CONSTRUCTION COST ANALYSIS AND BIDDING – Assgn 1

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COURSE: CONSTRUCTION COST ANALYSIS AND BIDDING

LEVEL: GRADUATE

ASSIGNMENT # 1

TOTAL POINTS: 100

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After successfully completing this assignment, students will be able to:

• Differentiate between various construction processes

• Differentiate between various methods for cost estimation

Q1. Estimate the preliminary cost of constructing a single family one-story, 2,000-ft2 average-

quality home (you can choose any location). The home is constructed with wood siding on a

wood frame and includes a two-car detached garage, 300-ft2 porch, two and one-half baths, one

fireplace (internal chimney with two flues), cedar shakes, air- conditioning utilizing the heating

ductwork, and a full, unfinished basement. You can use Means Cost Data online, library copy or

the cost data sheet attached. Please refer all the cost resources you have used for your work

(Include a list of assumptions (if any) you have made to calculate the cost).

40 points

Cost Data Source

Attached cost data sheet will be sufficient for this assignment. You can make any

assumptions as needed and provide the list of those assumption in the beginning of the

assignment.

Q2. Search online for a copy of sample contract agreement document and answer the

following questions (you have to attach the copy of sample contract with your work):

a. What type of agreement (lump-sum, unit-price, or cost plus-fee) is used for the project? If
it is a cost- plus-fee agreement, how is the fee determined, and is there a guaranteed

maximum price?

b. What provisions are included in the contract documents regarding the time of
completion? What penalties are there for failing to meet the completion date? Is there a

bonus for completing the project ahead of schedule?

c. How are progress payments handled? When are they due? How quickly will they be
paid?

d. Will retention be withheld? What are the requirements for the release of retention?
e. How is final acceptance handled? What inspections are required? What forms,

documents, maintenance and operation manuals, certifications, red-line drawings, and so

on need to be submitted before final acceptance?

f. What bonds and insurances are needed for the job? 60 points

Data Sources

Some of the sample contract documents can be downloaded by clicking the following links:

https://www.montrosecounty.net/DocumentCenter/View/823/Sample-Construction-Contract

https://www.smgov.net/uploadedFiles/Departments/Public_Works/AdminSvcs_-

_Architecure/SAMPLE%20CONSTRUCTION%20CONTRACT%20(4-16)

https://uh.edu/legal-affairs/cmar_ogc-s-2013-01_revised-05.01.2019

https://www.inf.gov.nt.ca/sites/inf/files/resources/construction_contract_0

https://formswift.com/downloads/construction-contract/construction-contract

Quote of the week:

“Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always to try just

one more time.” – Thomas A. Edison

https://www.montrosecounty.net/DocumentCenter/View/823/Sample-Construction-Contract

https://www.smgov.net/uploadedFiles/Departments/Public_Works/AdminSvcs_-_Architecure/SAMPLE%20CONSTRUCTION%20CONTRACT%20(4-16)

https://uh.edu/legal-affairs/cmar_ogc-s-2013-01_revised-05.01.2019

https://www.inf.gov.nt.ca/sites/inf/files/resources/construction_contract_0

https://formswift.com/downloads/construction-contract/construction-contract

Includes inside the back cover:Includes inside the back cover:
Inside the back cover of this book you’ll find a software download

certificate. The download includes an easy-to-use estimating program
with all the cost estimates in this book. The software will run on PCs
using Windows XP, Vista, 7 or 8 operating systems.

Quarterly price updates on the Web are free and automatic all
during 2015. You’ll be prompted when it’s time to collect the next
update. A connection to the Web is required.

Download all of Craftsman’s most popular costbooks for one low price
with the Craftsman Site License. http://CraftsmanSiteLicense.com

2015
NATIONAL
BUILDING COST
MANUAL
39th Edition

$78.00

Craftsman Book

Company

6058 Corte del Cedro, Carlsbad, CA 92011

Edited by

Ben Moselle

Turn your estimate into a bid.Turn your estimate into a bid.

Turn your bid into a contract.Turn your bid into a contract.

ConstructionContractWriter.comConstructionContractWriter.com

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Cover design by: Jennifer Johnson
Photos: iStock by Getty Images™
Illustrations by Laura Knight, Devona Quindoy
© 2014 Craftsman Book Company
Portions © 2011 Saylor Publications, Inc.
ISBN 978-1-57218-305-6
Published November 2014 for the year 2015

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Contents of This Manual

Explanation of the Cost Tables

………………………….. 4

Area Modification Factors

…………………………………. 7
Construction Cost

Index

……………………………………

Residential Structures Section

………………………….10
Single Family Residences ………………………………………. 10
Manufactured Housing…………………………………………… 16
Multi-Family Residences ………………………………………… 19
Motels………………………………………………………………….. 23
Additional Costs for Residences……………………………… 27
Multi-Family and Motel Garages ……………………………… 31
Cabins and Recreational Dwellings …………………………. 32
Conventional Recreational Dwellings……………………….. 33
“A-Frame” Cabins …………………………………………………. 38
Additional Costs for Recreational Dwellings ……………… 42
Life in Years and Depreciation for Residences ………….. 43

Public Buildings Section …………………………………..44
Elementary Schools ………………………………………………. 44
Secondary Schools ……………………………………………….. 53
Government Buildings……………………………………………. 56
Public Libraries……………………………………………………… 62
Fire Stations …………………………………………………………. 68

Commercial Structures Section …………………………74
Urban Stores, Masonry or Concrete ………………………… 76
Urban Stores, Wood or Wood and Steel ………………….. 82
Suburban Stores, Masonry or Concrete …………………… 89
Suburban Stores, Wood or Wood and Steel……………… 94
Supermarkets, Masonry or Concrete ……………………… 103
Supermarkets, Wood or Wood and Steel ……………….. 105
Small Food Stores, Masonry or Concrete……………….. 107
Small Food Stores, Wood Frame…………………………… 109
Discount Houses, Masonry or Concrete…………………. 111
Discount Houses, Wood or Wood and Steel …………… 113
Banks and Savings Offices, Masonry or Concrete …… 115
Banks and Savings Office, Wood Frame ………………… 120
Department Stores, Reinforced Concrete……………….. 126
Department Stores, Masonry or Concrete ………………. 129
Department Stores, Wood Frame ………………………….. 132
General Office Buildings, Masonry or Concrete ………. 135
General Office Buildings, Wood Frame ………………….. 143
Medical-Dental Buildings, Masonry or Concrete ……… 151
Medical-Dental Buildings, Wood Frame …………………. 159
Convalescent Hospitals, Masonry or Concrete ……….. 167
Convalescent Hospitals, Wood Frame …………………… 169
Funeral Homes……………………………………………………. 171
Ecclesiastic Buildings ………………………………………….. 173
Self Service Restaurants ………………………………………. 175
Coffee Shop Restaurants ……………………………………… 178
Conventional Restaurants …………………………………….. 181
“A-Frame” Restaurants ………………………………………… 183

Theaters, Masonry or Concrete……………………………… 185
Mobile Home Parks……………………………………………… 192
Service Stations, Wood, Masonry or Steel ………………. 198
Service Stations, Porcelain Finished Steel ………………. 200
Service Stations, Ranch or Rustic ………………………….. 202
Additional Costs for Service Stations ……………………… 204
Service Garages, Masonry or Concrete………………….. 208
Service Garages, Wood Frame……………………………… 213
Auto Service Centers, Masonry or Concrete……………. 218

Industrial Structures Section………………………….. 222
Warehouses ……………………………………………………….. 224
Light Industrial Buildings ………………………………………. 225
Factory Buildings ………………………………………………… 226
Internal Offices ……………………………………………………. 227
External Offices …………………………………………………… 227
Steel Buildings…………………………………………………….. 228
Alternate Costs for Steel Buildings…………………………. 230
Commercial and Industrial Building Lives……………….. 235
Additional Commercial and Industrial Costs……………. 236
Material Handling System …………………………………….. 242
Display Fronts …………………………………………………….. 243
Satellite Receiver Systems ……………………………………. 245
Signs …………………………………………………………………. 246
Yard Improvements ……………………………………………… 247

Agricultural Structures Section ………………………. 249
General Purpose Barns ………………………………………… 250
Hay Storage Barns ………………………………………………. 251
Feed Barns …………………………………………………………. 252
Shop Buildings ……………………………………………………. 253
Machinery and Equipment Sheds………………………….. 254
Small Sheds ……………………………………………………….. 255
Pole Barns ………………………………………………………….. 256
Low Cost Dairy Barns…………………………………………… 257
Stanchion Dairy Barns………………………………………….. 258
Walk-Through Dairy Barns ……………………………………. 259
Modern Herringbone Barns ………………………………….. 260
Miscellaneous Dairy Costs……………………………………. 261
Poultry Houses, Conventional ……………………………….. 262
Poultry Houses, Modern Type……………………………….. 263
Poultry Houses, High Rise Type ……………………………. 264
Poultry Houses, Deep Pit Type ……………………………… 265
Poultry House Equipment …………………………………….. 266
Green Houses …………………………………………………….. 267
Migrant Worker Housing ………………………………………. 268
Miscellaneous Agricultural Structures …………………….. 269
Typical Lives for Agricultural Buildings……………………. 269

Military Construction Section…………………………. 270
Facility Costs ……………………………………………….. 271
Index ……………………………………………………………. 273

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

This manual shows construction or replacement
costs for a wide variety of residential, commercial,
industrial, public, agricultural and military buildings.
For your convenience and to minimize the chance
of an error, all the cost and reference information
you need for each building type is brought together
on two or three pages. After reading pages 4 to 6,
you should be able to turn directly to any building
type and create an error-free estimate or appraisal
of the construction or replacement cost.

The costs are per square foot of floor area for
the basic building and additional costs for optional
or extra components that differ from building to
building. Building shape, floor area, design
elements, materials used, and overall quality
influence the basic structure cost. These and other
cost variables are isolated for the building types.
Components included in the basic square foot cost
are listed with each building type. Instructions for
using the basic building costs are included above
the cost tables. These instructions include a list of
components that may have to be added to the
basic cost to find the total cost for your structure.

The figures in this manual are intended to reflect
the amount that would be paid by the first user of a
building completed in mid 2015.

Costs in the tables include all construction costs:
labor, material, equipment, plans, building permit,
supervision, overhead and profit. Cost tables do
not include land value, site development costs,
government mandated fees (other than the building
permit) or the cost of modifying unusual soil
conditions or grades. Construction expense may
represent as much as 60% or as little as 40% of the
cost to the first building owner. Site preparation,
utility lines, government fees and mandates,
finance cost and marketing are not part of the
construction cost and may be as much as 20% of
the cost to the first building owner.

Building Quality

Structures vary widely in quality and the quality
of construction is the most significant variable in the
finished cost. For estimating purposes the structure
should be placed in one or more quality classes.
These classes are numbered from 1 which is the
highest quality generally encountered. Each section
of this manual has a page describing typical
specifications which define the quality class.

Each number class has been assigned a word
description (such as best, good, average or low)
for convenience and to help avoid possible errors.

The quality specifications do not reflect some
design features and construction details that can
make a building both more desirable and more
costly. When substantially more than basic design
elements are present, and when these elements
add significantly to the cost, it is appropriate to
classify the quality of the building as higher than
would be warranted by the materials used in
construction.

Many structures do not fall into a single class
and have features of two quality classes. The tables
have “half classes” which apply to structures which
have some features of one class and some
features of a higher or lower class. Classify a
building into a “half class” when the quality
elements are fairly evenly divided between two
classes. Generally, quality elements do not vary
widely in a single building. For example, it would be
unusual to find a top quality single family residence
with minimum quality roof cover. The most weight
should be given to quality elements that have the
greatest cost. For example, the type of wall and
roof framing or the quality of interior finish are more
significant than the roof cover or bathroom wall
finish. Careful evaluation may determine that
certain structures fall into two distinct classes. In
this case, the cost of each part of the building
should be evaluated separately.

Building Shapes

Shape classification considers any cost
differences that arise from variations in building
outline. Shape classification considerations vary
somewhat with different building types. Where the
building shape often varies widely between
buildings and shape has a significant effect on the
building cost, basic building costs are given for
several shapes. Use the table that most closely
matches the shape of the building you are
evaluating. If the shape falls near the division
between two basic building cost tables, it is
appropriate to average the square foot cost from
those two tables.

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

Area of Buildings

The basic building cost tables reflect the fact
that larger buildings generally cost less per square
foot than smaller buildings. The cost tables are
based on square foot areas which include the
following:

1. All floor area within and including the exterior
walls of the main building.

2. Inset areas such as vestibules, entrances or
porches outside of the exterior wall but under the
main roof.

3. Any enclosed additions, annexes or lean-tos with
a square foot cost greater than three-fourths of
the square foot cost of the main building.

Select the basic building cost listed below the
area which falls closest to the actual area of your
building. If the area of your building falls nearly mid-
way between two listed building areas, it is
appropriate to average the square foot costs for the
listed areas.

Wall Heights

Building costs are based on the wall heights
given in the instructions for each building cost
table. Wall height for the various floors of a building
are computed as follows: The basement is
measured from the bottom of floor slab to the
bottom of the first floor slab or joist. The main or
first floor extends from the bottom of the first floor
slab or joist to the top of the roof slab or ceiling
joist. Upper floors are measured from the top of the
floor slab or floor joist to the top of the roof slab or
ceiling joist. These measurements may be
illustrated as follows:

Square foot costs of most building design types
must be adjusted if the actual wall height differs
from the listed wall height. Wall height adjustment
tables are included for buildings requiring this
adjustment. Wall height adjustment tables list
square foot costs for a foot of difference in
perimeter wall height of buildings of various areas.
The amount applicable to the actual building area
is added or deducted for each foot of difference
from the basic wall height.

Buildings such as residences, medical-dental
buildings, funeral homes and convalescent
hospitals usually have a standard 8-foot ceiling
height except in chapels or day room areas. If a
significant cost difference exists due to a wall
height variation, this factor should be considered in
establishing the quality class.

Other Adjustments

A common wall exists when two buildings share
one wall. Common wall adjustments are made by
deducting the in-place cost of the exterior wall
finish plus one-half of the in-place cost of the
structural portion of the common wall area.

If an owner has no ownership in a wall, the in-
place cost of the exterior wall finish plus the in-
place cost of the structural portion of the wall
should be deducted from the total building costs.
Suggested common wall and no wall ownership
costs are included for many of the building types.

Some square foot costs include the cost of
expensive veneer finishes on the entire perimeter
wall. When these buildings butt against other
buildings, adjustments should be made for the lack
of this finish. Where applicable, linear foot cost
deductions are provided.

The square foot costs in this manual are based
on composite costs of total buildings including
usual work room or storage areas. They are
intended to be applied on a 100% basis to the total
building area even though certain areas may or
may not have interior finish. Only in rare instances
will it be necessary to modify the square foot cost
of a portion of a building.

Multiple story buildings usually share a common
roof structure and cover, a common foundation
and common floor or ceiling structures. The costs
of these components are included in the various
floor levels as follows:

Basement

1s t story

Upper stories

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Explanation of the Cost Tables

The first or main floor includes the cost of a floor
structure built at ground level, foundation costs for
a one-story building, a complete ceiling and roof
structure, and a roof cover. The basement includes
the basement floor structure and the difference
between the cost of the first floor structure built at
ground level and its cost built over a basement.
The second floor includes the difference between
the cost of a foundation for a one-story building
and the cost of a foundation for a two-story building
and the cost of the second story floor structure.

Location Adjustments

The figures in this manual are intended as
national averages for metropolitan areas of the
United States. Use the information on page 7 to
adapt the basic building costs to any area listed.
Frequently building costs outside metropolitan
areas are 2% to 6% lower if skilled, productive,
lower cost labor is available in the area. The factors
on page 7 can be applied to nearly all the square
foot costs and some of the “additional” costs in this
book.

Temporary working conditions in any community
can affect construction and replacement costs.
Construction which must be done under deadline
pressure or in adverse weather conditions or after a
major fire, flood, or hurricane or in a thin labor
market can temporarily inflate costs 25% to 50%.
Conditions such as these are usually temporary
and affect only a limited area. But the higher costs
are real and must be considered, no matter how
limited the area and how transient the condition.

Depreciation

Depreciation is the loss in value of a structure
from all causes and is caused primarily by three
forms of obsolescence: (1) physical (2) functional,
and (3) economic.

Physical obsolescence is the deterioration of
building components such as paint, carpets or
roofing. Much of this deterioration is totally curable.
The physical life tables on pages 43, 235 and 269
assume normal physical obsolescence. Good
judgment is required to evaluate how deferred
maintenance or rehabilitation will reduce or extend the
anticipated physical life of a building.

Functional obsolescence is due to some
deficiency or flaw in the building. For example, too
few bathrooms for the number of bedrooms or an

exceptionally high ceiling can reduce the life
expectancy of a residence. Some functional
obsolescence can be cured. The physical life
tables do not consider functional obsolescence.

