All the directions with sample answers are attached in the folder. 

Final_Draft/Final_Draft_Question.txt
This essay will help you progress towards your final assignment for this class –the fully researched Argument paper. For your 4-full page (or more) informative essay, due online in Canvas Friday, March 27, you will spend time thinking, writing, and field researching about the problematic question you have already tackled in your Annotated Bibliography. You will follow Chapter 13’s Roadmap for “Reporting Information” (232-238), and the Chapter 18 guidelines for “Conducting Field Research” (395-399). Using personal experience, a bit of your library research, as an MLA cited source of information, and primary field research in the forms of either an observation or an interview (or both), write a 4-full page (or more) essay (plus brief Work Cited page), that continues to discuss the problematic question you have already asked in your Annotated Bibliography. Make sure your tone and style are suitable for a general audience. Imagine an audience of readers who hold a mistaken or overly narrow view of your topic; your purpose as a more informed person is to give them some new surprising information about the topic.
The key to a successful paper is to go into your essay and research with the problematic question you already asked yourself: What surprised me? What did I learn that I didn’t know before? Is there new information that may surprise my classmates? Use your critical thinking skills from your personal knowledge, some brief in-text citation from one or two of your researched annotated articles, and an observation or informative interview (or both), to develop an understanding of what you think is especially significant about your topic.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the Unit, students should:
• Write with a rhetorical purpose to inform;
• Respond to the needs of a chosen or assigned audience;
• Demonstrate further engagement with your already focused and meaningful problematic research question;
• Demonstrate rhetorically effective use of primary research which includes personal knowledge and either an observation or an interview, and utilizes a bit of your secondary sources from your Annotated Bibliography;
• Write your essay in proper MLA format, and correctly in-text cite any source in proper MLA documentation style;
• Produce a final draft that shows evidence of a thoughtful writing process, including invention, revision, and proof-reading;
• Use syntax, punctuation, and spelling effectively in the service of your rhetorical purpose.
As I evaluate your essay, I will also consider the following criteria:
• Is the essay’s purpose to convey new information and to give classmates a surprising view of the topic?
• Does the essay provide detailed support for a curious reader?
• Does the essay supply evidence, derived from personal knowledge, either through an observation or an interview (or both), and even one or two in-text cited sources?
• Is the essay clearly and logically organized?
• Is the style appropriate? Tone appropriate?
• Is the essay well-written, grammatically and mechanically?

Final_Draft/Freind_Final_Draft- Informative Report about Obesity x
Corvea-Rodriguez 2

