ASSIGNMENT: Using your outline and annotated bibliography from Touchstones 1.2 and 2.2, draft a 6-8 page argumentative research essay on your chosen topic.—- I SUBMITTED BOTH DOCUMENTS FOR REVIEW

As this assignment builds on Touchstone 2.2: Create an Annotated Bibliography 

 Assignment Guidelines

DIRECTIONS: Refer to the list below throughout the writing process. Do not submit your Touchstone until it meets these guidelines.

1. Argumentative Thesis Statement

❒ Have you included a thesis in your introduction that takes a clear, specific position on one side of a debatable issue?

2. Argument Development

❒ Are all of the details relevant to the purpose of your essay?
❒ Is the argument supported using rhetorical appeals and source material?
❒ Is your essay 6-8 pages (approximately 1500-2000 words)? If not, which details do you need to add or remove?

3. Research

❒ Have you cited outside sources effectively using quotation, summary, or paraphrase techniques?
❒ Are the sources incorporated smoothly, providing the reader with signal phrases and context for the source information?
❒ Have you referenced a range of at least 7 credible sources?
❒ Have you properly cited your sources according to APA style guidelines?
❒ Have you included an APA style reference page below your essay?

4. Reflection

❒ Have you answered all reflection questions thoughtfully and included insights, observations, and/or examples in all responses?
❒ Are your answers included on a separate page below the main assignment?

B. Reflection

DIRECTIONS: Below your assignment, include answers to all of the following reflection questions.

1. Provide one example of a place where you have used rhetorical appeals or source material to support your argument. How does this enhance your essay? (2-3 sentences)
2. Touchstone 4 is a revision of this draft. What kind of feedback would be helpful for you as you revise? Are there parts of your draft that you’re uncertain of? (3-4 sentences)

 The following requirements must be met for your submission to be graded:

Include all of the assignment components in a single file.

Acceptable file formats include and x.

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ABORTION

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ABORTION 4

I. Introduction

A. Thesis: With moral convictions against abortion, Christian Moms are subject to face psychological challenges because the society and the church are often condemning affairs before marriage

B. Hook: There are existing psychological effects arising due to abortion and are usually under scientific and international scrutiny

II. Body Paragraph

A. First Point: issues of abortion and religion are quite interconnected under political and social constructs in any society

B. Second Point: teenagers born to parents with such religious and moral convictions against abortion are usually subject to alienation by their family

Source:

Medoff, M. H. (2012). Restrictive abortion laws, antiabortion attitudes and women’s

contraceptive use. Social science research, 41(1), 160-169.

III. Body Paragraph

A. First Point: attitudes regarding abortion have been changing because of varying beliefs about when life is considered to start and the reasons that could warrant abortion to be morally acceptable

B. Second Point: With social alienation and the lack of family support, most pregnant teens usually seek abortion on their own and such an experience often remains to be part of their life

Source:

Igba, D. I., Igba, C. E., Nwafor, C. E., Elom, C., & Mgboro, C. (2018). Teenage Pregnancy and

Girl-Child Education. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 13(3), 237-248.

I

V. Body Paragraph

A. First Point: the emergence of PTSD symptoms like flashbacks to the abortion experience and dreams generally present traumatic issues impacting the teenage child’s mental state

B. Second Point: The rising issues of PTSD amongst the teen moms after their abortion also results to difficulty to sleep and general dissatisfaction especially in the presence of children

C. Source: Fergusson, Horwood, & Boden, (2013)

V. Body Paragraph

A. First Point: Depressive disorders impact the personality and behaviors of most teenagers who have underwent abortion

B. Second Point: teens are missing the financial and emotional support that could drive towards their acceptance of the abortion process to ensure they properly move on from the ordeal

C. Source: Adamczyk, (2009)

VI. Conclusion

Restate thesis: With moral convictions against abortion, Christian Moms are subject to face psychological challenges because the society and the church are often condemning affairs before marriage