Economic obsolescence is caused by
conditions that occur off site and are beyond
control of the owner. Examples of economic
obsolescence include a store in an area of
declining economic activity or obsolescence
caused by governmental regulation (such as a
change in zoning). Because this kind of
obsolescence is particularly difficult to measure, it
is not considered in the physical life tables.

“Effective age” considers all forms of
depreciation. It may be less than chronological
age, if recently remodeled or improved, or more
than the actual age, if deterioration is particularly
bad. Though effective age is not considered in the
physical life tables, it may yield a better picture of a
structure’s life than the actual physical age. Once
the effective age is determined, considering
physical, functional and economic deterioration,
use the percent good tables on pages 43, 235 or
269 to determine the present value of a
depreciated building. Present value is the result of
multiplying the replacement cost (found by using
the cost tables) by the appropriate percent good.

Limitations

This manual will be a useful reference for anyone
who has to develop budget estimates or
replacement costs for buildings. Anyone familiar
with construction estimating understands that even
very competent estimators with complete working
drawings, full specifications and precise labor and
material costs can disagree on the cost of a
building. Frequently exhaustive estimates for even
relatively simple structures can vary 10% or more.
The range of competitive bids on some building
projects is as much as 20%. Estimating costs is not
an exact science and there’s room for legitimate
disagreement on what the “right” cost is. This
manual can not help you do in a few minutes what
skilled estimators may not be able to do in many
hours. This manual will help you determine a
reasonable replacement or construction cost for
most buildings. It is not intended as a substitute for
judgment or as a replacement for sound
professional practice, but should prove a valuable
aid to developing an informed opinion of value.

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Area Modification Factors

Construction costs are higher in some cities than in
other cities. Add or deduct the percentage shown on this
page or page 8 to adapt the costs in this book to your job
site. Adjust your estimated total project cost by the per-
centage shown for the appropriate city in this table to find
your total estimated cost. Where 0% is shown it means no
modification is required. Factors for Canada adjust to
Canadian dollars.

These percentages were compiled by comparing the
construction cost of buildings in nearly 600 communities
throughout North America. Because these percentages
are based on completed projects, they consider all con-

struction cost variables, including labor, equipment and
material cost, labor productivity, climate, job conditions
and markup.

Modification factors are listed alphabetically by state
and city, followed by the first three digits of the postal zip
code.

These percentages are composites of many costs and
will not necessarily be accurate when estimating the cost
of any particular part of a building. But when used to
modify costs for an entire structure, they should improve
the accuracy of your estimates.

Alabama Average -6%
Anniston 362 -9%
Auburn 368 -6%
Bellamy 369 -3%
Birmingham 350-352 3%
Dothan 363 -6%
Evergreen 364 -12%
Gadsden 359 -13%
Huntsville 358 -3%
Jasper 355 -11%
Mobile 365-366 -3%
Montgomery 360-361 -2%
Scottsboro 357 -6%
Selma 367 -6%
Sheffield 356 -1%
Tuscaloosa 354 -5%

Alaska Average 21%
Anchorage 995 27%
Fairbanks 997 24%
Juneau 998 22%
Ketchikan 999 11%
King Salmon 996 24%

Arizona Average -4%
Chambers 865 -4%
Douglas 855 -3%
Flagstaff 860 -9%
Kingman 864 -5%
Mesa 852 1%
Phoenix 850 1%
Prescott 863 -7%
Show Low 859 -9%
Tucson 856-857 -6%
Yuma 853 0%

Arkansas Average -7%
Batesville 725 -10%
Camden 717 -5%
Fayetteville 727 -5%
Fort Smith 729 -7%
Harrison 726 -14%
Hope 718 -1%
Hot Springs 719 -13%
Jonesboro 724 -8%
Little Rock 720-722 -3%
Pine Bluff 716 -2%
Russellville 728 -6%
West Memphis 723 -6%

California Average 8%
Alhambra 917-918 9%
Bakersfield 932-933 3%
El Centro 922 -1%
Eureka 955 -4%
Fresno 936-938 -1%
Herlong 961 -1%
Inglewood 902-905 9%
Irvine 926-927 13%
Lompoc 934 6%
Long Beach 907-908 10%
Los Angeles 900-901 8%
Marysville 959 -1%
Modesto 953 -1%
Mojave 935 6%
Novato 949 13%
Oakland 945-947 19%
Orange 928 12%
Oxnard 930 4%
Pasadena 910-912 9%
Rancho Cordova 956-957 6%
Redding 960 -3%
Richmond 948 19%
Riverside 925 3%
Sacramento 958 6%

Salinas 939 3%
San Bernardino 923-924 4%
San Diego 919-921 7%
San Francisco 941 28%
San Jose 950-951 18%
San Mateo 943-944 20%
Santa Barbara 931 6%
Santa Rosa 954 6%
Stockton 952 1%
Sunnyvale 940 20%
Van Nuys 913-916 8%
Whittier 906 8%

Colorado Average 1%
Aurora 800-801 6%
Boulder 803-804 3%
Colorado Springs 808-809 -1%
Denver 802 6%
Durango 813 0%
Fort Morgan 807 -3%
Glenwood Springs 816 4%
Grand Junction 814-815 -1%
Greeley 806 4%
Longmont 805 2%
Pagosa Springs 811 -6%
Pueblo 810 2%
Salida 812 -5%

Connecticuit Average 12%
Bridgeport 066 12%
Bristol 060 12%
Fairfield 064 14%
Hartford 061 14%
New Haven 065 12%
Norwich 063 8%
Stamford 068-069 16%
Waterbury 067 12%
West Hartford 062 9%

Delaware Average 2%
Dover 199 -5%
Newark 197 7%
Wilmington 198 5%

District of Columbia
Average 12%

Washington 200-205 12%

Florida Average -7%
Altamonte Springs 327 -6%
Bradenton 342 -8%
Brooksville 346 -9%
Daytona Beach 321 -12%
Fort Lauderdale 333 -1%
Fort Myers 339 -9%
Fort Pierce 349 -13%
Gainesville 326 -9%
Jacksonville 322 -4%
Lakeland 338 -8%
Melbourne 329 -10%
Miami 330-332 -2%
Naples 341 -5%
Ocala 344 -13%
Orlando 328 -2%
Panama City 324 -12%
Pensacola 325 -9%
Saint Augustine 320 -7%
Saint Cloud 347 -5%
St Petersburg 337 -7%
Tallahassee 323 -9%
Tampa 335-336 -3%
West Palm Beach 334 -3%

Georgia Average -4%
Albany 317 -9%
Athens 306 -6%

Atlanta 303 13%
Augusta 308-309 -4%
Buford 305 -4%
Calhoun 307 -11%
Columbus 318-319 -6%
Dublin/Fort Valley 310 -9%
Hinesville 313 -6%
Kings Bay 315 -4%
Macon 312 -3%
Marietta 300-302 4%
Savannah 314 -5%
Statesboro 304 -11%
Valdosta 316 -3%

Hawaii Average 24%
Aliamanu 968 25%
Ewa 967 23%
Halawa Heights 967 23%
Hilo 967 23%
Honolulu 968 25%
Kailua 968 25%
Lualualei 967 23%
Mililani Town 967 23%
Pearl City 967 23%
Wahiawa 967 23%
Waianae 967 23%
Wailuku (Maui) 967 23%

Idaho Average -9%
Boise 837 -2%
Coeur d’Alene 838 -11%
Idaho Falls 834 -8%
Lewiston 835 -12%
Meridian 836 -9%
Pocatello 832 -10%
Sun Valley 833 -10%

Illinois Average 5%
Arlington Heights 600 16%
Aurora 605 15%
Belleville 622 0%
Bloomington 617 1%
Carbondale 629 -5%
Carol Stream 601 15%
Centralia 628 -3%
Champaign 618 0%
Chicago 606-608 17%
Decatur 623 -8%
Galesburg 614 -6%
Granite City 620 3%
Green River 612 4%
Joliet 604 16%
Kankakee 609 1%
Lawrenceville 624 -6%
Oak Park 603 19%
Peoria 615-606 7%
Peru 613 3%
Quincy 602 17%
Rockford 610-611 4%
Springfield 625-527 0%
Urbana 619 -3%

Indiana Average -2%
Aurora 470 -4%
Bloomington 474 -1%
Columbus 472 -4%
Elkhart 465 -4%
Evansville 476-477 4%
Fort Wayne 467-468 -3%
Gary 463-464 20%
Indianapolis 460-462 7%
Jasper 475 -8%
Jeffersonville 471 -4%
Kokomo 469 -8%
Lafayette 479 -6%

Muncie 473 -9%
South Bend 466 -3%
Terre Haute 478 -3%

Iowa Average -4%
Burlington 526 -3%
Carroll 514 -11%
Cedar Falls 506 -4%
Cedar Rapids 522-524 3%
Cherokee 510 -1%
Council Bluffs 515 -1%
Creston 508 -8%
Davenport 527-528 3%
Decorah 521 -7%
Des Moines 500-503 4%
Dubuque 520 -3%
Fort Dodge 505 -3%
Mason City 504 -3%
Ottumwa 525 -6%
Sheldon 512 -8%
Shenandoah 516 -13%
Sioux City 511 3%
Spencer 513 -8%
Waterloo 507 -5%

Kansas Average -7%
Colby 677 -7%
Concordia 669 -13%
Dodge City 678 -6%
Emporia 668 -5%
Fort Scott 667 -8%
Hays 676 -13%
Hutchinson 675 -7%
Independence 673 0%
Liberal 679 -7%
Salina 674 -8%
Wichita 670 -5%

Kentucky Average -4%
Ashland 411-412 -6%
Bowling Green 421 -5%
Campton 413-414 -10%
Covington 410 1%
Elizabethtown 427 -9%
Frankfort 406 -1%
Hazard 417-418 -6%
Hopkinsville 422 -7%
Lexington 403-405 2%
London 407-409 -7%
Louisville 400-402 1%
Owensboro 423 -3%
Paducah 420 -2%
Pikeville 415-416 -4%
Somerset 425-426 -10%
White Plains 424 -5%

Louisiana Average 0%
Alexandria 713-714 -4%
Baton Rouge 707-708 10%
Houma 703 6%
Lafayette 705 2%
Lake Charles 706 0%
Mandeville 704 -1%
Minden 710 -6%
Monroe 712 -9%
New Orleans 700-701 2%
Shreveport 711 -4%

Maine Average -7%
Auburn 042 -5%
Augusta 043 -8%
Bangor 044 -8%
Bath 045 -7%
Brunswick 046 -2%

Camden 047 -11%
Cutler 048 -10%
Dexter 049 -8%
Northern Area 050 -10%
Portland 051 0%

Maryland Average 2%
Annapolis 214 8%
Baltimore 210-212 8%
Bethesda 208-209 13%
Church Hill 216 -4%
Cumberland 215 -10%
Elkton 219 -2%
Frederick 217 5%
Laurel 206-207 9%
Salisbury 218 -6%

Massachusetts
Average 13%

Ayer 015-016 8%
Bedford 017 18%
Boston 021-022 34%
Brockton 023-024 21%
Cape Cod 026 4%
Chicopee 010 8%
Dedham 019 17%
Fitchburg 014 13%
Hingham 020 20%
Lawrence 018 16%
Nantucket 025 11%
New Bedford 027 10%
Northfield 013 1%
Pittsfield 012 1%
Springfield 011 9%

Michigan Average 1%
Battle Creek 490-491 -1%
Detroit 481-482 8%
Flint 484-485 -5%
Grand Rapids 493-495 1%
Grayling 497 -8%
Jackson 492 -2%
Lansing 488-489 2%
Marquette 498-499 1%
Pontiac 483 10%
Royal Oak 480 8%
Saginaw 486-487 -6%
Traverse City 496 -1%

Minnesota Average 0%
Bemidji 566 -5%
Brainerd 564 -1%
Duluth 556-558 1%
Fergus Falls 565 -8%
Magnolia 561 -9%
Mankato 560 -3%
Minneapolis 553-555 12%
Rochester 559 -2%
St Cloud 563 5%
St Paul 550-551 11%
Thief River Falls 567 -1%
Willmar 562 -3%

Mississippi Average -8%
Clarksdale 386 -9%
Columbus 397 -1%
Greenville 387 -15%
Greenwood 389 -11%
Gulfport 395 -2%
Jackson 390-392 -5%
Laurel 394 -8%
McComb 396 -11%
Meridian 393 -4%
Tupelo 388 -9%

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Area Modification Factors

Missouri Average -4%
Cape Girardeau 637 -4%
Caruthersville 638 -9%
Chillicothe 646 -8%
Columbia 652 -5%
East Lynne 647 -6%
Farmington 636 -9%
Hannibal 634 -2%
Independence 640 5%
Jefferson City 650-651 -5%
Joplin 648 -8%
Kansas City 641 7%
Kirksville 635 -13%
Knob Noster 653 -7%
Lebanon 654-655 -13%
Poplar Bluff 639 -7%
Saint Charles 633 2%
Saint Joseph 644-645 2%
Springfield 656-658 -9%
St Louis 630-631 7%

Montana Average -4%
Billings 590-591 0%
Butte 597 -5%
Fairview 592 3%
Great Falls 594 -4%
Havre 595 -10%
Helena 596 -3%
Kalispell 599 -7%
Miles City 593 -7%
Missoula 598 -7%

Nebraska Average -9%
Alliance 693 -10%
Columbus 686 -6%
Grand Island 688 -7%
Hastings 689 -9%
Lincoln 683-685 -5%
McCook 690 -11%
Norfolk 687 -9%
North Platte 691 -10%
Omaha 680-681 -1%
Valentine 692 -15%

Nevada Average 4%
Carson City 897 -6%
Elko 898 21%
Ely 893 1%
Fallon 894 2%
Las Vegas 889-891 3%
Reno 895 1%

New Hampshire
Average 0%

Charlestown 036 -4%
Concord 034 -1%
Dover 038 3%
Lebanon 037 -2%
Littleton 035 -3%
Manchester 032-033 3%
New Boston 030-031 5%

New Jersey Average 14%
Atlantic City 080 10%
Brick 087 6%
Dover 078 15%
Edison 088 17%
Hackensack 076 15%
Monmouth 077 16%
Newark 071-073 16%
Passaic 070 16%
Paterson 074-075 13%
Princeton 085 15%
Summit 079 21%
Trenton 086 13%

New Mexico Average -10%
Alamogordo 883 -13%
Albuquerque 870-871 -4%
Clovis 881 -12%
Farmington 874 -1%
Fort Sumner 882 -3%
Gallup 873 -8%
Holman 877 -11%
Las Cruces 880 -13%
Santa Fe 875 -9%
Socorro 878 -17%
Truth or

Consequences 879 -13%
Tucumcari 884 -11%

New York Average 9%
Albany 120-123 9%
Amityville 117 15%
Batavia 140 1%

Binghamton 137 0%
Bronx 104 16%
Brooklyn 112 14%
Buffalo 142 2%
Elmira 149 -1%
Flushing 113 23%
Garden City 115 21%
Hicksville 118 20%
Ithaca 148 -3%
Jamaica 114 22%
Jamestown 147 -5%
Kingston 124 -3%
Long Island 111 36%
Montauk 119 13%
New York

(Manhattan) 100 37%
New York City 100-102 37%
Newcomb 128 1%
Niagara Falls 143 -6%
Plattsburgh 129 -1%
Poughkeepsie 125-126 2%
Queens 110 25%
Rochester 144-146 2%
Rockaway 116 18%
Rome 133-134 -4%
Staten Island 103 15%
Stewart 127 -3%
Syracuse 130-132 2%
Tonawanda 141 -1%
Utica 135 -6%
Watertown 136 2%
West Point 109 9%
White Plains 105-108 19%

North Carolina Average -5%
Asheville 287 -8%
Charlotte 280-282 6%
Durham 277 1%
Elizabeth City 279 -8%
Fayetteville 283 -7%
Goldsboro 275 -1%
Greensboro 274 -4%
Hickory 286 -10%
Kinston 285 -10%
Raleigh 276 2%
Rocky Mount 278 -7%
Wilmington 284 -8%
Winston-Salem 270-273 -6%

North Dakota Average 5%
Bismarck 585 4%
Dickinson 586 10%
Fargo 580-581 3%
Grand Forks 582 1%
Jamestown 584 -3%
Minot 587 11%
Nekoma 583 -8%
Williston 588 21%

Ohio Average 0%
Akron 442-443 1%
Canton 446-447 -1%
Chillicothe 456 -4%
Cincinnati 450-452 4%
Cleveland 440-441 3%
Columbus 432 6%
Dayton 453-455 -1%
Lima 458 -6%
Marietta 457 -4%
Marion 433 -3%
Newark 430-431 4%
Sandusky 448-449 -1%
Steubenville 439 1%
Toledo 434-436 6%
Warren 444 -3%
Youngstown 445 0%
Zanesville 437-438 -1%