Eirene Corvea Rodriguez
D. Gyenizse
ENC1102-U06
10 March 2020
How real is the obesity issue among the U.S?
The obesity issue is a serious problem occurring among many U.S citizens during recent years, but it is also an issue that began many years ago. Ever since the number of people suffering from this epidemic started to increase, many of them started to pay close attention to the consequences, but still, none of those people have done anything to stop the number of obese people from increasing. What everyone should know is that even though this disease has never been stopped before, there exists proved solutions. However, what has mainly caused obesity among Americans has been their food traditions and the lack of physical activity, since technology is doing all the hard work for them. Many years ago, humans had to make themselves comfortable most of the time, activities which helped them exercise, but nowadays there are computers and other technological devices that do everything for them, making them lazy and obese. Without realizing it, these same people have been the ones who have brought this epidemic upon themselves.
The real roots of this unfortunate condition begin with childhood obesity. In fact, the U.S government is modifying school lunches for its own benefit and not for the children. This technique of incrementing fast food in school meals and taking out balanced diets probably did not work several years ago, since the number of children with obesity greatly increased. However, when Michelle Obama’s school meal rules were followed, there was a decrease in childhood obesity, since children seemed forced to eat healthier. These rules were the best changes for children’s health that happened when Michelle Obama was the president’s wife, since not every parent could provide a healthy diet at home due to high food costs. However now, children are facing prejudice once more, thanks to our president’s rules because he prefers to spend less money and waste less food than help stop this epidemic’s development. Based on this current problem, I wonder: Why does the government year after year keep controlling food prices making the children pay with obesity if the policy makers already know the overwhelming results from previous years?
According to journalist, Laura Reiley in her article titled, “More pizza, fewer vegetables: Trump administration further undercuts Obama school-lunches”, from The Washington Post, the U.S. Agriculture Office “has taken another whack” at previous “First Lady Michelle Obama’s signature” accomplishment: building up “stricter” guidelines “for school breakfast and lunches” (Reiley 1). Besides, Reiley proved that during the Obama-era, lunch participation increased in schools with the highest balanced diet standards and that food waste was still the same as previous years. According to Reiley, Mary Story, a member of the USDA and health professor at Duke University said that the government “is going against their own findings from their study which showed that the updates in nutrition standards have had a positive and significant effect” (Quoted in Reiley 7).
From my own experience as a fast food restaurant team member, over the years, I have noticed how most days, people choose big quantities of unhealthy food over balanced diets knowing the situation with obesity. For instance, recently, when I happened to be at Cici’s pizza, I noticed how some people chose to eat some vegetables, which seemed like a healthy selection, however, after eating the vegetables, they went for a large plate with six or eight pizza slices. I did not understand the purpose of doing that: pretending to be eating healthier, and a few seconds afterward, eating as much pizza as they could. Based on this observation I made, I have come to one conclusion, that we have caused this epidemic ourselves due to our bad eating habits and cultural traditions, and the only ones who can stop it from developing even more is us. Comment by Natalie Ruiz: Comment by Natalie Ruiz: 4. Your observations were described well; you made it clear where and how you conducted your observations, as well as findings you gathered from these observations.
Comment by Natalie Ruiz: No interview was conducted, so questions 5-7 cannot be answered for Eirene. Comment by Natalie Ruiz: Comment by Natalie Ruiz: Comment by Natalie Ruiz: Comment by Natalie Ruiz:
To find out more information regarding my problematic question, on February 27, I went to YouTube and found a video from WGBH News titled, “Make Public School Lunch Great Again,” which supported my previous statements regarding the obesity pandemic in the U.S. According to this video, there are plenty of people who are against President Donald Trump’s school meal changes, including Rep. Bobby Scott, Chairman and member of the House Education Committee, who states that schools are not obligated to follow these new changes and that they better not follow them. In addition, WGBH
News shares that now nearly one in five children are obese in the United States; however, if these unhealthy habits continue to be developed, 57.3% of the kids will be obese at the age of thirty-five (WGBH news 1:16-1:27). WGBH
News reporter Jim Braude said that in order to end this epidemic we have to follow what Former First Lady Michelle Obama said once: that in order for the children to succeed they need to have a balanced diet wherever they go, including their schools, because then, their efforts at home will be in vain. This observation was a good source for my research since new information regarding the consequences of Trump’s plans is shown and an actual probability of children with obesity nowadays and the future. Comment by Natalie Ruiz: Comment by Natalie Ruiz: Comment by Natalie Ruiz:
From my second observation, found also on YouTube titled, “Obesity: the modern famine” a Ted Talk by Kathy Campbell, I discovered that obesity is not solved by doing more exercises and eating less only, but also by eating more vegetables that our body constantly needs. Our ancestors did not have much controversy with their eating habits since “they ate what did not run away” from them: plants, eggs, bugs, and fish (Campbell 3:58-4:02). However, prior to World War 2 human’s traditions started to change since women took hours to make food for their family, a change that helped increase calories in our bodies and take out the 25% of chemistry that our body needs, a percentage that is found in vegetables. According to Campbell, “obesity is not the problem or a personal failing, it is a result of our primitive bodies surviving our modern culture” (Campbell 12:10-12:20). In other words, our ancestors survived many years of famine and had less probability of developing obesity or diabetes thanks to their habits of eating plants every day, a nutrient that our body needs in order to stay alive and healthy. This source has interesting and new information regarding my topic, it helped me see obesity from a different perspective, information which also proves that Americans traditions and excess consumption of calories and sugar is what is creating this epidemic among every U.S citizen. Comment by Natalie Ruiz: Comment by Natalie Ruiz:
From the two observations I used to discover the answer to my problematic question and see how real this epidemic among U.S citizens is, I found a lot of new and important information that I did not know or thought about before. My first observation from WGBH news was mainly about how crazy this new change that the president plans on making is and how most of the people are against it, including Former First Lady Michelle Obama. The Ted Talk by Campbell showed another perspective of the truth about obesity, when did it all happen and how the people should see things from now on regarding this epidemic. Even though these videos did not mainly state the complete answer to my problematic question, I can assume from my observations and previous research that the government is responsible for the increase in childhood obesity since it is really important that a balanced diet is followed in everyplace that children go to. Since unhealthy habits are being created through these new changes in schools, obesity will keep incrementing. The government does not pay attention to what is happening here and does not Comment by Natalie Ruiz: 8. Your last paragraph looks great; you summarized everything well. The summaries of your observations are clear and easy for anyone to follow. Your closing statements are clearly and properly written; the fact that you even stated how your field research did not provide a clear answer to your problematic question further increases your credibility as a writer.
want to hear other people’s opinions, everything is just about power and money and what is best

for the economy of the country.