Summarize key points:

i) Teenage pregnancies have been in the rise in various societies and is mostly associated with peer pressure and limited understanding of contraceptives

ii) By undergoing teenage abortions, most individuals often face psychological and physical harms due to the experience

iii) Abortion should be a morally acceptable thing because it is particularly a disruption of the teen life and growth in school

Psychological Effects of Abortion

Shekeria Wright

February 6, 2021

Psychological Effects of Abortion on Teenage Christians

Introduction

The existing psychological effects that arise due to abortion have been subject to scientific investigation and international debate for decades. In this case, pregnancy usually culminates as an event in a young woman’s life that advances growth into adulthood. The process facilitates the eventual establishment of gender identity and otherwise, brings forth the alteration of an individual’s life irreversibly. Pregnancy can evoke numerous psychological challenges that are usually dependent on underlying predisposition and personality aspects. Teenage pregnancies have been in the rise with the U.S Department of Health Services reporting over 250, 000 babies born to teenagers in the year 2015. Particularly, teenage pregnancy brings about undesirable changes on the course of a young mom’s life, thus the rationale behind rising instances of teenage abortions. With moral convictions against abortion, teenage Christian moms are subject to face psychological challenges especially with the society and church often condemning the affair and their alienation by friends.

According to the research by Adamczyk (2009), Christianity does not advocate for abortion tendencies because they perceive the act as murder. The data through the research attributes to low abortion rates with more teen births experienced amongst Christian faithful societies. Available data presented regarding abortion suggest that the involvement in abortion usually increases the susceptibility of a mom to mental health issues by about 81 per cent. Upon the undertaking of abortion, most of the teenage and Christian women are said to often experience psychological reactions entailing guilt feelings, sleep disturbance, depression, nervous symptoms, and regrets (Robinson, Stirling, and Barendse, 2021).

Teenage Abortions & Psychological Problems

The issues of abortion and religion are quite interconnected under political and social constructs in any society. Most religions like Christianity and Islam express doctrinal disapproval of the use of abortion. According to Medoff (2012), the practice of abortion has always brought about major moral concerns and objections in religious communities. Religious parents would rather see their teenage daughter of 15 years conceive rather than indulge in promoting abortion, which is considered a sin and otherwise murder. By this, teenagers born to parents with such religious and moral convictions against abortion are usually subject to alienation by their family. Some of the pregnant teens often experience name-calling and insults especially when they speak of their consideration of abortion. However, under the current modern society, it is evident that religious convictions and attitudes about abortion are shifting from “pro-life” to “pro-choice.”

Particularly, the emerging attitudes regarding abortion have been changing because of varying beliefs about when life is considered to start and the reasons that could warrant abortion to be morally acceptable. By this, most of the families and teenagers choosing to facilitate the undertaking of abortion informs on their moral and religious attributes and beliefs. Teenage pregnancies to begin with is quite tasking with the affected individual usually required to drop out of school and other social activities due to embarrassment and fear (Igba et al. 2018). If the parents are not supportive of the child, there is high possibility that the teenager would be experiencing stress, depression, and other psychological challenges. With social alienation and the lack of family support, most pregnant teens usually seek abortion on their own and such an experience often remains to be part of their life. In this sense, research indicates that after abortion most women experience PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) due to increasing negative emotions relating with the moral implications of losing a child especially with existing Christian convictions.

It is most often that an individual especially teenagers would feel relief and positive emotions after the abortion. However, the emergence of PTSD symptoms like flashbacks to the abortion experience and dreams generally present traumatic issues impacting the teenage child’s mental state. As indicated through the research by Robinson et al. (2021), if such teenagers lack the necessary counseling and support from their family and friends, they are highly at the risk of developing mental disorders due to stress and depression. The rising issues of PTSD amongst the teen moms after their abortion also results to difficulty to sleep and general dissatisfaction especially in the presence of children. The rising stress and depression tendencies usually go unnoticed for quite some time especially if the abortion was carried out during early stages of pregnancy. With the withdrawal and depressive tendencies, Fergusson and Boden (2013) notes that teenagers’ involved in abortion often resort to drug abuse, alcohol, and even violence.