Oklahoma Average -6%
Adams 739 -9%
Ardmore 734 -6%
Clinton 736 -3%
Durant 747 -13%
Enid 737 -4%
Lawton 735 -12%
McAlester 745 -9%
Muskogee 744 -8%
Norman 730 -4%
Oklahoma City 731 -3%
Ponca City 746 -1%
Poteau 749 -9%
Pryor 743 -8%
Shawnee 748 -10%
Tulsa 740-741 -1%
Woodward 738 2%

Oregon Average -5%
Adrian 979 -14%
Bend 977 -8%
Eugene 974 -3%
Grants Pass 975 -6%
Klamath Falls 976 -10%
Pendleton 978 -4%
Portland 970-972 10%
Salem 973 -3%

Pennsylvania Average -1%
Allentown 181 4%
Altoona 166 -8%
Beaver Springs 178 -5%
Bethlehem 180 6%
Bradford 167 -8%
Butler 160 -2%
Chambersburg 172 -8%
Clearfield 168 -2%
DuBois 158 -10%
East Stroudsburg 183 -4%
Erie 164-165 -7%
Genesee 169 -7%
Greensburg 156 -2%
Harrisburg 170-171 3%
Hazleton 182 -5%
Johnstown 159 -9%
Kittanning 162 -6%
Lancaster 175 1%
Meadville 163 -11%
Montrose 188 2%
New Castle 161 -3%
Philadelphia 190-191 13%
Pittsburgh 152 5%
Pottsville 179 -8%
Punxsutawney 157 -2%
Reading 195196 2%
Scranton 184-185 -1%
Somerset 155 -9%
Southeastern 193 10%
Uniontown 154 -5%
Valley Forge 194 13%
Warminster 189 11%
Warrendale 150-151 6%
Washington 153 8%
Wilkes Barre 186-187 -3%
Williamsport 177 -2%
York 173-174 2%

Rhode Island Average 6%
Bristol 028 7%
Coventry 028 7%
Cranston 029 6%
Davisville 028 7%
Narragansett 028 7%
Newport 028 7%
Providence 029 6%
Warwick 028 7%

South Carolina Average -4%
Aiken 298 2%
Beaufort 299 -6%
Charleston 294 -1%
Columbia 290-292 -5%
Greenville 296 -4%
Myrtle Beach 295 -9%
Rock Hill 297 -8%
Spartanburg 293 -4%

South Dakota Average -8%
Aberdeen 574 -7%
Mitchell 573 -8%
Mobridge 576 -11%
Pierre 575 -13%
Rapid City 577 -8%
Sioux Falls 570-571 -2%
Watertown 572 -8%

Tennessee Average -3%
Chattanooga 374 0%
Clarksville 370 1%
Cleveland 373 -2%
Columbia 384 -7%
Cookeville 385 -10%
Jackson 383 -4%
Kingsport 376 -5%
Knoxville 377-379 -1%
McKenzie 382 -8%
Memphis 380-381 2%
Nashville 371-372 5%

Texas Average -1%
Abilene 795-796 -3%
Amarillo 790-791 -2%
Arlington 760 1%
Austin 786-787 4%
Bay City 774 23%
Beaumont 776-777 8%
Brownwood 768 -9%
Bryan 778 -5%
Childress 792 -14%

Corpus Christi 783-784 5%
Dallas 751-753 5%
Del Rio 788 -8%
El Paso 798-799 -12%
Fort Worth 761-762 1%
Galveston 775 10%
Giddings 789 -1%
Greenville 754 4%
Houston 770-772 12%
Huntsville 773 11%
Longview 756 -1%
Lubbock 793-794 -7%
Lufkin 759 -6%
McAllen 785 -13%
Midland 797 9%
Palestine 758 -6%
Plano 750 6%
San Angelo 769 -8%
San Antonio 780-782 -1%
Texarkana 755 -9%
Tyler 757 -7%
Victoria 779 0%
Waco 765-767 -6%
Wichita Falls 763 -10%
Woodson 764 -6%

Utah Average -4%
Clearfield 840 -1%
Green River 845 -2%
Ogden 843-844 -10%
Provo 846-847 -9%
Salt Lake City 841 1%

Vermont Average -5%
Albany 058 -7%
Battleboro 053 -4%
Beecher Falls 059 -8%
Bennington 052 -8%
Burlington 054 3%
Montpelier 056 -4%
Rutland 057 -8%
Springfield 051 -7%
White River

Junction 050 -6%

Virginia Average -5%
Abingdon 242 -9%
Alexandria 220-223 11%
Charlottesville 229 -6%
Chesapeake 233 -3%
Culpeper 227 -5%
Farmville 239 -13%
Fredericksburg 224-225 -5%
Galax 243 -12%
Harrisonburg 228 -8%
Lynchburg 245 -9%
Norfolk 235-237 -2%
Petersburg 238 -4%
Radford 241 -10%
Reston 201 8%
Richmond 232 2%
Roanoke 240 -10%
Staunton 244 -9%
Tazewell 246 -6%
Virginia Beach 234 -5%
Williamsburg 230-231 -4%
Winchester 226 -5%

Washington Average 0%
Clarkston 994 -6%
Everett 982 3%
Olympia 985 -1%
Pasco 993 2%
Seattle 980-981 12%
Spokane 990-992 -3%
Tacoma 983-984 3%
Vancouver 986 2%
Wenatchee 988 -5%
Yakima 989 -4%

West Virginia Average -5%
Beckley 258-259 -6%
Bluefield 247-248 0%
Charleston 250-253 6%
Clarksburg 263-264 -4%
Fairmont 266 -11%
Huntington 255-257 -1%

Wisconsin Average 1%
Amery 540 0%
Beloit 535 6%
Clam Lake 545 -6%
Eau Claire 547 -3%
Green Bay 541-543 2%
La Crosse 546 -1%
Ladysmith 548 1%
Madison 537 8%
Milwaukee 530-534 7%
Oshkosh 549 3%
Portage 539 4%
Prairie du Chien 538 -6%
Wausau 544 -2%

Lewisburg 249 -15%
Martinsburg 254 -6%
Morgantown 265 -5%
New Martinsville 262 -10%
Parkersburg 261 2%
Romney 267 -8%
Sugar Grove 268 -8%
Wheeling 260 -1%

Wyoming Average -2%
Casper 826 2%
Cheyenne/Laramie 820 -3%
Gillette 827 2%
Powell 824 -8%
Rawlins 823 2%
Riverton 825 -7%
Rock Springs 829-831 2%
Sheridan 828 -5%
Wheatland 822 -7%

UNITED STATES
TERRITORIES

Guam 18%
Puerto Rico -21%

VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.)

St. Croix 2%
St. John 20%
St. Thomas 5%

CANADIAN AREA
MODIFIERS

These figures assume an
exchange rate of $1.00
Canadian to $0.93 U.S.

Alberta Average 13%
Calgary 14%
Edmonton 14%
Fort McMurray 11%

British Columbia
Average 7%

Fraser Valley 6%
Okanagan 6%
Vancouver 9%

Manitoba Average 0%
North Manitoba 0%
South Manitoba 0%
Selkirk 0%
Winnipeg 0%

New Brunswick
Average -13%

Moncton -13%

Nova Scotia Average -8%
Amherst -8%
Nova Scotia -7%
Sydney -8%

Newfoundland/Labrador
Average -3%

Ontario Average 7%
London 7%
Thunder Bay 6%
Toronto 7%

Quebec Average -1%
Montreal -1%
Quebec City -1%

Saskatchewan
Average 3%

La Ronge 3%
Prince Albert 2%
Saskatoon 5%

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Building Cost Historical Index

Use this table to find the approximate current dollar building cost when the actual cost is known for any year since
1948. Multiply the figure listed below for the building type and year of construction by the known cost. The result is the
estimated 2015 construction cost.
Masonry Concrete Steel Wood-Frame Agricultural Year of
Year Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings Buildings Construction

1948 14.58 15.62 18.33 13.60 12.22 1948
1949 14.66 15.44 18.25 13.77 12.60 1949
1950 13.95 14.74 17.90 13.16 11.71 1950
1951 13.05 13.92 16.25 12.31 10.87 1951
1952 12.58 13.58 15.90 12.10 10.77 1952
1953 12.41 13.13 15.18 11.80 10.54 1953
1954 12.18 12.66 15.18 11.80 10.54 1954
1955 11.68 12.08 14.38 11.17 10.08 1955
1956 11.08 11.55 13.24 10.70 9.66 1956
1957 10.76 11.11 12.71 10.63 9.43 1957
1958 10.46 10.69 12.10 10.60 11.24 1958
1959 10.13 10.35 11.81 10.15 9.01 1959
1960 9.89 10.16 11.62 10.00 8.83 1960
1961 9.69 10.12 11.43 9.81 8.80 1961
1962 9.48 9.82 11.15 9.70 8.67 1962
1963 9.33 9.57 11.02 9.51 7.86 1963
1964 9.06 9.46 10.86 9.19 8.26 1964
1965 8.77 9.21 10.49 8.99 8.04 1965
1966 8.38 8.95 10.09 8.60 7.81 1966
1967 8.18 8.52 9.44 8.18 7.50 1967
1968 7.84 8.05 9.01 7.73 7.17 1968
1969 7.41 7.69 8.70 7.45 6.76 1969
1970 7.11 7.35 8.26 7.08 6.43 1970
1971 6.67 6.73 7.67 6.09 5.99 1971
1972 6.20 6.23 7.17 6.11 5.57 1972
1973 5.66 5.91 6.37 5.64 5.23 1973
1974 5.04 5.42 5.98 5.27 4.86 1974
1975 4.58 4.78 5.38 4.96 4.33 1975
1976 4.29 4.56 5.10 4.77 4.10 1976
1977 4.00 4.27 4.85 4.43 3.86 1977
1978 3.72 4.00 4.46 4.08 3.49 1978
1979 3.42 3.56 4.00 3.74 3.31 1979
1980 3.10 3.23 3.56 3.35 2.99 1980
1981 2.92 3.05 3.26 3.20 2.80 1981
1982 2.83 2.92 3.16 3.09 2.69 1982
1983 2.69 2.83 3.10 2.95 2.54 1983
1984 2.52 2.65 2.96 2.72 2.47 1984
1985 2.45 2.52 2.88 2.64 2.43 1985
1986 2.39 2.50 2.83 2.60 2.38 1986
1987 2.38 2.45 2.80 2.55 2.36 1987
1988 2.33 2.36 2.74 2.53 2.32 1988
1989 2.27 2.32 2.61 2.48 2.24 1989
1990 2.14 2.22 2.48 2.30 2.14 1990
1991 2.32 2.19 2.36 2.18 2.03 1991
1992 2.07 2.16 2.33 2.17 2.01 1992
1993 2.02 2.14 2.24 2.14 1.98 1993
1994 1.97 2.00 2.16 2.06 1.84 1994
1995 1.87 1.83 2.00 1.94 1.73 1995
1996 1.81 1.80 1.95 1.89 1.70 1996
1997 1.74 1.74 1.87 1.85 1.66 1997
1998 1.66 1.66 1.80 1.77 1.64 1998
1999 1.60 1.60 1.75 1.75 1.61 1999
2000 1.56 1.56 1.68 1.69 1.56 2000
2001 1.51 1.51 1.65 1.63 1.52 2001
2002 1.47 1.47 1.61 1.61 1.49 2002
2003 1.45 1.45 1.57 1.60 1.46 2003
2004 1.39 1.39 1.53 1.56 1.42 2004
2005 1.29 1.29 1.37 1.39 1.39 2005
2006 1.21 1.21 1.26 1.25 1.24 2006
2007 1.17 1.17 1.20 1.16 1.15 2007
2008 1.10 1.10 1.14 1.11 1.09 2008
2009 1.09 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.09 2009
2010 1.07 1.07 1.04 1.10 1.08 2010
2011 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.12 1.11 2011
2012 1.07 1.07 0.96 1.08 1.09 2012
2013 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 2013
2014 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 2014
2015 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2015

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Residential Structures Section

10 Residential Structures Section

The figures in this section include all costs
associated with normal construction:

Foundations as required for normal soil conditions.
Excavation for foundations, piers, and other foundation
components given a fairly level construction site. Floor,
wall, and roof structures. Interior floor, wall, and ceiling
finishes. Exterior wall finish and roof cover. Interior
partitions as described in the quality class. Finish
carpentry, doors, windows, trim, etc. Electric wiring and
fixtures. Rough and finish plumbing as described in
applicable building specifications. Built-in appliances as
described in applicable building specifications. All labor

and materials including supervision. All design and
engineering fees, if necessary. Permits and fees. Utility
hook-ups. Contractors’ contingency, overhead and profit.

The square foot costs do not include heating and
cooling equipment or the items listed in the section
“Additional Costs for Residential Structures” which
appear on pages 27 to 31. The costs of the following
should be figured separately and added to the basic
structure cost: porches, basements, balconies, exterior
stairways, built-in equipment beyond that listed in the
quality classifications, garages and carports.

Single Family Residences

Single family residences vary widely in quality and the
quality of construction is the most significant factor
influencing cost. Residences are listed in six quality
classes. Class 1 is the most expensive commonly
encountered and Class 6 is the minimum required under
most building codes. Nearly all homes built from stock
plans or offered to the public by residential tract
developers will fall into Class 3, 4, 5, or 6. For
convenience, these classes are labeled Best Standard,
Good Standard, Average Standard or Minimum Standard.
Class 1 residences are labeled Luxury. Class 2
residences are labeled Semi-Luxury. Class 1 and 2
residences are designed by professional architects,
usually to meet preferences of the first owner.
The shape of the outside perimeter also has a significant
influence on cost. The more complex the shape, the
more expensive the structure per square foot of floor.
The shape classification of multiple story or split-level
homes should be based on the outline formed by the
outer-most exterior walls, including the garage area,
regardless of the story level. Most residences that fall
into Classes 3, 4, 5 or 6 have 4, 6, 8 or 10 corners, as
illustrated below. Small insets that do not require a
change in the roof line can be ignored when evaluating
the outside perimeter.
Class 1 and 2 (Luxury and Semi-Luxury) residences
have more than ten corners and are best evaluated by
counting the “building masses.” A building mass is
a group of contiguous rooms on one or more levels
with access at varying angles from a common point or

hallway. The illustration at the right below represents a
residence with two building masses. Most Class 1 and
Class 2 residences have from one to four building
masses, ignoring any attached garage. For convenience,
cost tables for Class 1 and 2 single family residences
with one, two, three or four building masses have been
appended to cost tables for Class 3, 4, 5 and 6
residences with 4, 6, 8 and 10 building corners.

Residences on larger lots often include a separate
housekeeping unit, either remote from the main structure
(as illustrated below at the right) or joined to the main
structure by a hallway (no common wall). Evaluate any
separate housekeeping unit as a separate residence.
The quality class of separate housekeeping units will
usually be the same as the main residence if designed
and built at the same time as the main residence.

Residences which have features of two or more quality
classes can be placed between two of the six labeled
classes. The tables have five half-classes (1 & 2, 2 & 3,
etc.) which can be applied to residences with some
characteristics of two or more quality classes. If a portion
of a residence differs significantly in quality from other
portions, evaluate the square footage of each portion
separately.

These figures can be applied to nearly all single-family
residences built using conventional methods and readily
available materials, including the relatively small number
of highly decorative, starkly original or exceptionally well-
appointed residences.

4 corners 6 corners 8 corners 10 corners 2 building masses and one separate unit

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Single Family Residences

Residential Structures Section 11

Quality Classification

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6
Luxury Semi-Luxury Best Std. Good Std. Average Std. Minimum Std.