Works Cited
Observation 1. YouTube video. “Make Public School Lunch Great Again.” WGHB News.

12 December 2018.
Observation 2. YouTube video. “Obesity: the modern famine.” 30 August 2018.
Reiley, Laura. “More Pizza, Fewer Vegetables: Trump Administration Further Undercuts Obama
School-Lunch Rules.” The Washington Post. 17 Jan.2020.Washingtonpost.com

Final_Draft/My_Final-Draft x
Running Head: PEER REVIEWING IN EVIDENCE BASED PROJECTS 1

3

Student’s Name
Professor’s name
Course
Date
Australian Bushfire and climate change
Bushfires are common in Australia over the past century and it has been problematic because the underlying root cause of the fires is not clear. The topic is interesting because the unprecedented bushfires have continued to unfold and the principal causes of the fires are still a competing argument. In 2019, the temperatures in Australia were above average and the rising levels of the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere caused the lack of radiation balance on earth leading to less escape of heat. The above findings led to the desire to know what the underlying causes and negative factors that favor the occurrence of Australia’s bushfires are as well as the role of climate change concerning these devastating fires.
To gain clarity on the matter, I decided to carry out research. My research was divided into two sections. Section one involved reading as much information as possible on Australian bush fires on the internet, Section two involved watching a you tube video on one of the areas affected by the fires. The main purpose watching the clip was to know the negative effects of the fires as well as see if I can get a hint of what caused the fires.

Researching on the Australian bushfires

Upon conducting my study on the Australian bush fires, I was able to know four main things about the fires. The first finding was that the majority of the country’s bush fires ignited when there were record-breaking heatwaves. Before the fires started, the country was hot and dry. As much as there are various ways in which the fires started: some by arsons, some by lightning, it is the dry and hot climatic conditions of the country that supported the growth of the fires as well as their spreading.
The second finding was that climate change and weather variability can be held partly responsible for the fires. A look at Australia’s climate one cannot help note that the nation has been facing severe drought which has been spurred by three winter periods (Lesley et al., 2019 p. 183) The combination of the two extreme seasons has left the country with little precipitation (Dowdy, 2018 p. 223). Also, the country was hit by the Indian ocean dipole which pushed moisture gathering clouds further away from Australia making the country drier and more susceptible to heatwaves.
The third finding was that the continent is a biodiversity hotspot. The occurrences of bush fires are putting plants and animals at risk. The continent has close to 250 species of mammals however with the rise of bush fires, the number is bound to drop and this will put a strain on the country’s ecological system (Resnick, Irfan, and Samuel, 2020). The fires either burn the animals and plants or destroy the foods that they depend on.
The fourth finding was that thousands of people’s lives have been disrupted by the fires. In the last Australian fires, about 4000 people in Victoria were forced to head to the beach as their communities were ravaged by fires. The fires made it impossible for rescue teams to get to the people via roads as the fires had closed them off. The only escape route they had was via the sea and air. The fires not only destroyed homes, but as well destroyed and interrupted food supplies, power supplies and even fuel supply (Berglez, Peter, and Lidsko, 2019 p. 386). The smoke as a result of the fires has also exposed many people to respiratory complications. Furthermore, farming has been interrupted creating a vacuum in terms of food supply.

My observations after watching films of one of the areas affected by the bushfires

To find out more information about the reason why the Australian bushfires started as well as the impact of the bushfires, on 16th March I watched a film that touched on the impact of the bushfires on Kangaroo Island in South Australia which is a good location to observe the impacts of the fire and to evaluate the underlying causes and negative factors that favor the occurrence of Australia’s bushfires. I spent two hours watching the films trying to get insight on what happened and how it happened.
Over the two hours, I was able to notice three main things. The first thing was that the park was dry. The bushes and the grass were dry; the color of the vegetation was bordering between green and brown which is not usual of the park’s vegetation (ABC News, 2020). When there is ample rain, the park’s vegetation is greenish. From the first observation, I was able to conclude that the park was extraordinarily dry and that is a potential cause of the bushfires that affected the park.
Besides, I noticed that there was a black smoke that filled the park during filming even though the bushfires that ravaged the park had been extinguished. Furthermore, the park was in black color which is a result of the effect of the fire on the park’s vegetation (guardian news, 2020). In the film, a man was recorded carrying burnt carcasses of Kangaroos and Koala bears (behind the news, 2020). He was taking the carcasses to an animal mass grave. The grave was dug to house the park animals that were burnt by the bushfires or that that died due to inhaling smoke. From the observation of burnt carcasses, I was able to identify the impact of the bushfires not only on vegetation but also on animals.

