts support each other? Maybe adding more information using these questions will help your readers to understand the relevance of this text.]

Waldow, F. (2015). From Taylor to Tyler to no child left behind: Legitimating educational standards. Prospects, 45(1), 49-62.

This article provides the background information of the no child left behind act, how it came to be and why it was named the way it was. It was formed in the early 20th century when America was strategizing on how to enhance the country’s production and the standards of education. The name of the initiative was derived from the military slogan of ‘don’t leave

anyone behind’. The contents of this article will help me understand the topic as well as be able to use it for my research. [How will you use this topic for your research? Maybe give an explanation regarding this.]

References

Darling-Hammond, L. (2018). From “separate but equal” to “No Child Left Behind”: The collision of new standards and old inequalities. In Thinking about Schools (pp. 419-437). Routledge. Retrieved from

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429495670/chapters/10.4324/9780429495670-34

Mathis, W. J., & Trujillo, T. M. (2016). Lessons from NCLB for the Every Student Succeeds Act. National Education Policy Center. Retrieved from

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED574684

Waldow, F. (2015). From Taylor to Tyler to no child left behind: Legitimating educational standards. Prospects, 45(1), 49-62. Retrieved from

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11125-014-9334-x