Foundation Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete.
(9% of total cost) concrete. concrete. concrete. or concrete block. or concrete block.
Floor Engineered Engineered Engineered Wood frame or Standard wood Slab on grade.
Structure wood or steel wood or steel wood or steel slab on grade, frame or slab No changes
(12% of total cost) exceeding code or reinforced or reinforced changes in shape on grade with in elevation.
minimums. concrete slab. concrete slab. and elevation. elevation changes.
Wall Framing Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel,
and Exterior very irregular walls, irregular shape, several wall offsets, stucco or wood stucco or wood stucco or hardboard
Finish stone veneer, masonry veneer, wood or masonry siding, some trim siding, few offsets, siding, minimum
(14% of total cost) many architectural better grade doors accents, good grade or veneer, average commodity grade grade doors and
doors and windows. and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. windows.
Roof Complex plan, tile, Multi-level, slate, Multi-pitch, shake, Wood trusses, tile Wood frame, shingle Wood frame,
(10% of total cost) slate or metal, tile or flat surface, tile or flat surface, or good shingles, or built-up cover, composition shingle
highly detailed. decorative details. large closed soffit. closed soffit. open 24″ soffit. cover, open soffit.
Floor Finish Terrazzo, marble, Marble or granite Simulated marble Better sheet vinyl Good sheet vinyl Composition tile
(5% of total cost) granite, or inlaid entry, hardwood, tile entry, good and average carpet, and standard carpet, or minimum grade
hardwood or best good carpet or sheet carpet, hardwood some areas with small area with sheet vinyl.
carpet throughout. vinyl elsewhere. or vinyl elsewhere. masonry or tile. tile or hardwood.
Interior Wall Plaster or gypsum Plaster on gypsum Gypsum wallboard 1/2″ gypsum 1/2″ gypsum 1/2″ gypsum
and Ceiling wallboard with or metal lath or 2 with putty or texture wallboard with wallboard with wallboard, smooth
Finish artistic finish, layers of 5/8″ coat finish, some textured finish, textured finish, or orange peel
(8% of total cost) many offsets and gypsum wallboard, irregular walls, several irregular most walls are finish. Nearly all
wall openings, decorative details, decorative details walls and wall rectangular, doors walls are regular,
decorative details many irregular in living room, entry openings, some. and windows are no decorative
in nearly all rooms. wall openings. and kitchen. decorative details. the only openings. details.
Interior Exposed beams or Great room has Cathedral ceiling 8′ or 9′ ceiling 8′ or 9′ ceiling Drop ceiling in
Detail decorative ceiling, 12′ to 16′ ceiling, at entry, one or throughout, walk- throughout, sliding kitchen, other
(5% of total cost) 12′ to 16′ ceiling most rooms have more floor level in closet in master mirrored closet rooms have 7’6″
in great room, windows on two changes, several bedroom, separate doors, standard to 8′ ceiling,
many sky widows, sides, formal dining wall openings or dining area, some grade molding and minimum grade
built-in shelving area, several framed pass-throughs, decorative wood trim, breakfast bar molding and trim.
and alcoves for art. openings. formal dining area. trim. or nook.
Bath Custom large tile Large tile showers, Tile or fiberglass Good plastic tub and Average plastic tub Minimum plastic
Detail showers, separate at least one bathtub, shower, at least one shower in at least one and shower in at tub and shower in
(4% of total cost) elevated spa in glass block or large built-in bathtub, bathroom, one small least one bathroom. one bathroom.
master bathroom. window by each bath. window in bathroom. window in each bath.
Kitchen Over 30 LF of Over 25 LF of Over 20 LF of good Over 15 LF of stock Over 10 LF of stock Less than 10
Detail deluxe wall and good custom base stock wall and base standard grade wall standard grade wall LF of low-cost
(8% of total cost) base cabinets, and wall cabinets, cabinets, tile or and base cabinets, and base cabinets, wall and base
stone counter top, synthetic stone acrylic counter top, low-cost tile or low-cost acrylic or cabinets, laminated
island work area, counter top, desk desk and breakfast acrylic counter top, laminated plastic plastic counter top,
breakfast bar. and breakfast bar. bar or nook. breakfast nook. counter top. space for table.
Plumbing 4 deluxe fixtures 4 good fixtures 3 good fixtures 3 standard fixtures 3 standard fixtures 3 minimum
(12% of total cost) per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, per bathroom, fixtures per
more bathrooms more bathrooms as many bathrooms less bathrooms less bathrooms bathroom,
than bedrooms. than bedrooms. as bedrooms. than bedrooms. than bedrooms. 2 bathrooms.
Special 10 luxury built-in 8 good built-in 6 good built-in 5 standard built-in 4 standard grade 4 minimum
Features appliances, wet appliances, wet appliances, walk-in appliances, sliding kitchen appliances. grade kitchen.
(3% of total cost) bar, home theater, bar, walk-in pantry, pantry, wet bar, glass or French doors, appliances.
pantry, wine cellar. central vacuum. central vacuum. laundry room.
Electrical Over 100 recessed 80 to 100 recessed Ample recessed Limited recessed 12 lighting fixtures, 10 or less lighting
System or track lights, lighting fixtures. lighting on dimmers, lighting on dimmers, switch-operated fixtures, switch-
(10% of total cost) security system, security system, computer network, multiple TV outlets. duplex plug outlets operated plug outlets
computer network. computer network. multiple TV outlets. in bedrooms. in most rooms.
If Exterior Reinforced split Reinforced block Textured or coated Colored or coated Colored concrete Painted concrete
Walls are face concrete or brick with concrete block concrete block block or painted block or common-
Masonry block or brick with masonry veneer or good quality or good quality common brick. brick.
face brick veneer. or stucco coat. detailed brick. brick.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.

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Single Family Residences

12 Residential Structures Section

4 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5 and 6) or
One Building Mass (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 11.
2. Multiply the structure floor area (excluding the garage) by the appropriate square foot cost below.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a porch, garage, heating and cooling equipment, basement, fireplace, carport,

appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost of these items on pages 27
to 31.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 504.17 483.07 465.64 450.58 438.86 428.39 419.12 410.79 404.55 398.43 392.86 388.12 379.29
1, & 2 438.42 420.06 404.90 391.82 381.63 372.46 364.48 357.19 351.79 346.49 341.55 337.44 329.80
2, Semi-Luxury 306.41 293.59 282.99 273.83 266.71 260.36 254.74 249.68 245.87 242.04 238.74 235.91 230.46
2 & 3 224.91 215.54 207.73 201.05 195.82 191.12 186.98 183.27 180.44 177.71 175.19 173.17 169.19
3, Best Std. 196.25 188.10 181.26 175.46 170.80 166.76 163.17 159.95 157.48 155.11 152.94 151.07 147.63
3 & 4 167.84 160.73 154.96 150.03 146.03 142.56 139.52 136.69 134.65 132.49 130.75 129.15 126.27
4, Good Std. 144.62 138.45 133.53 129.23 125.88 122.88 120.17 117.77 115.94 114.21 112.63 111.16 108.77
4 & 5 130.26 124.78 120.34 116.42 113.36 110.60 108.20 106.14 104.47 102.87 101.47 100.26 97.91
5 Avg. Std. 117.23 112.38 108.31 104.85 102.14 99.67 97.51 95.50 94.05 92.62 91.34 90.25 88.18
5 & 6 101.79 97.53 94.02 91.01 88.60 86.48 84.60 82.87 81.65 80.37 79.40 78.33 76.55
6, Min. Std. 92.54 88.65 85.45 82.70 80.55 78.60 76.92 75.38 74.21 73.06 72.12 71.18 69.54

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 372.68 366.43 361.39 356.89 353.71 350.74 347.53 345.19 340.34 337.26 334.56 332.23 328.90
1, & 2 324.15 318.64 314.24 310.34 307.55 305.00 302.21 300.15 295.96 293.26 290.92 288.89 286.01
2, Semi-Luxury 226.63 222.69 219.65 216.91 214.93 213.11 211.17 209.79 206.84 204.96 203.31 201.91 199.89
2 & 3 166.28 163.49 161.24 159.24 157.76 156.39 155.05 153.98 151.84 150.47 149.25 148.21 146.73
3, Best Std. 145.11 142.63 140.64 138.97 137.71 136.54 135.29 134.35 132.47 132.49 131.42 130.51 129.21
3 & 4 124.07 121.98 120.33 118.85 117.71 116.67 115.72 114.93 113.31 112.30 111.38 110.61 109.50
4, Good Std. 106.90 105.06 103.68 102.34 101.47 100.56 99.69 98.93 97.59 96.71 95.91 95.26 94.31
4 & 5 96.26 94.69 93.25 92.19 91.32 90.61 89.69 89.16 87.95 87.14 86.47 85.85 85.00
5 Avg. Std. 86.69 85.28 84.09 82.95 82.29 81.56 80.82 80.27 79.17 78.02 77.84 77.31 76.55
5 & 6 75.26 74.01 72.96 72.04 71.45 70.74 70.10 69.60 68.72 68.02 67.58 67.05 66.44
6, Min. Std. 68.32 67.23 66.34 65.55 64.93 64.34 63.79 63.31 62.46 61.82 61.42 60.95 60.38

Note: Tract work and highly repetitive jobs may reduce the cost 8 to 12%. Add 4% to the square foot cost of floors above the
second floor level. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. When the exterior walls are masonry, add 9 to
10% for class 2 and 1 structures and 5 to 8% for class 3, 4, 5 and 6 structures. The building area includes all full story (7’6″ to
9′ high) areas within and including the exterior walls of all floor areas of the building, including small inset areas such as
entrances outside the exterior wall but under the main roof. For areas with a ceiling height of less than 80″, see the section on
half-story areas on page 30.

Single Family Residence, Class 4 Single Family Residence, Class 6

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Single Family Residences

Residential Structures Section 13

6 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or
Two Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 513.86 492.34 474.59 459.24 447.32 436.94 428.39 419.94 413.28 407.20 401.63 396.66 388.21
1, & 2 446.83 428.14 412.69 399.34 388.94 379.87 372.46 365.19 359.38 354.08 349.30 344.94 337.56
2, Semi-Luxury 312.36 299.29 288.22 279.53 271.82 265.52 260.36 255.21 251.13 247.43 244.13 241.03 235.97
2 & 3 229.26 219.69 211.56 205.20 199.51 194.86 191.12 187.34 184.33 181.63 179.18 176.88 173.19
3, Best Std. 200.06 191.68 184.63 179.00 174.13 170.07 166.76 163.49 160.92 158.49 156.36 154.45 151.13
3 & 4 171.04 163.95 157.78 153.09 148.93 145.35 142.64 139.76 137.63 135.47 133.71 131.98 129.17
4, Good Std. 147.39 141.24 135.96 131.87 128.28 125.27 122.88 120.43 118.44 116.75 115.27 113.76 111.25
4 & 5 132.83 127.25 122.40 118.78 115.51 112.80 110.60 108.43 106.81 105.14 103.79 102.44 100.31
5 Avg. Std. 119.57 114.61 110.27 107.00 104.07 101.57 99.67 97.79 96.22 94.74 93.45 92.27 90.26
5 & 6 103.78 99.39 95.76 92.88 90.25 88.11 86.48 84.79 83.43 82.20 81.10 80.00 78.38
6, Min. Std. 94.38 90.44 87.04 84.40 82.08 80.17 78.60 77.08 75.80 74.67 73.68 72.76 71.22

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 381.95 376.08 370.85 366.43 362.86 359.36 356.41 353.71 350.00 346.85 344.07 343.00 339.57
1, & 2 332.13 327.09 322.54 318.64 315.57 312.44 309.94 307.55 304.41 301.65 300.62 298.51 295.52
2, Semi-Luxury 232.22 228.52 225.36 222.69 220.48 218.36 216.59 214.93 212.72 210.80 209.10 207.65 205.56
2 & 3 170.40 167.75 165.46 163.49 161.86 160.28 158.99 157.76 156.11 154.94 153.02 151.85 150.79
3, Best Std. 148.66 146.39 144.31 142.63 141.30 139.87 138.74 137.71 136.25 135.03 133.94 133.01 131.67
3 & 4 127.11 125.16 123.39 121.98 120.74 119.55 118.57 117.71 116.42 115.36 114.45 113.66 112.52
4, Good Std. 109.51 107.78 106.30 105.06 104.04 102.99 102.23 101.47 100.38 99.49 98.71 97.99 97.02
4 & 5 98.67 97.07 95.76 94.69 93.65 92.80 92.05 91.32 90.41 89.60 88.88 88.25 87.37
5 Avg. Std. 88.81 87.45 86.32 85.28 84.37 83.57 82.88 82.29 81.42 80.69 80.02 79.49 78.67
5 & 6 77.08 75.80 74.79 74.01 73.21 72.57 71.97 71.45 70.61 69.97 69.41 68.95 68.24
6, Min. Std. 70.07 69.01 68.05 67.23 66.59 65.94 65.40 64.93 64.22 63.63 63.14 62.69 62.06

Single Family Residence, Class 5 Single Family Residence, Class 5

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Single Family Residences

14 Residential Structures Section

8 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or
Three Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 524.31 502.69 484.07 468.83 456.39 446.11 436.94 428.68 421.33 415.70 410.29 405.57 397.13
1, & 2 455.89 437.19 420.91 407.72 396.83 387.92 379.87 372.82 366.40 361.48 356.77 352.66 345.38
2, Semi-Luxury 317.46 304.53 293.73 284.72 277.34 271.09 265.49 260.52 256.06 252.63 249.38 246.43 241.36
2 & 3 233.05 223.53 215.57 208.97 203.59 199.00 194.86 191.23 187.97 185.46 183.00 180.93 177.18
3, Best Std. 203.36 195.07 188.17 182.40 177.64 173.67 170.07 166.85 164.02 161.85 159.71 157.94 154.63
3 & 4 173.84 166.74 160.79 155.86 151.85 148.52 145.35 142.71 140.18 138.38 136.54 135.00 132.18
4, Good Std. 149.79 143.64 138.56 134.39 130.75 127.93 125.27 122.98 120.80 119.28 117.62 116.30 113.87
4 & 5 134.96 129.45 124.79 121.05 117.77 115.18 112.80 110.81 108.82 107.38 105.95 104.73 102.53
5 Avg. Std. 121.53 116.56 112.42 109.01 106.09 103.79 101.57 99.77 97.92 96.72 95.40 94.41 92.36
5 & 6 105.46 101.15 97.54 94.57 92.09 90.10 88.11 86.58 85.05 83.93 82.81 81.85 80.17
6, Min. Std. 95.86 91.97 88.67 85.98 83.67 81.85 80.17 78.73 77.30 76.29 75.31 72.62 71.27

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 390.45 389.61 379.29 375.36 371.85 368.73 365.03 362.96 358.43 355.21 352.35 349.90 346.40
1, & 2 339.52 332.13 329.80 326.39 323.35 320.66 317.40 315.67 311.78 308.95 306.47 304.32 301.29
2, Semi-Luxury 237.24 232.22 230.46 228.10 226.08 224.10 221.79 220.52 217.87 215.94 214.19 212.72 210.55
2 & 3 174.15 170.40 169.19 167.45 165.89 164.51 162.83 161.92 159.95 158.51 157.25 156.15 154.60
3, Best Std. 151.95 148.66 147.63 146.11 144.74 143.54 142.11 141.31 140.76 139.52 138.43 137.47 136.08
3 & 4 129.80 127.11 126.27 124.89 123.77 122.76 121.54 120.80 119.35 118.27 117.34 116.51 115.33
4, Good Std. 111.95 109.51 108.77 107.65 106.65 105.84 104.73 104.05 102.83 101.88 101.08 100.35 99.37
4 & 5 100.87 98.67 97.91 96.94 96.13 95.27 94.21 93.76 92.62 91.26 90.51 89.88 88.98
5 Avg. Std. 90.81 88.81 88.18 87.33 86.47 85.78 84.93 84.47 83.40 82.67 81.99 81.42 80.62
5 & 6 78.86 77.08 76.55 75.75 75.11 74.44 73.67 73.24 72.42 71.78 71.19 70.69 69.99
6, Min. Std. 70.08 68.62 68.14 67.50 66.89 66.33 65.71 65.29 64.57 63.99 63.49 64.11 62.41

Single Family Residence, Class 1 Single Family Residence, Class 2 & 3

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Single Family Residences

Residential Structures Section 15

10 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5 and 6) or
Four Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000

1, Luxury 535.27 512.88 494.35 479.75 465.95 455.15 446.24 438.69 431.34 425.28 419.94 415.05 406.35
1, & 2 465.47 446.10 429.91 417.20 405.17 395.83 388.02 381.50 375.07 370.26 365.21 360.94 353.36
2, Semi-Luxury 322.50 309.72 299.30 290.14 283.18 276.62 271.20 266.61 262.15 258.45 255.21 252.19 246.92
2 & 3 236.76 227.38 219.71 213.04 207.85 203.04 199.03 195.65 192.43 189.63 187.34 185.11 181.27
3, Best Std. 206.59 198.38 191.72 185.86 181.36 177.22 173.71 170.76 167.95 165.54 163.49 161.59 158.16
3 & 4 176.64 169.49 163.95 158.92 155.11 151.45 148.54 145.97 143.52 141.52 139.76 138.16 135.29
4, Good Std. 152.22 146.14 141.33 136.93 133.54 130.53 127.93 125.85 123.67 121.98 120.43 118.98 116.54
4 & 5 137.09 131.62 127.27 123.36 120.37 117.59 115.27 113.33 111.44 109.91 108.43 107.16 105.00
5 Avg. Std. 123.49 118.45 114.65 111.10 108.39 105.94 103.83 102.05 100.38 98.89 97.79 96.56 94.57
5 & 6 107.10 102.85 99.41 96.41 94.05 91.89 90.14 88.56 87.05 85.83 84.79 83.69 82.08
6, Min. Std. 97.43 93.49 90.45 87.66 85.49 83.53 81.88 80.53 79.12 77.98 77.08 76.12 74.58

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 4,000 4,200 4,400 4,600 5,000