Conclusion

Based on the research, I was able to note three main things. First, climatic and weather changes have played a significant role in the Australian bush fires. Secondly, the impact of the bushfires is not only immediate but also long term due to the disruption of the country’s ecological system. Lastly, for the country to prevent similar fires in the future, reforestation must happen as well as the adoption of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Works Cited
ABC news (Australia). The search for wildlife survivors on bushfire-ravaged Kangaroo Island | ABC News:YouTube (2020). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwPr6Neql2E

Behind the news. Interview with Sam of Kangaroo Island Wildlife Park – Behind the News:Youtube(2020). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1aFzCf9UG4

Berglez, Peter, and Rolf Lidskog. “Foreign, domestic, and cultural factors in climate change reporting: Swedish media’s coverage of bushfires in three continents.” Environmental Communication 13.3 (2019): 381-394. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2017.1397040
 Brian Resnick, Umair Irfan, and Sigal Samuel. “8 things everyone should know about Australia’s bushfire disaster.”(2020). Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2020/1/8/21055228/australia-fires-map-animals-koalas-wildlife-smoke-donate
Dowdy, Andrew J. “Climatological variability of fire weather in Australia.” Journal of applied meteorology and climatology 57.2 (2018): 221-234. Retrieved from https://journals.ametsoc.org/
Guardian news. Wildlife rescue teams search for survivors on Kangaroo Island: Youtube (2020). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQ5TQXWCYmQ

Head, Lesley, et al. “Climate change and Australia.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 5.2 (2019): 175-197. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/

Final_Draft/My_First_Draft x
Fajhan 2

Ahmad Fajhan
Debbie Gyenizse
ENC 1102-U06
19 March 2020
Australian Bushfire and climate change
Over the recent past, Australia has been experiencing the challenge of occurrence of bushfires. This is mostly problematic especially for the reason that the cause of the bush fires have not been established. What is interesting about the issue is that these fires continually occur while the primary source of the fires remain a mystery. The country experienced high temperatures in 2019 as well as increase in the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. The ozone layer was damaged hence leading to lack of radiation balance on earth, and hence resulting to limited escape of heat through the ozone layer. For this reason, I felt the need to establish the principal causes and even the factors that enable the occurrence of the fires in Australia. It is also important to establish whether climatic changes affect occurrence of the fires (Dowdy, 2018).
To gain clarity on the matter, I decided to carry on some additional research and read more information on the internet about the Australian bush fires. As I conducted my first research, I learned four major facts about the fires. I found out that the majority of the country’s bush fires only ignited when there were record breaking heat waves, that before the fires started, the country was hot and dry.
Upon conducting my study on the Australian bush fires, I was able to identify four main things about the fires. The first finding was that the majority of the country’s bush fires ignited when there were record-breaking heat waves. Before the fires started, the country was hot and dry. As much as there are various ways in which the fires started: some by arsonists, some by lightning, it is the hot and dry climatic conditions that support the growth and just how quickly the fires spread.
I discovered in my second finding that climate change and weather variability can be held partly responsible for the fires. According to Lesley Head and his fellow climatologists, by taking a look at Australia’s climate, anyone can realize that the nation have been experiencing droughts which are stimulated by three winter seasons. The combination of two extreme seasons has left the country with little precipitation. The country was also made more vulnerable to heat waves by the Indian ocean dipole. The dipole were found to push the clouds that gather moisture far away from Australia, which led to more droughts in the country. This makes it vulnerable to heat waves.
The third finding I made showed that the Australian continent is a biodiversity hotspot, that the occurrences of bush fires are putting plants and animals at risk. The continent has close to 250 species of mammals. However, with the rise of bush fires, the number is bound to drop and this will put a strain on the country’s ecological system. The fires either burn the animals and plants or destroy the foods that they depend on.

The fourth finding I uncovered showed that the lives of a large population of people living in Australia have been disrupted by the bushfires. For instance, about 4000 Australian citizens who previously resided in Victoria had to relocate to the beach due to occurrence of fires in the nearby regions. The fires made it impossible for rescue teams to get to the people via roads, since the fires had closed them off. The only escape route they had was via the sea and air. Not only did the fires destroy homes, but the fires also destroyed and interrupted food supplies, power supplies and even fuel supply. As a result of the fires, the smoke has also exposed many people to respiratory complications. Furthermore, farming has been interrupted, thus causing a vacuum in terms of food supply.