Depressive disorders as indicated by the APA (American Psychiatric Association) generally impact the personality and behaviors of most teenagers who have underwent abortion. According to Medoff (2012), most of these teenagers are unable to form good relationships with their peers, are unable to relate with their parents, nor even establish the necessary state of mind needed for excellence in their education. Most of these teens are missing the financial and emotional support that could drive towards their acceptance of the abortion process to ensure they properly move on from the ordeal. The absence of counseling prompts rise in depressive and mood disorders that can substantially drive towards aggression, violence, and even suicidal behaviors. As indicated by Adamczyk (2009), women who ended their first pregnancy are subject to experience substance abuse more than women who had carried their first term pregnancy. By this fact, it is quite clear that teenage abortion could be significant but it always requires familial support to ensure the pregnant teenagers receive the needed counseling and support to eradicate on depression and other psychological disorders.

Conclusion

Teenage pregnancies have been in the rise in various societies. This notion is mainly attributable to peer pressure and the limited understanding of how contraceptives would limit chances of unnecessary pregnancies. In this sense, the involvement by teenagers in various abortion attempts has necessarily put most in both physical and psychological harm especially with most religions like Christian faithful condemning the act to being in violation of Gods’ commands. The various psychological issues that often arise are inclusive of depression, stress, PTSD, and mood disorders that result in sleep difficulties and relationship issues. Abortion amongst teenagers is an entirely moral and acceptable aspect considering the child in question won’t be able to become a reliable mom without the essential completion of her education. As such, it is quite evident that abortion should always be a pro-choice element with teenagers requiring explicit counseling and family support to ensure the mitigation of psychological issues that could manifest to be mental problems like depression and PTSD.

References

Adamczyk, A. (2009). Understanding the effects of personal and school religiosity on the

decision to abort a premarital pregnancy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(2), 180-195.

Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Boden, J. M. (2013). Does abortion reduce the mental

health risks of unwanted or unintended pregnancy? A re-appraisal of the evidence. Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 47(9), 819-827.

Igba, D. I., Igba, C. E., Nwafor, C. E., Elom, C., & Mgboro, C. (2018). Teenage Pregnancy and
Girl-Child Education. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 13(3), 237-248.
Medoff, M. H. (2012). Restrictive abortion laws, antiabortion attitudes and women’s
contraceptive use. Social science research, 41(1), 160-169.

Robinson, J., Stirling, N., & Barendse, S. (2021). Priceless perspectives: Equipping students to

think critically about the abortion discourse. In Innovating Christian Education Research (pp. 377-393). Springer, Singapore.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

Annotated Bibliography

Shekeria Wright

Touchstone 2.2

March 10, 2021

Psychological Effects of Abortion

Adamczyk, A. (2009). Understanding the effects of personal and school religiosity on the

decision to abort a premarital pregnancy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(2), 180-195.

The researcher is considerate of how few research studies have been carried out to determine how religion has been influential upon abortion tendencies in the society. Through the study, the assessment was how school and individual religiosity affected their abortion tendencies amongst teenagers/women who became pregnant prior to marriage. The data used was hierarchical logistical waves from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The results necessarily delink personal teenage religiosity from the development of abortion behavior. In particular, conservative Protestants were unlikely to undertake abortions compared to mainline Protestants, non-Christian faithful, and Catholics. Attending schools with conservative Protestants also prompted reduction in abortion elements.

Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Boden, J. M. (2013). Does abortion reduce the mental

health risks of unwanted or unintended pregnancy? A re-appraisal of the evidence. Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 47(9), 819-827.

Through the study, the researchers are considerate of the extent that abortion could have therapeutic benefits that are likely to mitigate mental health risks associated with teenage pregnancies. Through the study, the researchers participate in an implicit review of evidence that would justify their hypothesis regarding whether abortion reduces mental stress and risks that usually emerge due to unwanted pregnancies especially with teenagers. Data collection was through the review of various scholarly resources and other information collected from the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. With the review of the information collected, the results indicated the reduction in mental health issues amongst teenagers who participated in abortion. Notably, abortion resulted in increased risks of anxiety, alcohol abuse, illicit use of drugs, and suicidal behaviors due to the trauma incurred during the abortion process. The evidence necessarily attributes to increase in mental health problems after the participation of a teenager in abortion.