1, Luxury 399.80 398.04 388.67 384.00 380.64 377.52 374.44 371.99 367.22 363.91 360.99 358.47 354.83
1, & 2 347.67 342.42 338.02 333.88 331.10 328.28 325.64 323.46 319.42 315.63 313.13 310.97 307.89
2, Semi-Luxury 242.94 239.32 236.19 233.41 231.36 229.41 227.57 226.13 223.19 221.20 219.39 217.87 215.68
2 & 3 178.32 175.62 173.37 171.32 169.79 168.43 167.02 165.93 163.86 157.43 156.19 155.08 153.54
3, Best Std. 155.63 153.33 151.34 149.47 148.16 146.91 145.74 144.81 143.00 141.71 140.57 139.59 138.19
3 & 4 133.01 131.07 129.37 127.83 126.70 125.60 124.66 123.80 122.15 121.07 120.10 119.27 118.06
4, Good Std. 114.65 112.95 111.57 110.07 109.12 108.21 107.38 106.81 105.32 104.38 103.18 102.11 101.09
4 & 5 103.33 101.70 100.40 99.18 98.31 97.51 96.72 96.14 94.82 93.97 93.21 92.58 91.63
5 Avg. Std. 92.92 91.60 90.44 89.33 88.49 87.85 87.10 86.62 85.38 84.60 83.93 83.34 82.52
5 & 6 80.69 79.50 78.43 77.48 76.76 76.21 75.60 75.12 74.14 73.48 72.88 72.37 71.66
6, Min. Std. 73.39 72.23 71.34 70.45 69.83 69.30 68.72 68.29 67.40 66.79 66.26 65.78 65.15

Single Family Residence, Class 2 & 3 Single Family Residence, Class 1

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Manufactured Housing

16 Residential Structures Section 16

Quality Classification

Class 1
Best Quality

Class 2
Good Quality

Class 3
Average Quality

Class 4
Low Quality

Class 5
Lowest Quality

Roof
(11% of total
cost)

Gable accented roof; asphalt
shingles; min roof pitch of
3″ in 12″; front and rear
overhangs

One piece white baked
enamel; asphalt shingles,
gable accents; front and rear
overhangs

One piece white baked
enamel metal; asphalt
shingles on gable accented
roof

One piece fabricated
steel; minimum pitch;
small overhang in front; or
asphalt shingles

Painted lightweight
galvanized steel with
minimum pitch; or
asphalt shingles

Exterior
Walls
(16% of total
cost)

Pre-finished shiplap aluminum
siding or 1/2″ masonite siding;
stone accent; matching
skirting; coordinated exterior
colors; 6″ exterior wall
construction

Pre-finished shiplap alum.
siding or flush-type masonite
with concealed fasteners;
coordinated exterior colors;
exterior walls 4″ thick;
aluminum skirting

Pre-finished aluminum
siding and/or flush-type
masonite panels with
concealed fasteners;
4″ exterior wall thickness;
aluminum skirting

Covering is pre-finished
aluminum siding or flush-
type masonite panels with
some concealed
fasteners; exterior wall
thickness is 3″ to 4″;
skirting is lightweight

Pre-finished aluminum
panels with exposed
hex-heads; panels of
modified corrugated
pattern; exterior wall
thickness 3″ to 4″;
lightweight skirting

Trim and
Sash
(8% of total
cost)

Painted aluminum and/or
imitation stone trim; many
sash; picture/bay windows;
sliding glass doors; recessed
entry; dual glazed vinyl
windows

Painted aluminum and/or
imitation stone (fiberglass)
trim; large amount of good
house-type sash; picture
windows; sliding glass door;
recessed entry

Little or no trim; two-tone
exterior coverings; large,
good, house-type sash;
some picture windows;
optional 6′ sliding glass
door

No trim; exterior
decoration two types of
color; coordinated exterior
covering; tract house
windows; optional 6′
sliding glass door

No ornamental trim;
minimum window area
and sash

Interior
(5% of total
cost)

Expensive hardwood
paneling/gypsum board;
careful workmanship
throughout; coffered/
vaulted/beamed ceiling;
plank-type acoustical tile;
8′ min ceiling; mirrored walls;
built-in buffet cabinet; custom
drapes; raised panel doors;
skylights; window sills

Pre-finished and grooved
hardwood paneling or
gypsum board; careful
workmanship throughout;
vaulted/beamed, ceilings;
8′ min ceiling height; floor to
ceiling drapes over sheer
underlays in living room and
dining room; raised panel
doors; window sills

Pre-finished and grooved
hardwood, plywood
paneling, or gypsum board;
8′ acoustical plank-type
ceilings; decorator
coordinated drapes in all
rooms except kitchen and
baths; optional vaulted
ceilings with decorative
beams

Pre-finished fire rated
plywood paneling or
partial gypsum board;
acoustical tile ceiling,
8′ height; drapes in living
room, dining room, and
bedrooms

Walls are pre-finished
3/16″ fire rated
paneling; hardboard or
firtex ceiling cover with
exposed fasteners
and/or stapled holding
strips; 7′ 6″ ceiling
heights

Floors
(7% of total
cost)

Hardwood or ceramic tile
entry, deluxe carpet; vinyl tile
in utility and guest bath. Good
tile or hardwood flooring in
kitchen.

Carpet with 1/2″ thick pads
in all rooms except guest
bath and utility room; vinyl
tile in kitchen, utility, and
guest bath

Carpet with 1/2″ thick pad
in all rooms except baths
and kitchen; vinyl in kitchen
and baths

Carpet with 1/2″ thick pad
in living, dining, and
bedrooms; vinyl in other
areas

Vinyl; lightweight carpet
in living room and
master bedroom only

Heating
(6% of total
cost)

110,000 BTU upflow air-
condition-ready forced air
furnace with exterior access
door; ducting to all rooms;
optional air conditioning and
fireplace; dual-zone heating in
larger units

80,000 to 110,000 BTU
upflow or downflow air-
condition-ready furnace with
exterior access door; ducting
to all rooms; optional air
conditioning and fireplace

80,000 BTU upflow or
downflow forced air
furnace; ducting to all
rooms; optional air
conditioning and fireplace

Forced air furnace;
ducting in all rooms;
perimeter floor return
system; optional air
conditioning

Forced air furnace;
minimum ducting and
outlets

Kitchen
(21% of total
cost)

18± linear foot plastic
laminate or ceramic tile
counter top; quality wood
cabinets and hardware;
dropped luminous ceiling;
island work space; walk-in
pantry; good quality vinyl tile

Circular or elaborate kitchen;
walk-in pantry; 16± linear
feet of plastic laminate
counter; quality wood
cabinets; dropped luminous
ceiling; island work space;
microwave oven

14± linear foot plastic
laminate counter; good
quality cabinets; built-in
range and oven with a hood
and fan; optional
dishwasher and pantry

12± linear foot plastic
laminate counter; average
quality plywood cabinets
with raised panel doors;
built-in range and oven,
hood and fan; optional
dishwasher

10± linear foot plastic
laminate counter;
minimum quality
plywood cabinets; built-
in or drop-in range and
oven

Baths and
Plumbing
(13% of total
cost)

2 to 2¾ baths; 8 fixtures;
master bath with two basins,
sunken tub, fiberglass shower
with glass door; quality
medicine cabinets; 4± feet of
mirror over 8± feet of cultured
marble or ceramic tile lavatory
top; decorative faucets; 40-
gal. water heater; separate
commode closet

2 baths; vent fans; master
bath will have two basins,
sunken tub, and stall shower;
quality medicine cabinets
and fixtures; cultured marble
vanities; good cabinets;
fiberglass shower in guest
bath; 30- to 40-gallon water
heater; separate commode
closet

2 baths; vent fans;
fiberglass shower with
glass or plastic door;
fiberglass or enameled
steel tub; 6 to 8 linear foot
cultured marble vanity, twin
basin master bath; good
cabinets; 30- to 40-gallon
water heater

1¾ baths; fiberglass
shower with glass or
plastic door; fiberglass
or enameled steel tub;
4 to 5 linear foot cultured
marble vanity single
basin; average quality
cabinets; 30-gallon hot
water heater

One bath; fiberglass tub
or shower with curtain;
small 4′ plastic marble
vanity; minimum quality
cabinets

Bedrooms
(4% of total
cost)

9 to 14 linear foot floor-to-
ceiling sliding mirrored
wardrobe doors, or large walk-
in closets

9 to 14 linear foot floor-to-
ceiling mirrored sliding
wardrobe doors in master
bedroom, or walk-in closets

10± linear foot wardrobe;
floor-to-ceiling mirrored
sliding doors in master
bedroom

8± linear foot wardrobe;
pre-finished and grooved
plywood doors; mirrored
wardrobe door in master
bedroom

Five to six linear foot
wardrobe; plain plywood
sliding doors

Exterior
features
(9% of total
cost)

Set on concrete and/or metal
piers; axle and wheel
assembly for each towable
section

Set on concrete and/or
metal piers; axle and wheel
assembly for each towable
section

Set on concrete and/or
metal piers; axle and
wheel assembly for each
towable section

Set on concrete and/or
metal piers; axle and
wheel assembly for each
towable section
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Manufactured Housing

Residential Structures Section 17

A manufactured home is a structure in one or more
sections that is transportable, with or without a permanent
foundation. No recreational vehicle or method of
transporting is included in these costs. They can be from
8 to 36 feet wide and up to 80 feet long. Manufactured
homes assembled from two or three attached sections
are referred to as double wide or triple wide.

Tip-out, expando, or tag-a-long units have one or
more telescoping or attached rooms to the side. All
sections are to be included in the total square footage
computations.

Area modification factors should not be used when
computing the cost of manufactured housing.

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 16.
2. Multiply the structure floor area (excluding the garage) by the appropriate square foot cost below.
3. Add, when appropriate, the cost of foundation, air conditioning, built-ins, porch, skirting, tie-downs, carport, screen walls
and roof snow load capability. See the following page.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500

1, Best 108.51 107.16 105.84 104.47 103.14 101.79 100.48 99.10 97.79 96.46 95.10
1, & 2 102.15 100.80 99.49 98.20 96.78 95.43 94.05 92.78 91.41 90.11 88.74
2, Good 95.74 94.42 93.10 89.20 87.95 86.68 85.30 84.04 82.68 81.43 80.14
2 & 3 89.45 88.05 86.76 81.50 80.20 78.94 77.66 76.40 75.11 73.80 72.59
3, Average 83.39 82.10 80.64 75.75 72.36 71.07 69.89 68.65 67.39 66.18 64.91
3 & 4 78.03 76.66 75.38 70.69 67.39 66.18 64.91 63.66 62.41 61.18 59.91
4, Low Average 72.65 71.35 69.99 65.55 62.41 61.18 59.91 58.67 57.46 56.20 54.96
4 & 5 68.30 66.91 65.62 61.34 58.37 57.14 55.92 54.66 53.43 52.21 50.89
5 Lowest 64.26 62.97 61.62 55.92 54.66 53.43 52.21 50.89 49.66 48.45 47.22

Manufactured Housing, Class 4 Manufactured Housing, Class 5

Manufactured Housing, Class 1 Manufactured Housing, Class 3

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Manufactured Housing

18 Residential Structures Section 18

Additional Costs

Permanent Foundation
Single Story
Less than 1,000 square feet of floor area $8,260 to $14,430
Over 1,000 square feet to 1,800 square feet of floor area $14,430 to $26,320
Over 1,800 square feet to 2,500 square feet of floor area $26,320 to $43,200
For two-story units, use the footprint of the first floor and select a figure higher in the range of costs. For difficult site
conditions, such as a high water table, heavy clay soil, over 3′ foundation depth or a sloping site, use a figure in the higher
range of costs.

Air Conditioning
Central air for use by existing furnace and ducts
2 ton, up to 1,100 S.F. $3,565
2-1/2 to 3 ton, over 1,100 to 1,600 S.F. $4,090
4 to 5 ton, over 1,600 to 2,500 S.F. $4,490 to $5,290.
Cost per unit
Thru-wall small unit 1/2 H.P., 6,000 Btu $1,240
Thru-wall large unit 1 H.P., 12,000 Btu $1,645
Evaporative cooler, roof mounted $1,170 to $1,850
Wiring for air conditioning $225 to $474

Built-Ins
Dishwasher (included in classes 1, 2 & 3) $940 – $1,250
Garbage disposal (included in all base cost, deduct if
missing) $190 – $1,160
Built-in microwave oven $525 – $730
Trash compactor $855 – $1,080
Wet bar (walk-up – if not included in class) $750 – $900
Wet bar (walk behind – if not included in class)
$2,465 – $2,690
Separate shower in master bath $855 – $1,080
One-half bath: toilet, sink, and pullman $1,695 – $1,800
Bathroom sink or laundry sink $360
Fireplace (permanent – includes flue) $3,300 – $4,485
Fireplace (free standing – includes flue) $1,505 – $2,695
Built-in buffet-hutch (included in classes 1 and 2)
$1,140 – $1,435
Whirlpool tub in master bath $1,380 – $1,685

Porches and Decks (no roofs included)
Wood deck at home floor level with handrail, skirting,
steps and outdoor carpet, per square foot of porch
or deck $18.38 to $25.76

Skirting, cost per linear foot of skirt
Lightweight aluminum panels $8.38
Lap aluminum siding $14.95
Painted hardboard panels $19.19
Flagstone-type aluminum panels $14.95
Concrete composite panels $25.05 – $31.31
Vinyl panels $16.67
Brick or stone $26.26

Storage Buildings, per S.F. of floor

Aluminum exterior $20.01
Enameled steel exterior $16.06
Hardboard panel exterior $35.05

Tie Downs

Cork screw anchor and straps, per each $105 – $155

Steps And Rails, per flight to 36″ high

Fiberglass steps $265 – $415
Handrail $60 – $90

Upgraded Components

Upgraded Carpets $1,575 – $3,920
Upgraded Drapes $1,620 – $3,365

Carport, Porch, or Deck Roof, per S.F.
covered

Aluminum supports and roof cover, free standing
$15.05 – $20.00
Aluminum supports and roof cover, attached to house
$9.70 – $14.05
Wood supports and enameled steel cover, free standing
$17.65 – $22.00

Screen Wall Enclosure, per linear foot of 8′
wall

Wood frame with screen walls and door $69.00
Wood or aluminum frame with screen and glass walls,
with door $120.00

Roof Snowload Capability
Cost per square foot of roof
30 pound design load $.76 – $1.21
40 pound design load $1.20 – $2.18
50 pound design load $2.18 – $2.89
60 pound design load $2.88 – $3.85
80 pound design load $3.65 – $5.80
100 pound design load $4.81 – $6.65
175 pound design load $6.10 – $7.35

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

Residential Structures Section 19

Quality Classification
Class 3 Class 4
Class 1 Class 2 High Average Low Average Class 5
Best Quality Good Quality Quality Quality Minimum Quality

Foundation Conventional crawl space Conventional crawl space Conventional crawl space, Concrete slab or crawl Concrete slab.
(9% of total cost) built on a sloping site. built on a sloping site. footing over 40″ deep. space with 30″ footing.

Floor Engineered wood, steel Engineered wood or steel Standard wood frame with Standard wood frame Simple slab on grade
Structure or concrete exceeding built to meet code irregular shape and changes or concrete slab, with no changes in
(12% of total cost) code requirements, complex requirements, changes in in elevation. simple floor plan. elevation.
plan, changes in elevation. shape and elevation.

Walls and Complex wood or light Wood or light steel Wood or light steel frame, Wood frame, some Wood frame, little
Exterior steel frame, stone or frame, masonry veneer decorative trim at entrance, ornamental details or no ornamentation,
Finish masonry veneer, at entrance, good wood plywood or stucco siding, at entrance, plywood inexpensive stucco or
(12% of total cost) 10′ average wall height. or stucco siding. simple framing plan. or hardboard siding. hardboard siding.

Roof & Cover Complex roof plan, Good insulation, 4-ply built-up roof, 4-ply built-up roof, 4-ply built-up roof
(10% of total cost) good insulation, tile good shake, tile or some portions heavy some portions shake or minimum grade
or good shake cover. 5-ply built-up roof. shake or tile. or composition shingles. composition single.

Windows and Many large, good quality Large, good-quality Good quality vinyl or Standard residential- Minimum grade
Doors vinyl or metal windows, vinyl or metal windows, metal windows, grade doors and doors and windows.
(5% of total cost) architectural grade doors. commercial grade doors. residential grade doors. windows.

Interior Gypsum board with heavy Textured gypsum board, Textured 1/2″ gypsum Textured 1/2″ gypsum 1/2″ gypsum board
Finish texture or plaster, some some paneled walls, board, several irregular walls board, some wall-cover with smooth finish,
(8% of total cost) paneled walls, cathedral decorative or stain grade or wall openings, few or hardboard paneling, no ornamental details,
ceiling at entry, built-in trim at entrance or living ornamental details, most walls are rectangular, doors and windows
cases, several wall offsets room, several irregular standard grade trim and standard grade trim and are the only wall
and level changes. walls and wall openings. wall molding. wall molding. openings.