Works Cited
Dowdy, Andrew J. “Climatological variability of fire weather in Australia.” Journal of applied meteorology and climatology 57.2 (2018): 221-234. Retrieved from https://journals.ametsoc.org/
Head, Lesley, et al. “Climate change and Australia.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 5.2 (2019): 175-197. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/

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The four steps for MLA citation: ENC1102

You must follow these specific steps to incorporate accurate MLA citation into your writing:

1. First, always use an Attributive tag (signal phrase); ex: According to Hill… Friedman claims…Rubin asserts… (See the Attributive Tag handout on Canvas for additional signal phrases).

2a) *Next, either use a direct quote; ex: Blogger Libby Hill writes that loneliness “… has

less to do with being alone and more to do with not having other people around” (???), or

b) A paraphrase, (rewording of the author’s ideas); ex: Hill argues that children are not

ignorant, and just like the cartoon character Calvin, they are attuned to the world around

them (???), or

c) A brief summary; ex: In her blog, based on the syndicated Calvin and Hobbes cartoon

strip, Hill warns her readers against the inherent dangers of overmedicating children. She avidly preaches that as a result of the children being overmedicated, they forever lose their sense of creativity (???), or even

d) A long direct block quote (4 full lines or more). *FYI! This long quote is based on

another topic; ex: According to Lew Feldstein, a United Way director:

…communities with high social capital tend to have better outcomes in areas like crime, health, and education than do communities with low social capital. Expanding national service will increase people-to-people contact, creating more opportunities to form the connections that build social capital. The power of volunteers, that brings people together, shines through the testimonial pages of the AmeriCorps Web site. (Qtd in AmeriCorps Impact Guide 378)

*Notice the difference in punctuation between the short direct quote (2a) and the other

topic’s long direct quote (2d).

3. Then use a parenthetical citation, Ex: (Everyone’s an Author 192) the first time, and if you directly cite again from the same source, just cite the page number (194). Also see the above proper citation for the Americorp “quote within a quote”).

4. Finally, on its own page, add the Works Cited page; ex:

Madsen 4

Works Cited

AmeriCorps Impact Guide. Corporation for National and Community Service, n.d. Web.

23 February 2013.

Hill, Libby. “Calvin and Hobbes: The Voice of the Lonely Child”. (192-197). Everyone’s an

Author. Andrea Lunsford, Michael Brody, Lisa Ede, Beverly J Moss, Carol Clark Pepper,

and Keith Walters. Florida International University’s Customized edition. New York:

Norton, 2017.

Student’s Name

Professor’s name

Course

Date

Outline for Australian Bushfire and Climate Change Essay

I. Introduction:

a.

Discuss the Australian bushfires and how they impact the continent

i. 2019/2020 Australian bush fires left over 4000 displaced

b. Discuss the causes of the fires, use statistics

i. climate change

ii. deforestation

iii. arson activity

c. Talk about how media has pushed for the adoption of measures to reduce adverse climatic changes

II. Body Paragraph 1:

a. Topic Sentence:

i. Climatic changes are playing a significant role in the devastating bush fires of Australia.

b. Discuss the perceived causes of the fire

i. human action

ii. climatic change

c. Talk about when the fires were last experienced

i. 2019/2020 period

III. Body Paragraph 2:

a. Topic Sentence:

i. How research on the study subject is carried out.

b. Internet research

i. YouTube videos

a.

b.

c.

ii. article on Australian bushfires

IV. Body Paragraph 3:

a. Topic Sentence:

i. cause of the bush fires

It is the dry and hot climatic conditions of the country that supported the growth of the fires as well as their spreading

V. Body Paragraph 4:

a. Topic sentence

i. cause of the bush fires

A look at Australia’s climate one cannot help note that the nation has been facing severe drought which has been spurred by three winter periods (Lesley et al., 2019 p. 183). The combination of the two extreme seasons has left the country with little precipitation (Dowdy, 2018 p. 223).

VI. Body Paragraph 4

a. Topic sentence

i. impact of the fires

The occurrences of bush fires are putting plants and animals at risk.

VII. Body paragraph 5

a. Topic sentence

i. Impact of the fires

In the last Australian fires, about 4000 people in Victoria were forced to head to the beach as their communities were ravaged by fires

VIII. Conclusion:

a. Discuss the main points from each paragraph

b. Discuss how climatic changes influenced the bushfires

c. Talk about the measures that can be implemented to prevent future fires.