Igba, D. I., Igba, C. E., Nwafor, C. E., Elom, C., & Mgboro, C. (2018). Teenage Pregnancy and

Girl-Child Education. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 13(3), 237-248.

The study lays explicit focus on issues of Teenage pregnancy and the girl child education. Through the study, the researchers specifically sought to determine factors proven to be responsible for the increasing teenage pregnancies, the implications of teenage pregnancies on social and emotional levels, and the necessary ways needed to mitigate teenage pregnancies. The study involved 5200 students from Abakaliki education area from SS II. The multistage sampling used was subject to consist of 500 students drawn from various secondary in the selected zone. Use of a questionnaire was considered most appropriate for data collection. Through the analysis of the study results, there was a revelation of numerous factors that influence teenage pregnancies in the region. These factors are thought to be inclusive of lacking parental upbringing, inadequate sex education, and peer pressure. Providing the implications of teenage pregnancies, the researchers note that early pregnancies usually brought about school-drop out, stigmatism, poor nutritional standards, abortion, and depression. To realize effective limitation of early teenage pregnancies, the researchers advise the use of sex education and detest of pre-marital sexual affairs.

Medoff, M. H. (2012). Restrictive abortion laws, antiabortion attitudes and women’s

contraceptive use. Social science research, 41(1), 160-169.

The study significantly sought to make an assessment of public and social policies regarding how states uses restrictive abortion laws effectively to limit growing issues of teenage pregnancies. The researcher further articulates to the use of contraceptive methods as a strategic measure to wade-off unwanted pregnancies. The data utilized throughout the study was from Behavioral Risk factor Surveillance survey. The data show that antiabortion laws and the enactment of stringent restrictive state abortion laws have warranted induced usage of effective contraceptive methods among women and teenagers. By analyzing the various antiabortion laws, the researcher deduces that there is a positive impact for the enactment of such restrictions as most women are apparently using effective contraceptive to prevent unwanted pregnancies.

Robinson, J., Stirling, N., & Barendse, S. (2021). Priceless perspectives: Equipping students to

think critically about the abortion discourse. In Innovating Christian Education Research (pp. 377-393). Springer, Singapore.

The researchers consider the issue of a well-rounded Christian education, an issue that usually invokes a diversity of opinions from the public. By this, they further articulate towards the lack of better assessment of how students/teenagers are well-equipped by the society or education system to guarantee they face pregnancy properly. Their main focus was Australian grades 10-12 students that were proven to be quite sexually active, hence facing high risks for unwanted pregnancies. The researchers further consider the notion that Australia has the most liberal abortion laws hence presenting the challenge of ever rising teenage abortion elements. By this, most of the students are thought to leave Christian schools before having the chance to think critically and deeply to form their informed consent concerning abortion and early pregnancies. The researchers use a mixed-method research in data collection to ensure their bility to expand their research parameters.

References

Adamczyk, A. (2009). Understanding the effects of personal and school religiosity on the
decision to abort a premarital pregnancy. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(2), 180-195.
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Boden, J. M. (2013). Does abortion reduce the mental
health risks of unwanted or unintended pregnancy? A re-appraisal of the evidence. Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 47(9), 819-827.
Igba, D. I., Igba, C. E., Nwafor, C. E., Elom, C., & Mgboro, C. (2018). Teenage Pregnancy and
Girl-Child Education. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 13(3), 237-248.
Medoff, M. H. (2012). Restrictive abortion laws, antiabortion attitudes and women’s
contraceptive use. Social science research, 41(1), 160-169.
Robinson, J., Stirling, N., & Barendse, S. (2021). Priceless perspectives: Equipping students to
think critically about the abortion discourse. In Innovating Christian Education Research (pp. 377-393). Springer, Singapore.