Floor Finish Masonry or stone tile entry, Masonry or tile at entry, Hardwood or tile at entry, Average quality carpet Minimum carpet
(5% of total cost) good hardwood or deluxe hardwood or good carpet standard carpet in most or hardwood in most or resilient tile
carpet in most rooms, good in most rooms, sheet rooms, sheet vinyl in rooms, sheet vinyl or throughout.
sheet vinyl in other rooms. vinyl in other rooms. kitchen and bath. resilient tile in kitchen.

Interior Breakfast bar or nook, Formal dining room Separate dining Dining area is in the Dining area is part
Features formal dining room, one ample closet space area, good closet kitchen, small closet of kitchen, minimum
(5% of total cost) walk-in closet, linen closet linen closet and utility space, linen closet in each bedroom, closet space,
utility room or pantry. closet, extra shelving. and small utility closet. linen closet. minimum shelving.

Bath Detail Good tile shower, 8′ Tile shower, 6′ vanity Better vanity cabinet Good vanity cabinet, Vanity and one small
(4% of total cost) simulated marble top. cabinet and top. and good wall cabinet. good medicine cabinet. medicine cabinet.

Kitchen 16 LF of better hardwood 12 LF of good hardwood 8 LF of standard hardwood 6 LF of low-cost 5 LF of low-cost.
(8% of total cost) wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall and base cabinets, wall & base cabinets,
synthetic stone top, 6 very tile or acrylic top, 5 acrylic top, 4 standard laminate counter top, 4 laminate counter top,
good built-in appliances. good built-in appliances. grade built-in appliances. standard grade appliances. low cost appliances.

Electrical Ample recessed lighting, Recessed lighting in most Recessed lighting in kitchen Low-cost recessed lighting Fluorescent ceiling
(10% of total cost) task lighting in kitchen and rooms, good task lighting in and living room, switched in kitchen and living room, fixture in kitchen,
bath, security & computer, kitchen & bath, security & receptacles in bedrooms, switched receptacles in switched receptacles
networks, good chandelier. computer networks. wired for cable TV. other rooms, cable TV. in other rooms.

Plumbing Four excellent fixtures per Three good fixtures per Three standard fixtures per Three low cost fixtures Three minimum-grade
(12% of total cost) bathroom, copper bathroom, copper supply bathroom, copper supply per bathroom, plastic fixtures per bathroom,
supply and drain lines. and drain lines. and plastic drain lines. supply and drain lines. plastic supply & drains.

Plumbing costs assume 1 bathroom per unit. See page 30 for the costs of additional bathrooms.

For Masonry Good textured block, tile Colored or detailed block Colored concrete block, Colored concrete Concrete block or
Walls or decorative brick. tile or decorative brick. tile or decorative brick. block or brick. common brick.

When masonry walls are used in lieu of wood or light steel frame walls, add 9% to the appropriate S.F. cost.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification. Exceptional class multi-family residences have architectural details and features
uncommon in conventional apartment buildings. Many exceptional class multi-family structures are designed for sale or conversion to condominium ownership.

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

20 Residential Structures Section

2 or 3 Units

building area on all floors by the number of units in the building. The building area should include office and
utility rooms, interior hallways and interior stairways.

3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of balconies, porches, garages, heating and cooling equipment, basements,

fireplaces, carports, appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost
of these items on pages 27 to 31.

5. Costs assume one bathroom per unit. Add the cost of additional bathrooms from page 30.

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1,000

Exceptional 221.89 212.17 206.88 202.16 198.57 195.29 192.84 190.02 188.38 185.13 182.10
1, Best 194.94 186.35 181.71 177.59 174.35 171.59 169.43 166.94 165.51 162.55 160.01
1, & 2 170.96 163.43 159.33 155.68 152.96 150.49 148.54 146.49 145.12 142.49 140.25
2, Good 149.59 143.07 139.44 136.33 133.86 131.63 130.01 128.16 126.99 124.72 122.77
2 & 3 136.81 130.76 127.59 124.60 122.39 120.49 118.90 117.28 116.16 114.16 112.30
3, Hi Average 125.20 119.61 116.66 114.10 112.03 110.22 108.70 107.34 106.27 104.36 102.73
3 & 4 115.59 110.48 107.78 105.28 103.38 101.82 100.48 99.03 98.16 96.38 94.87
4, Lo Average 106.78 102.03 99.47 97.20 95.50 93.96 92.67 91.43 90.65 89.05 87.56
4 & 5 98.61 94.21 91.87 89.79 88.12 86.73 85.66 84.43 83.70 82.15 80.82
5 Minimum 91.00 87.05 84.85 82.92 81.49 80.13 79.02 78.05 77.30 75.80 74.66

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,200

Exceptional 180.02 178.09 176.50 175.18 174.06 173.03 172.15 171.37 170.63 170.07 169.53
1, Best 158.01 156.54 154.98 153.88 152.84 151.96 151.17 150.63 149.90 149.36 148.95
1, & 2 138.60 137.19 135.94 134.90 134.12 133.28 132.56 132.04 131.45 131.09 130.65
2, Good 121.26 120.07 119.00 118.09 117.37 116.62 116.05 115.51 115.04 114.60 114.32
2 & 3 111.02 109.72 108.93 108.01 107.35 106.68 106.14 105.77 105.23 104.91 104.57
3, Hi Average 101.52 100.48 99.59 98.76 98.17 97.58 97.07 96.78 96.22 95.94 95.65
3 & 4 93.76 92.70 91.91 91.19 90.68 90.08 89.73 89.22 88.86 88.64 88.33
4, Lo Average 86.58 85.66 84.86 84.22 83.72 83.21 82.77 82.40 82.05 81.81 81.55
4 & 5 79.93 79.12 78.46 77.74 77.32 76.83 76.43 76.15 75.76 75.55 75.31
5 Minimum 73.73 73.06 72.38 71.85 71.35 70.90 70.59 70.22 70.01 69.69 69.54

Note: Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 2% to the costs for second floor areas and 4% for third
floor areas. Add 9% when the exterior walls are masonry.

Multi-Family, Class 2 Multi-Family, Class 4

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

Residential Structures Section 21 Residential Structures Section 2

4 to 9 Units

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 19.
2. Multiply the average unit area by the appropriate square foot cost below. The average unit area is found by dividing the
building area on all floors by the number of units in the building. The building area should include office and
utility rooms, interior hallways and interior stairways.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of balconies, porches, garages, heating and cooling equipment, basements,
fireplaces, carports, appliances and plumbing fixtures beyond that listed in the quality classification. See the cost
of these items on pages 27 to 31.
5. Costs assume one bathroom per unit. Add the cost of additional bathrooms from page 30.

6995

Average Unit Area in Square Feet
Quality Class 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1,000

Exceptional 208.96 199.72 194.63 190.52 186.89 183.96 181.75 179.22 177.56 174.14 171.37
1, Best 183.65 175.48 170.98 167.36 164.28 161.62 159.63 157.44 156.00 153.08 150.63
1, & 2 160.95 153.87 149.89 146.80 143.97 141.71 140.03 138.02 136.81 134.24 132.04
2, Good 140.87 134.68 131.23 128.41 126.04 124.03 122.50 120.71 119.61 117.41 115.51
2 & 3 128.89 123.16 120.07 117.47 115.28 113.42 112.07 110.46 109.51 107.37 105.77
3, Hi Average 117.92 112.74 109.77 107.42 105.33 103.74 102.54 100.97 100.20 98.18 96.78
3 & 4 108.93 104.04 101.32 99.16 97.38 95.86 94.61 93.21 92.53 90.75 89.22
4, Lo Average 100.52 96.02 93.70 91.61 89.90 88.45 87.31 86.17 85.42 83.77 82.40
4 & 5 92.80 88.71 86.52 84.59 82.98 81.67 80.74 79.57 78.85 77.36 76.15
5 Minimum 85.71 81.89 79.78 78.13 76.65 75.43 74.58 73.49 72.74 71.39 70.22

Average Unit Area in Square Feet
Quality Class 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,200

Exceptional 169.67 167.83 166.33 164.98 163.96 162.84 162.04 161.39 160.58 160.02 159.63
1, Best 148.98 147.48 146.10 144.92 144.07 143.08 142.38 141.75 141.04 140.60 140.25
1, & 2 130.67 129.26 128.16 127.09 126.24 125.43 124.86 124.29 123.70 123.32 122.95
2, Good 114.36 113.16 112.15 111.18 110.48 109.81 109.29 108.76 108.26 107.88 107.59
2 & 3 104.64 103.49 102.54 101.68 101.15 100.52 99.96 99.53 98.98 98.65 98.42
3, Hi Average 95.73 94.61 93.78 93.13 92.53 91.87 91.42 91.00 90.57 90.34 90.01
3 & 4 88.40 87.31 86.60 85.87 85.37 84.85 84.43 84.07 83.70 83.30 83.16
4, Lo Average 81.57 80.74 79.98 79.37 78.85 78.34 78.05 77.65 77.30 76.96 76.76
4 & 5 75.33 74.58 73.88 73.23 72.74 72.35 71.96 71.68 71.30 71.05 70.85
5 Minimum 69.58 68.87 68.22 67.61 67.22 66.83 66.48 66.23 65.89 65.56 65.47

Note: Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 2% to the costs for second floor areas and 4% for third
floor areas. Add 9% when the exterior walls are masonry.

Multi-Family, Class 3 Multi-Family, Class 3 & 4

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Multi-Family Residences – Apartments

22 Residential Structures Section 22

10 or More Units

Average Unit in Square Feet

Quality Class 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1,000

Exceptional 197.56 187.83 183.96 180.12 176.50 173.75 171.37 169.25 167.54 164.60 162.20
1, Best 173.46 165.03 161.62 158.18 154.98 152.67 150.63 148.69 147.12 144.67 142.47
1, & 2 152.09 144.72 141.71 138.74 135.94 133.92 132.04 130.32 129.08 126.73 124.97
2, Good 133.10 126.61 124.03 121.35 119.00 117.20 115.51 114.11 112.97 110.97 109.30
2 & 3 121.76 115.85 113.42 111.12 108.93 107.22 105.77 104.39 103.37 101.52 99.99
3, Hi Average 111.38 105.90 103.74 101.60 99.59 98.01 96.78 95.50 94.50 92.80 91.48
3 & 4 102.88 97.93 95.86 93.78 91.91 90.46 89.22 88.12 87.26 85.75 84.50
4, Lo Average 94.95 90.38 88.45 86.60 84.86 83.67 82.40 81.49 80.69 79.13 78.08
4 & 5 87.75 83.50 81.67 79.98 78.46 77.19 76.15 75.13 74.40 73.07 72.02
5 Minimum 80.98 77.06 75.43 73.88 72.38 71.28 70.22 69.43 68.67 67.48 66.50

Average Unit in Square Feet

Quality Class 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,200

Exceptional 160.17 158.57 157.03 155.85 154.62 153.79 153.16 152.41 151.75 151.07 150.75
1, Best 140.69 139.28 138.01 136.81 135.80 135.06 134.56 133.87 133.39 132.70 132.38
1, & 2 123.36 122.11 120.99 120.07 119.10 118.52 117.99 117.43 116.89 116.44 116.03
2, Good 107.98 106.91 105.90 105.00 104.13 103.69 103.19 102.74 102.21 101.82 101.60
2 & 3 98.86 97.82 96.89 96.11 95.20 94.82 94.47 93.96 93.58 93.16 92.93
3, Hi Average 90.38 89.50 88.64 87.88 87.17 86.73 86.43 85.97 85.62 85.26 84.92
3 & 4 83.50 82.59 81.88 81.16 80.44 80.13 79.69 79.43 79.02 78.68 78.53
4, Lo Average 77.06 76.29 75.55 74.93 74.38 73.99 73.61 73.25 73.05 72.66 72.52
4 & 5 71.17 70.54 69.81 69.24 68.65 68.25 67.99 67.72 67.39 67.14 66.92
5 Minimum 65.70 65.02 64.46 63.95 63.38 63.02 62.83 62.50 62.26 61.96 61.83

Note: Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 2% to the costs for second floor areas and 4% for third
floor areas. Add 9% when the exterior walls are masonry.

Multi-Family, Class 3 & 4 Multi-Family, Class 4

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Motels

Residential Structures Section 23

Quality Classification

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Foundation (4%) Concrete slab Concrete slab Concrete slab Concrete slab
Foundation costs will vary greatly with substrate, type, and location.

Framing* Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame.
(20% of total Cost)

Windows Large, good quality. Average number and Average number and Small, few, low
(2% of total Cost) quality. quality. cost.

Roofing Heavy, shake, Medium shake or good Wood or good Inexpensive
(8% of total Cost) tile or slate. built-up with large composition shingles
rock, inexpensive tile. shingle, light shake, or built-up with
or good built-up rock.
with rock.

Overhang 36″ open or 30″ open 16″ open. 12″ to 16″ open.
(2% of total Cost) 24″ closed. or small closed.

Exterior Walls Good wood or Good wood siding or Hardboard, wood Low cost stucco,
(10% of total Cost) stucco, masonry stucco with some shingle, plywood hardboard or
veneer on front. veneer. or stucco. plywood.

Flooring Good carpet, good Good carpet, sheet vinyl Average carpet, average Minimum tile or
(5% of total Cost) sheet vinyl. or inlaid resilient. resilient tile in bath. low cost carpet.

Interior Finish Gypsum board with Gypsum board, taped, Gypsum board taped Minimum gyp-
(23% of total cost including heavy texture or textured and painted and textured or sum board.
finish carpentry, wiring, plaster with putty coat. or plaster. Some wall- colored interior
lighting, etc.) Some good sheet wall paper. stucco.
cover or paneling.

Baths Vinyl or foil wall cover, Ceramic tile over tub Plastic coated hard- Plastic coated
(15% of total Cost) ceramic tile over tub with glass shower board with low cost hardboard with
with glass shower door, door. glass shower door. one small mirror.
ample mirrors.

Plumbing** Copper tube, good Galvanized pipe, Average cost fixtures. Plastic pipe,
(9% of total Cost) quality fixtures. good fixtures. low cost fixtures.

Special 8′ sliding glass door, 8′ sliding glass door, Small tile or plastic None.
Features 8′ to 10′ tile pullman good tile or plastic pullman in bath.
(2% of total Cost) in bath. top pullman in bath.

*For Masonry Walls 8″ textured face 8″ colored or detailed 8″ colored block 8″ painted
reinforced masonry. reinforced masonry. or common brick, concrete block.
reinforced.
Note: When masonry walls are used in lieu of wood frame walls add 8% to the appropriate cost

**Add the Following Amounts per Kitchen Unit
Kitchens Good sink, 8′ to 10′ Average sink and 6′ Low cost sink, and 5′ Minimum sink,
of good cabinets and to 8′ average cabinet of cabinets and cabinets and
drainboard – $3,700 and drainboard – $3,430 drainboard – $2,460 drainboard – $2,090
Add the cost of built-in kitchen fixtures from the table of costs for built-in appliances on page 29.

Note: Use the percent of total cost to help identify the correct quality classification.
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Motels

Residential Structures Section 24

9 Units or Less

area on all floors (including office and manager’s area, utility rooms, interior hallways and stairway area) by the number of
units in the building.

3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of heating and cooling equipment, porches, balconies, exterior stairs, garages, kitchens,

built-in kitchen appliances and fireplaces. See pages 23 and 27 to 31.

VACANCY

M
O
T
E
L

Average Unit Area in Square Feet

Quality Class 200 225 250 275 300 330 375 425 500 600 720

1, Best 165.64 159.71 155.05 151.11 147.87 144.67 140.79 137.38 133.58 129.93 126.94
1 & 2 152.16 146.69 142.41 138.82 135.88 132.87 129.25 126.17 122.67 119.38 116.57
2, Good 141.20 136.17 132.17 128.86 126.08 123.35 120.01 117.16 113.85 110.76 108.20
2 & 3 129.74 125.15 121.42 118.39 115.86 113.32 110.23 107.63 104.63 101.82 99.47
3, Average 120.40 116.10 112.72 109.86 107.49 105.12 102.32 99.82 97.07 94.44 92.28
3 & 4 110.50 106.57 103.44 100.83 98.69 96.50 93.88 91.68 89.07 86.71 84.66
4, Low 101.02 97.36 94.50 92.17 90.16 88.22 85.82 83.78 81.40 79.20 77.37

Note: Add 2% for work above the first floor. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 8% when the
exterior walls are masonry. Deduct 2% for area built on a concrete slab.

Motel, Class 3 & 4

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Motels

Residential Structures Section 25

10 to 24 Units

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 23.
2. Multiply the average unit area by the appropriate cost below. The average unit area is found by dividing the total building
area on all floors (including office and manager’s area, utility rooms, interior hallways and stairway area) by the number of
units in the building.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of heating and cooling equipment, porches, balconies, exterior stairs, garages, kitchens,
built-in kitchen appliances and fireplaces. See pages 23 and 27 to 31.

