SOCW 6311: Social Work Research in Practice II

Please note that this is a master level course so master level work. Please check the grammar, use APA format and you have to use the reading that I have provided to you. You must answer all the questions that I post. Thank you.

Week 5

Readings

• Knight, K. R., Lopez, A. M., Comfort, M., Shumway, M., Cohen, J., & Riley, E. D. (2014). Single room occupancy (SRO) hotels as mental health risk environments among impoverished women: The intersection of policy, drug use, trauma, and urban space. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(3), 556-561. Retrieved from Walden Databases.

• Lee, M. Y, Wang, X., Cao, Y., Liu, C., & Zaharlick, A. (2016). Creating a culturally competent research agenda. In A.Carten, Siskind, & M. P. Greene (Eds.), Strategies for deconstructing racism in the health and human services (pp. 51-65). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

• Marsiglia, F.F. & Booth, J.M. (2015). Cultural adaptations of interventions in real practice settings. Research on Social Work Practice, 25(4), 423-432. Retrieved from Walden Databases.

• Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 15(3), 398-405. Retrieved from Walden Databases.

• Document: Week 5 Handout: Content Analysis of Focus Groups (PDF)

Week 5 Handout: Content Analysis of Focus Groups 1

Research Question 1: What are the barriers in implementing mental health services in the Asian

American community?

Research Design: Qualitative, Descriptive

Research Method: Focus groups

Patient Related Barriers

Social Stigma Associated with Mental Illness

“….but also a lot of my patients have a fear of going to psychiatrists because of the social

stigma ….” and most of them have financial difficulty and have to pay an additional fee

to pay for psychiatry. (DN, pg. 1)

Financial Difficulties

“….but also a lot of my patients have a fear of going to psychiatrists …. and most of

them have financial difficulty and have to pay an additional fee to pay for

psychiatry.” (DN, pg. 1)

Characteristics of the Asian patient

Mistrustful of mental health

“I found it easier sometimes to refer them to someone else because a lot of times

I find that the Chinese patients are unwilling to open up or trust.” (TPW, pg.

2)

“we have to see why Asians go to see a health care provider, forget about

whether the mental health profession, or even a regular clinician. Why does the

patient see the provider..is it because they have seen a chinese herbalist and have

failed and have used their last efforts to see a western doctor, that will put

tremendous expectations on this relationship, as opposed to someone who

comes to see the doctor for the first time and has faith that the Western

doctor.” (Anthony, pg. 7)

Don’t Ask for Assistance

“It is hard to get them ask for help and ….. “ (TPW, pg. 2)

Patient’s View of Mental Health Provider as Last Resort

“we have to see why Asians go to see a health care provider, forget about whether the

mental health profession, or even a regular clinician. Why does the patient see the

provider..is it because they have seen a chinese herbalist and have failed and have

used their last efforts to see a western doctor, that will put tremendous expectations on

this relationship, as opposed to someone who comes to see the doctor for the first time

and has faith that the western doctor.” (Anthony, pg. 7)

Week 5 Handout: Content Analysis of Focus Groups 2

Service Provider Related Barriers

“Despite all the training I have found that working with Chinese populations there are a lot of

barriers I am finding that it is not as easy working with them.” (TPW, pg. 2)

“Pass the Buck theme”

I found it easier sometimes to refer them to someone else because a lot of times I find that

the Chinese patients are unwilling to open up or trust. (TPW, pg. 2)

Lack of training/skills/expertise

“….and I find that I struggle with my own skills and I am trying to get some help in

being a better primary care provider and getting my skills more fine tuned for the

population that I work with.” (TPW, pg. 2)

“On the Western provider side, we noticed that when a provider is confronted with a

Western patient they are reluctant to enter areas because they are not really sure if that

behavior is natural to that culture so that while they know pathology on the one

hand they are not sure if what they are seeing is pathological. I remember one indian

psychiatrist said that a schizophrenic in india is the same schizophrenic in NY but you

know there are excuses sometimes and avoidance so educating the general provider

concerning what really can be expected is very important.” (MAC, pg. 8)

“My comment is very similar, there are very big knowledge gaps for providers and

what providers bring to the situation…” (JK, pg. 8)

Cultural Assumptions

“well what you have to think about is other areas, our own cultural biases. There are

certain things that I make assumptions on without even knowing it just because of

what I know growing up or and I think these are areas we need to address.”