Average Unit Area in Square Feet
Quality Class 200 225 250 275 300 330 375 425 500 600 720

1, Best 160.49 154.79 150.18 146.47 143.33 140.17 136.39 133.14 129.44 125.89 123.00
1 & 2 147.42 142.19 137.97 134.53 131.62 128.75 125.28 122.28 118.90 115.69 112.95
2, Good 136.93 132.08 128.10 124.91 122.25 119.56 116.33 113.52 110.36 107.40 104.94
2 & 3 125.75 121.26 117.60 114.70 112.25 109.72 106.84 104.25 101.34 98.60 96.32
3, Average 116.64 112.48 109.19 106.40 104.12 101.87 99.09 96.73 94.04 91.54 89.35
3 & 4 107.06 103.24 100.21 97.69 95.61 93.49 90.94 88.82 86.27 84.00 82.05
4, Low 97.87 94.33 91.59 89.30 87.38 85.50 83.13 81.16 78.92 76.79 75.01

Note: Add 2% for work above the first floor. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 8% when the
exterior walls are masonry. Deduct 2% for area built on a concrete slab.

Motel, Class 3

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Motels

Residential Structures Section 26

Over 24 Units

Average Unit Area in Square Feet
Quality Class 200 225 250 275 300 330 375 425 500 600 720

1, Best 155.21 149.66 145.22 141.63 138.53 135.52 131.87 128.74 125.18 121.78 119.00
1 & 2 142.64 137.54 133.42 130.13 127.30 124.50 121.13 118.27 114.98 111.88 109.30
2, Good 132.39 127.73 123.91 120.83 118.25 115.63 112.57 109.80 106.81 103.89 101.52
2 & 3 121.62 117.24 113.80 110.97 108.52 106.17 103.32 100.79 98.04 95.42 93.22
3, Average 112.80 108.76 105.56 102.92 100.68 98.54 95.87 93.59 90.97 88.50 86.49
3 & 4 103.53 99.80 96.83 94.37 92.39 90.42 87.91 85.83 83.47 81.22 79.34
4, Low 94.65 91.24 88.52 86.29 84.45 82.64 80.37 78.46 76.30 74.28 72.51

Note: Add 2% for work above the first floor. Work outside metropolitan areas may cost 2 to 6% less. Add 8% when the
exterior walls are masonry. Deduct 2% for area built on a concrete slab.

Motel, Class 2 & 3

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

Residential Structures Section 27

Covered Porches
Estimate covered porches by applying a fraction of the main building square foot cost.

Suggested
Porch Description Fraction
Ground level floor (usually concrete) without banister, with no ceiling and shed-type roof. 1/4 to 1/3
High (house floor level) floor (concrete or wood) with light banister, no ceiling and shed-type roof. 1/3 to 1/2
Same as above with a finished ceiling and roof like the residence (most typical). 1/2
Same as above but partially enclosed with screen or glass. 1/2 to 2/3
Enclosed lean-to (sleeping porch, etc.) with lighter foundation, wall structure,
interior finish or roof than that of house to which it is attached. 1/2 to 3/4
Roofed, enclosed, recessed porch, under the same roof as the main building and with
the same type and quality foundation (includes shape costs). 3/4
Roofed, enclosed, recessed porch with the same type roof and foundation as the
main building (includes shape costs). 4/4
Good arbor or pergola with floor. 1/4 to 1/3

Uncovered Concrete Decks, cost per square foot, 4″ thick concrete
On Grade 1′ High 2′ High 3′ High 4′ High
Less than 100 square feet $7.99 $11.17 $17.96 $25.21 $36.75
100 to 200 square feet 7.27 10.08 14.56 20.48 27.30
200 to 400 square feet 6.18 7.99 12.47 18.16 23.52
Over 400 square feet 5.99 7.27 10.97 14.56 18.96

Uncovered Wood Decks, cost per square foot, 2″ thick deck with typical steps and railing

1′ to 4′ above ground. $23.07 to $26.89
Over 4′ to 6′ above ground 26.80 to 34.54
Over 6′ to 9′ above ground 27.96 to 36.55
Over 9′ to 12′ above ground 28.98 to 38.24
Over 12′ above ground 30.50 to 39.82

Porch Roofs, cost per square foot based on wood shingle cover
Type Cost per Square Foot Alternate Roof Covers Cost Difference per S.F.

Unceiled shed roof $9.13 to $10.87 Corrugated aluminum Deduct $.78 to $.98
Ceiled shed roof 15.43 to 17.41 Roll asphalt Deduct .79 to .88
Unceiled gable roof 10.29 to 13.35 Fiberglass shingles Deduct .98 to 1.09
Ceiled gable roof 17.40 to 19.29 Wood shakes Add 1.13 to 1.75
(See the figures at the right for other roof cover) Clay or concrete tile Add 6.40 to 7.80
Slate Add 6.92 to 9.54

Residential Basements, cost per square foot, including stairs
Size Unfinished Basements Finished Basements

Less than 400 square feet $25 to $42 $38 to $57
400 – 1,000 square feet 19 to 28 32 to 38
Over 1,000 square feet 16 to 19 29 to 34

These basement costs assume normal soil conditions, 7′ headroom, no plumbing, partitions or windows. Unfinished
basements have reinforced concrete floors and concrete or concrete block walls, a floor drain, stairway with a landing and
handrail, open ceilings and one switched fluorescent fixture. Finished residential basements have a tile ceiling, resilient
flooring, wood panel walls and lighting similar to Class 5 residences. Residential basements are common in climates where
footing depths must be 4′ or more to prevent frost heaving. These figures assume the residence is in an area where minimum
footing depth is 4 feet. Where climate doesn’t influence footing depth, unfinished basement costs will be 20% to 50% higher.

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

Residential Structures Section 28

Balconies, Standard Wood Frame, cost per square foot, including foundations

Supported by 4″ x 4″ posts, 2″ wood floor, open on underside, open 2″ x 4″ railing. $20.50 to $22.30
Supported by 4″ x 4″ posts, 2″ wood floor, sealed on underside, solid stucco or wood siding on railing. 24.14 to 26.01
Supported by steel columns, lightweight concrete floor, sealed on underside, solid stucco or
open grillwork railing 36.60 to 40.60

Heating and Cooling Equipment

Prices include wiring and minimum duct work.
Use the higher figures for smaller residences and in more extreme climates where greater heating and cooling density is
required. Cost per square foot of heated or cooled area.

Type Perimeter Outlets Overhead Outlets

Central Ducted Air Systems, Single Family
Forced air heating $5.36 to $5.93 $4.19 to $4.79
Forced air heating and cooling 6.03 to 7.18 5.76 to 6.08
Gravity heat 3.86 to 5.20 —
Central Ducted Air Systems, Multi-Family
Forced air heating 4.61 to 5.08 4.41 to 5.07
Forced air heating and cooling 6.38 to 7.03 5.62 to 6.01
Motel Units
Forced air heating 5.52 to 5.84 5.31 to 5.76
Forced air heating and cooling 6.51 to 7.03 6.32 to 6.51
Circulating hot and cold water system 12.80 to 15.06 12.80 to 15.06

Floor and Wall Furnaces, cost each
Single floor unit $1,240 to $1,415
Dual floor unit 2,205 to 2,370
Single wall unit 795 to 1,020
Dual wall unit 1,475 to 1,705
Thermostat control, add 115 to 138

Electric Baseboard Units, cost each
500 watts, 3′ $296 to $332
1,000 watts, 4′ 411 to 456
1,500 watts, 6′ 442 to 489
2,000 watts, 8′ 536 to 614
2,500 watts, 10′ 624 to 681
3,000 watts, 12′ 750 to 815

Outside Stairways, cost per square foot of horizontal step area

Standard wood frame, wood steps with open risers, open on underside, open 2″ x 4″ railing, unpainted. $18.28 to $20.11
Standard wood frame, solid wood risers, sealed on underside, solid stucco or wood siding on railing. 22.01 to 26.00
Precast concrete steps with open risers, steel frame, pipe rail with ornamental grillwork. 47.98 to 53.50

Window Type or Thru-the-Wall
Refrigerated Room Coolers, cost each

1/3 ton $453 to $532
1/2 535 to 665
3/4 540 to 849
1 670 to 825
1-1/2 866 to 920
2 927 to 1130
Ton = 12,000 Btu

Electric Wall Heaters, cost each

1,000 watts $410 to $480
2,000 477 to 515
3,000 500 to 647
3,500 580 to 714
4,000 682 to 750
4,500 750 to 955
Add for circulating fan 79 to 115
Add for thermostat 52 to 115

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

Residential Structures Section 29

Appliances. Add these costs only when the appliance is not included in the quality class. Includes
installation.

Built-in single wall oven with broiler $561 to $677 Range hood and fan $168 to $397
Built-in double wall oven with microwave 1,015 to 1,910 Franklin or Buck stove
Drop-in range with single oven, economy 449 to 677 Steel, cast iron front 1,345 to 2,030
Drop-in range with single oven, excellent 1,122 to 2,100 Steel, cast iron front, glass door 2,030 to 2,810
Range top, four elements All cast iron, glass panel door 3,490 to 5,060
Residential grade, without grill 505 to 950 Under counter 5 CF refrigerator 622 to 902
Residential grade, with grill 835 to 1,410 Central vacuum, 3 to 5 outlets 1,915 to 3,830
Commercial grade 3,830 to 6,410 Dishwasher 306 to 1,130
Hot water circulator 622 to 673 Garbage disposal 204 to 476
Instant hot water dispenser 510 to 720 Trash compactor 385 to 645

Fireplaces, cost each, including reinforced foundation, flue, cap, gas line and valve.

Freestanding wood burning heat circulating prefab metal fireplace 1 Story 2 Story
with interior flue, base and cap $2,005 $2,450
36″ wide zero-clearance enclosed metal firebox, brick face, wood mantel 2,340 2,660
48″ wide zero-clearance enclosed metal firebox, raised hearth, brick face and mantel 3,230 3,668
Masonry, 5′ base, common brick or block on interior face, wood or brick mantle 5,125 5,780
Masonry, 6′ base, used brick or natural stone on interior face, raised hearth 10,240 12,110
Masonry, 8′ base, used brick or natural stone on interior face, raised hearth 12,240 17,770

Residential Garages and Carports

Attached and detached garages for single family dwellings usually fall in the same quality class as the main structure. Costs
are per SF of floor based on wood or light steel construction. Add 8% if exterior walls are masonry. Attached garages assume
a 20 foot wall in common with the main structure. Multiply the square foot cost below by the correct location factor on page 7
or 8 to find the square foot cost for any garage. Costs include interior finish and one light fixture per 300 SF of floor. Deduct
10% to 18% if interior walls are unfinished. Where dwelling and exterior garage walls are in vertical alignment with second
floor walls, the garage cost per SF will be about 2/3 of the main dwelling cost per SF if finished and 1/2 of the main dwelling
cost if unfinished. Carports with wood or steel posts, an asphalt floor, and built-up or metal roof will cost $15.80 to $18.30 per SF.

Square Foot Area for Attached Garages for Single Family Dwellings

Quality Class 220 260 280 320 360 400 440 480 540 600 720

1, Luxury 157.23 149.81 146.65 142.04 136.69 133.31 129.33 126.13 123.01 119.94 116.96
1, & 2 136.39 130.08 127.47 123.27 119.04 116.06 112.62 109.83 107.08 104.44 101.83
2, Semi-Luxury 102.53 97.91 96.05 92.92 89.73 87.51 84.90 82.80 80.75 78.72 76.76
2 & 3 82.94 77.69 76.49 75.48 72.88 71.08 68.95 67.27 65.58 63.95 62.37
3, Best Std. 68.94 65.93 64.73 62.67 60.72 59.21 57.46 56.00 54.63 53.26 51.94
3 & 4 58.38 56.01 55.06 53.39 51.46 50.17 48.68 47.47 46.29 45.14 44.03
4, Good Std. 51.68 49.31 48.43 47.11 45.55 44.41 43.08 42.01 40.97 39.96 38.97
4 & 5 48.77 46.14 45.09 43.61 42.05 41.01 39.77 38.79 37.82 36.90 35.97
5 Avg. Std. 45.67 42.87 41.86 40.27 38.54 37.58 36.46 35.55 34.68 33.80 32.97
5 & 6 40.53 38.27 37.41 35.96 34.63 33.75 32.74 31.94 31.15 30.38 29.61
6, Min. Std. 35.51 33.66 33.13 32.04 30.82 30.04 29.16 28.42 27.70 27.04 26.35

Square Foot Area for Detached Garages for Single Family Dwellings

Quality Class 220 260 280 320 360 400 440 480 540 600 720

1, Luxury 178.84 165.28 160.36 151.80 148.80 144.08 137.81 134.39 131.05 127.80 124.62
1, & 2 154.08 142.87 138.30 131.22 128.85 124.75 119.33 116.37 113.47 110.64 107.90
2, Semi-Luxury 114.85 106.79 103.63 98.35 96.65 93.59 89.49 87.29 85.12 83.00 80.93
2 & 3 92.85 86.24 83.62 79.42 78.13 75.63 72.35 70.56 68.79 67.09 65.43
3, Best Std. 76.87 71.38 69.29 65.89 64.82 62.77 60.02 58.54 57.07 55.67 54.29
3 & 4 68.09 63.38 61.47 58.52 57.65 55.79 53.38 52.06 50.76 49.49 48.27
4, Good Std. 60.05 55.93 54.25 51.58 50.82 49.19 47.06 45.88 44.75 43.64 42.55
4 & 5 55.48 51.64 50.14 47.23 47.04 45.55 43.55 42.47 41.42 40.38 39.38
5 Avg. Std. 52.43 48.00 46.29 43.64 42.69 41.35 39.54 38.55 37.59 36.65 35.75
5 & 6 44.11 40.74 39.34 37.31 36.68 35.52 33.96 33.12 32.30 31.50 30.70
6, Min. Std. 38.43 35.50 34.49 32.72 32.28 31.25 29.89 29.16 28.41 27.69 27.04

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Additional Costs for Residential Structures

30 Residential Structures Section

Costs for Multi-Family Residential Bathrooms beyond 1 per unit

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Best Quality Good Quality High Average Low Average Minimum Quality
2 or 3 units
2 fixture bath $8,277 $6,661 $5,634 $4,694 $3,973
3 fixture bath 12,015 10,243 8,497 7,314 5,855
4 fixture bath 15,287 13,214 11,797 9,665 8,275
4 to 9 units
2 fixture bath 7,639 6,333 5,293 4,423 3,647
3 fixture bath 10,810 9,389 8,082 6,718 5,406
4 fixture bath 14,959 12,666 10,471 8,725 7,208
10 or more units
2 fixture bath 6,879 5,855 4,970 3,865 3,188
3 fixture bath 10,593 8,846 7,427 5,853 4,806
4 fixture bath 13,977 12,015 9,609 7,863 6,006

Half Story Areas

Lesser
Same Finish Quality
Type As Main Area Finish
Use a fraction of the basic square foot cost for A 1/3 1/4
figuring the reduced headroom floor area. B 1/2 1/3
Type “C” includes typical dormers. C 2/3 1/2

Elevators, per shaft cost for car and machinery

Hydraulic based on two stops
Capacity 100 F.P.M. 200 F.P.M.

2,000 lbs. $44,370 $73,460
2,500 lbs. 47,678 76,625
3,000 lbs. 49,520 82,110
3,500 lbs. — 86,700
4,000 lbs. — 89,800
Add for deluxe car, $9,125. Add for each additional
stop over 2: $3,500, baked enamel doors $9,410,
stainless steel doors $9,910.

Electric based on six stops
Capacity 200 F.P.M. 250 F.P.M. 300 F.P.M.

2,000 lbs. $111,412 $117,900 $122,460
2,500 lbs. 117,980 124,550 132,135
3,000 lbs. 126,670 138,435 142,940
3,500 lbs. 138,535 147,225 154,862
4,000 lbs. 147,345 159,245 166,805
Add $8,630 for a deluxe car. Add $9,370 for each
additional stop over 6.

Type A Type B Type C

7′-6″

20′

7′-6″
8′-0″

20′
20′

12
20′

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Multi-Family and Motel Garages Cost Per Square Foot

Residential Structures Section 31

Garages built at ground level under a multi-family or
motel unit. The costs below include the following
components:
1. A reinforced concrete floor in all areas.
2. Exterior walls, on one long side and two short sides,

made up of a wood frame and good quality stucco,
wood siding or masonry veneer.

3. A finished ceiling in all areas.
4. The difference between the cost of a standard wood

frame floor structure at second floor level and one at
ground level.

5. An inexpensive light fixture for each 600 square feet.

Where no exterior walls enclose the two short sides, use
2/3 of the square foot cost.