(Ernesto, pg. 7)

Systems Barriers

Primary Care is the Access Point for Patients with Mental Disorders

“….primary care as sort of the gatekeeper those are the guys that are picking up

the symptoms and so I sort of see that this is a good project to enhance our

understanding of this population.” (AN, pg. 2)

Changing Financial Systems

“Another issue is that there are financial issues that primary physicians often see that

there is cost shifting going on that psychiatry or whomever else is telling us to do this

new activity that is really shifting a responsibility” (LR, pg. 4)

Week 5 Handout: Content Analysis of Focus Groups 3

Changing of Responsibilities

“Another issue is that there are financial issues that primary physicians often see that
there is cost shifting going on that psychiatry or whomever else is telling us to do this
new activity that is really shifting a responsibility” (LR, pg. 4)

Professional Medical/Psychiatry Culture

Differing Cultures and Ideologies Within Medical Profession

“one major barrier is that there is a difference in physician culture that an internalist

perceives a different way of treating a patient than a family care doctor and the

pediatrician looks at it differently than an internalist and that certain cultures when they

have certain specialty referral systems will feel differently when they specialty referral

system is used less frequently, and we have found them being treated much differently”

(LR, pg.4)

Miscellaneous

“we tend to forget that the mental health problems are a spectrum, they may not be

necessarily psychosis or dementia, manic depression, they may not be a DSM 4 diagnosis,

they may be life style related , they are a state of flux it is a spectrum, when a women is having

infertility when a women loses a pregnancy when a women delivers a baby and it is another girl

but she wanted a boy, or when she delivers a baby it is what she wanted but the constraints, but

the burden is too much, so it can gyn issues it could be ob issues but they are not dsm categories

and I think that a barrier is that we do not acknowledge the existence of these kinds of things…”

(IH, pg. 6)

“The other big thing that I think of is the other side of the spectrum which is when we do see

these patients and when we do have the luxuries of identifying these issues that I have just

outlined that we try to squeezed these people into the diagnoses that I just described so we

make it into an anxiety disorder or we make it into a depression when it could be just life style

related or cultural related..” (IH, pg. 6)

Discussion

Discussion: Qualitative Findings and Social Work Interventions

Evidence-based social work practice calls for the use of research data to guide the development of social work interventions on the micro, mezzo and/or macro-levels. Kearney (2001) described ways qualitative research findings can inform practice. Qualitative findings can help social workers understand the clients’ experiences and “what it may feel like” (Kearney, 2001). Therefore, social workers can develop clinical interventions that take into account the experiences of their clients. Qualitative findings can also help social workers monitor their clients. For example, if after reading a qualitative study on how domestic violence survivors respond to stress, they can monitor for specific stress behaviors and symptoms (Kearney, 2001). In addition, they can educate their client what stress behaviors to look for and teach them specific interventions to reduce stress (Kearney, 2001)

Given the increasing diversity that characterizes the landscape in the United States, social workers need to take into account culture when formulating interventions. Social workers can utilize qualitative findings to plan interventions in a culturally meaningful manner for the client.

To prepare for this Discussion, read Knight et al.’s (2014) study from this week’s required resources. Carefully review the findings, the photographs, and how the researchers wrote up the findings. Finally, review the specific macro-, meso-, and micro-oriented recommendations.

Then read Marsigilia and Booth’s article about how to adapt interventions so that they are culturally relevant and sensitive to the population the intervention is designed for. Finally, review the chapter written by Lee et al. on conducting research in racial and ethnic minority communities.

Statistics Interpretation: Correct and Incorrect

1. Using one of the direct quotes and/or photos from Knight et al.’s study, analyze it by drawing up a tentative meaning. Discuss how this would specifically inform one intervention recommendation you would make for social work practice with the homeless. This recommendation can be on the micro, meso, or macro level.

2. Next, explain how you would adapt the above practice recommendation that you identified so that it is culturally sensitive and relevant for African Americans, Hispanics, or Asian immigrants. (Select only 1 group). Apply one of the cultural adaptations that Marsigilia and Booth reviewed (i.e., content adaption to include surface and/or deep culture, cognitive adaptations, affective- motivational adaptations, etc.) (pp. 424-426). Be as specific as you can, using citations to support your ideas.