Garages built as separate structures for multi-family or
motel units. The costs below include the following
components:
1. Foundations.
2. A reinforced concrete floor in all areas.
3. Exterior walls on one long side and two short sides,

made up of a wood frame and good quality stucco,
wood siding or masonry veneer.

4. Steel support columns supporting the roof.

5. A wood frame roof structure with composition tar and
gravel, wood shingle or light shake cover. No interior
ceiling finish.

6. An inexpensive light fixture for each 600 square feet.

Use the location modifiers on page 7 or 8 to adjust garage
costs to any area.

Basement Garages

Costs listed below are per square foot of floor, including the
horizontal area of stairs and the approach ramp. These
costs assume a single-level garage is built on one level,
approximately 5 feet below grade, directly below 2 to 4 story
multi-family structure with perimeter walls in vertical
alignment. These costs include:

1. Excavation to 5′ below ground line.

2. Full wall enclosure.

3. Typical storage facilities.

4. Minimum lighting.

5. Concrete floors.

Use the location modifiers on page 7 or 8 to adjust garage
costs to the site.

Ground Level Garages

Area 400 800 1,200 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 20,000
Cost 35.75 31.99 28.58 25.10 23.50 22.54 21.91 20.88

Separate Structure Garages

Area 400 800 1,200 2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 20,000
Cost 41.00 36.50 33.50 31.79 30.43 29.20 27.96 27.35

Basement Garages

Type 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 60,000

Reinforced concrete exterior walls and columns.
Flat concrete roof slab. 54.59 49.93 47.78 47.10 45.71 45.17 44.53 44.04

Concrete block exterior walls, reinforced
concrete columns. Flat concrete roof slab. 54.26 50.85 47.53 46.23 45.25 44.64 44.00 42.54

Concrete block exterior walls, steel posts
and beams, light concrete/metal roof
fireproofed with spray plaster. 50.90 46.55 44.32 38.40 36.72 41.19 39.90 39.28

Concrete block exterior walls, wood posts
and beams, light concrete/metal roof
fireproofed with spray plaster. 45.42 43.15 40.47 37.69 36.50 36.00 35.43 34.78

Add for each security gate 3.41 2.48 2.09 1.55 1.31 1.06 .92 .81

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Cabins and Recreational Dwellings

32 Residential Structures Section

Cabins and recreational dwellings are designed for single
family occupancy, usually on an intermittent basis. These
structures are characterized by a more rustic interior and
exterior finish and often have construction details which
would not meet building requirements in metropolitan areas.
Classify these structures into either “conventional type” or
“A-frame” construction. Conventional dwellings have an
exterior wall which is approximately 8 feet high on all sides.
A-frame cabins have a sloping roof which reduces the
horizontal area 8 feet above the first floor to between 50%
and 75% of the first floor area.

Conventional recreational dwellings vary widely in quality
and the quality of construction is the most significant factor
influencing cost. Conventional recreational dwellings are
listed in six quality classes. Class 1 is the most expensive
commonly encountered and Class 6 is the minimum
commonly encountered. Nearly all conventional recreational
dwellings built from stock plans will fall into Class 3, 4, 5, or
6. For convenience, these classes are labeled Best
Standard, Good Standard, Average Standard or Minimum
Standard. Class 1 residences are labeled Luxury. Class 2
residences are labeled Semi-Luxury. Class 1 and 2
residences are designed by professional architects, usually
to meet preferences of the first owner.

The shape of the outside perimeter also has a significant
influence on cost: The more complex the shape, the more
expensive the structure per square foot of floor. The shape
classification of multiple story or split-level conventional
recreational dwellings should be based on the outline
formed by the outermost exterior walls, including the garage
area, regardless of the story level. Most conventional
recreational dwellings fall into Classes 3, 4, 5 or 6 and have
4, 6, 8 or 10 corners, as illustrated above. Small insets that
do not require a change in the roof line can be ignored
when evaluating the outside perimeter.

Class 1 and 2 (Luxury and Semi-Luxury) conventional
recreational dwellings have more than ten corners and are
best evaluated by counting the “building masses.” A
building mass is a group of contiguous rooms on one or
more levels with access at varying angles from a common
point or hallway. The illustration at the right above
represents a conventional recreational dwelling with two
building masses. Most Class 1 and Class 2 conventional
recreational dwellings have from one to four building
masses, ignoring any attached garage. For convenience,
cost tables for Class 1 and 2 conventional recreational
dwellings with one, two, three or four building masses have
been appended to cost tables for Class 3, 4, 5 and 6
conventional recreational dwellings with 4, 6, 8 and 10
building corners.

Conventional recreational dwellings which have features
of two or more quality classes can be placed between two
of the six labeled classes. The tables have five half-classes
(1 & 2, 2 & 3, etc.) which can be applied to conventional
recreational dwellings with some characteristics of two or
more quality classes. If a portion of a conventional
recreational dwelling differs significantly in quality from other
portions, evaluate the square footage of each portion
separately.

Cabins and recreational dwellings are often built under
difficult working conditions and in remote sites. Individual
judgments may be necessary in evaluating the cost impact
of the dwelling location. The costs assume construction by
skilled professional craftsmen. Where non-professional
labor or second quality materials are used, use the next
lower quality classification that might otherwise apply. If the
structure is assembled from prefabricated components, use
costs for the next lower half class.

Example of Dwelling Shapes

4 corners 6 corners 8 corners 10 corners 2 building masses

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

Residential Structures Section 33

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6
Luxury Semi-Luxury Best Std. Good Std. Average Std Minimum Std.

Foundation Reinforced concrete Reinforced Reinforced Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete Wood piers, light
(8% of total cost) on a sloping site. concrete. concrete. or concrete block. or concrete block. concrete or block

Floor Engineered Engineered Engineered wood Good wood Standard wood 2″ floor joists 16″
Structure wood or steel, wood or steel or steel trusses, frame with OSB frame with OSB on center with
(11% of total cost) complex plan, trusses, good T&G sub-floor, sub-floor, some sub-floor, some OSB sub-floor.
elevation changes. floor insulation. good floor insulation. floor insulation. floor insulation.

Wall Framing Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel, Wood or steel,
and Exterior irregular walls, irregular walls, several wall offsets, shingle or plywood wood panel siding panel hardboard
Finish wood siding, stone, wood siding, stone plywood or lap siding, siding, some trim few or no offsets, siding, minimum
(14% of total cost) veneer, top-grade veneer, better doors good grade doors or veneer, average commodity grade grade doors and
doors and windows. and windows. and windows. doors and windows. doors and windows. windows.

Roof Complex, heavy Multi-pitch, shake, Dual-pitch, wood Wood trusses, wood Simple wood frame, Wood frame,
(13% of total cost) tile or metal cover, metal or good tile single or tile surface, or good fiberglass fiberglass shingle fiberglass shingle
highly detailed. surface. gable over entrances. shingle surface. surface. or roll roofing cover.

Floor Finish Stone or masonry Masonry entry, good Hardwood or tile entry, Good sheet vinyl Sheet vinyl or tile Composition tile
(5% of total cost) tile entry, inlaid hardwood or carpet carpet in most rooms or average carpet on most areas, or minimum grade
hardwood or best in most rooms, good sheet vinyl in kitchen in most areas, some carpet in living sheet vinyl.
carpet throughout. sheet vinyl elsewhere. and bathrooms. hardwood or tile. room.

Interior Wall Top-grade paneling Good wood paneling Good hardwood 1/2″ gypsum 1/2″ gypsum Taped 1/2″ gypsum
and Ceiling or wallboard with or textured wallboard veneer paneling or wallboard with wallboard with wallboard, smooth
Finish artistic finish, with decorative gypsum wallboard, smooth finish, smooth finish, or orange peel
(8% of total cost) many offsets and details in most some irregular walls, plywood paneling. most walls are finish. Nearly all
wall openings, rooms, many wall decorative details at entry and living rectangular, doors walls are regular,
decorative details openings, several in living room, entry room, some and windows are few decorative
in most rooms. racks and shelves. and kitchen. decorative details. the only openings. details.

Interior Exposed beams or Great room has Cathedral ceiling Cathedral ceiling Rustic exposed Minimum grade
Features decorative details, exposed beams, at entry or in master in master bedroom, ceiling beams, molding and trim.
(5% of total cost) 10′ to 14′ ceiling most rooms have bedroom, floor level sliding glass door, sliding closet doors,
in great room, windows on two changes, several decorative wood standard grade
many sky widows, sides, several framed wall openings or molding and trim. wood molding and
built-in shelving. openings. pass-throughs. trim.

Bath At least 1 large tile Tile in 1 bathroom, Tile or fiberglass Good plastic tub and Average plastic tub Minimum plastic
Detail shower, good glass block or good shower, at least one shower in at least one and shower in at tub and shower in
(4% of total cost) tile counter in window in each bath, built-in bathtub, good bathroom, one small least one bathroom, one bathroom,
master bath. good vanity cabinet. window in each bath. window in each bath. small vanity cabinet. minimum vanity.

Kitchen Over 20 LF of 15 to 18 LF of good 12 to 15 LF of good 10 to 12 LF of stock 8 to 10 LF of stock Less than 8
Detail good custom wall custom base stock wall and base standard grade wall standard grade wall LF of low-cost
(8% of total cost) & base cabinets, and wall cabinets, cabinets, tile or and base cabinets, and base cabinets, wall and base
synthetic stone acrylic or tile counter acrylic counter top, low-cost tile or laminated plastic cabinets, resin-
counter top, top, desk with book desk and shelf or laminated plastic or resin coated coated hardboard
island work area. shelf above. breakfast nook. counter top. hardboard top. counter top.

Plumbing 12 good fixtures, 10 good fixtures 9 average grade 8 standard grade, 7 low-cost fixtures, 6 or less minimum
(11% of total cost) 2 water heaters, large water heater, fixtures, copper fixtures, plastic supply plastic supply and grade fixtures,
laundry room, laundry area, supply and plastic and plastic drain plastic drain lines. plastic supply
copper piping. copper piping. drain piping. lines. and drain lines.

Special 10 deluxe built-in 7 good built-in 6 good built-in 5 average built-in 4 standard grade 3 minimum grade
Features appliances, good appliances, good appliances, good appliances, adequate kitchen appliances, built-in kitchen
(4% of total cost) weather-protection wall and ceiling wall and ceiling, wall and ceiling adequate ceiling appliances,
throughout. insulation. insulation. insulation. insulation. limited insulation.

Electrical Ample area and Good area and Good light fixtures Good light fixture Simple light fixture 5 or less lighting
System track lighting in track lighting, in kitchen and baths, in most rooms, in most rooms, fixtures, switch-
(9% of total cost) most rooms, task simple light fixture limited fixtures in switch-operated switch-operated operated plug outlet
light in bathrooms. in each bathroom. other rooms. outlet in bedrooms. plugs in bedrooms. in most rooms.

Conventional Recreational Dwellings

34 Residential Structures Section

4 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or
One Building Mass (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 33.
2. Multiply the structure floor area by the appropriate cost listed below.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a deck or porch, paving, fireplace, garage or carport, heating, extra plumbing fixtures,

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas.
See page 42.

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 395.54 378.36 364.02 352.59 342.82 334.36 326.70
1, & 2 — — — 366.51 347.63 332.59 319.95 310.07 301.24 294.05 287.27
2, Semi-Luxury — — 343.94 321.69 305.05 291.89 280.79 272.26 264.41 258.07 252.02
2 & 3 — 322.99 298.49 279.14 264.58 253.28 243.53 236.40 229.29 223.80 218.72
3, Best Std. 269.80 241.98 223.67 209.17 198.34 189.75 182.50 177.08 171.89 167.72 163.90
3 & 4 246.56 221.18 204.32 191.09 181.24 173.45 166.91 161.82 157.15 153.32 149.80
4, Good Std. 225.32 202.08 186.84 174.59 165.70 158.48 152.40 147.89 143.55 140.20 136.92
4 & 5 207.93 186.43 172.34 161.20 152.84 146.29 140.61 136.45 132.35 129.26 126.37
5 Avg. Std. 191.75 171.97 159.05 148.63 141.00 134.89 129.71 125.80 122.22 119.31 116.48
5 & 6 176.89 158.73 146.63 137.11 130.02 124.44 119.69 116.03 112.80 109.93 107.49
6, Min. Std. 163.13 146.37 135.36 126.45 119.94 114.88 110.41 107.14 103.90 101.52 99.19

Square Foot Area

Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 321.87 315.36 310.74 306.23 298.30 291.15 286.30 280.94 277.69 273.11 270.48
1, & 2 281.57 277.32 273.13 269.21 262.30 255.81 251.73 246.92 244.22 240.21 237.71
2, Semi-Luxury 248.12 243.48 239.72 236.32 230.28 224.40 221.01 216.75 214.29 210.84 208.62
2 & 3 215.11 211.26 207.98 204.99 199.70 194.72 191.66 188.07 185.96 182.88 180.99
3, Best Std. 161.31 158.23 155.83 153.64 149.70 145.95 143.75 140.85 139.34 137.08 135.56
3 & 4 147.30 144.64 142.44 140.41 136.69 133.34 131.26 128.84 127.32 125.21 123.99
4, Good Std. 134.63 132.23 130.10 128.34 124.98 121.77 119.98 117.74 116.45 114.45 113.27
4 & 5 124.19 121.89 120.21 118.31 115.20 112.38 110.73 108.55 107.43 105.57 —
5 Avg. Std. 114.59 112.52 110.77 109.21 106.31 103.77 102.19 100.17 99.07 — —
5 & 6 105.73 103.81 102.21 100.82 98.16 95.69 94.23 92.35 — — —
6, Min. Std. 97.57 95.74 94.29 92.92 90.49 88.27 86.83 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 5 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 3

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

Residential Structures Section 35

6 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or
Two Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 Only)

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 404.23 386.82 372.16 361.40 351.36 343.07 335.61
1, & 2 — — — 374.09 355.47 340.16 327.20 317.80 308.81 301.49 294.86
2, Semi-Luxury — — 350.54 328.37 312.01 298.57 287.19 278.92 271.02 264.51 258.78
2 & 3 — 329.51 304.20 284.98 270.67 259.04 249.23 241.98 235.07 229.45 224.40
3, Best Std. 274.58 246.98 227.97 213.64 202.82 194.10 186.70 181.28 176.27 171.94 168.24
3 & 4 250.91 225.66 208.42 195.20 185.38 177.50 170.72 165.60 160.97 157.16 153.81
4, Good Std. 229.25 206.27 190.52 178.45 169.39 162.13 155.94 151.30 147.19 143.72 140.54
4 & 5 211.52 190.25 175.63 164.64 156.39 149.56 143.87 139.74 135.77 132.55 129.63
5 Avg. Std. 195.07 175.51 162.02 151.78 144.14 137.96 132.69 128.89 125.21 122.30 119.58
5 & 6 179.98 161.93 149.47 140.05 133.05 127.26 122.44 118.96 115.55 112.81 110.38
6, Min. Std. 166.11 149.34 137.90 129.20 122.76 117.48 113.00 109.68 106.58 104.03 101.77

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 329.99 323.76 319.38 314.82 306.86 299.19 295.01 289.30 286.17 281.77 278.87
1, & 2 290.08 284.71 280.71 276.70 269.63 263.03 259.28 254.43 251.70 247.63 244.93
2, Semi-Luxury 254.53 250.02 246.37 242.92 236.72 230.90 227.47 223.36 221.01 217.42 214.92
2 & 3 220.72 217.06 213.80 210.70 205.25 200.30 197.30 193.77 191.66 188.57 186.35
3, Best Std. 165.49 162.63 160.28 158.00 153.82 150.08 147.85 145.13 143.75 141.33 139.63
3 & 4 151.21 148.55 146.44 144.33 140.61 137.11 135.17 132.70 131.26 129.20 127.62
4, Good Std. 138.20 135.83 133.91 131.97 128.52 125.32 123.51 121.29 119.98 118.14 116.64
4 & 5 127.55 125.21 123.51 121.73 118.57 115.59 113.92 111.95 110.73 108.97 —
5 Avg. Std. 117.58 115.55 113.92 112.34 109.28 106.72 105.11 103.22 102.19 — —
5 & 6 108.54 106.58 105.11 103.62 100.89 98.37 96.95 95.26 — — —
6, Min. Std. 100.12 98.29 96.95 95.59 93.02 90.80 89.48 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 4 & 5 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 3

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

36 Residential Structures Section

8 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or
Three Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)
Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 33.
2. Multiply the structure floor area by the appropriate cost listed below.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a deck or porch, paving, fireplace, garage or carport, heating, extra plumbing fixtures,
supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas.
See page 42.

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 414.89 395.25 380.85 370.05 359.56 351.76 343.60
1, & 2 — — — 381.93 364.62 347.63 334.76 325.36 316.09 309.27 302.09
2, Semi-Luxury — — 357.77 335.13 319.95 305.15 293.87 285.49 277.56 271.31 265.14
2 & 3 — 335.62 310.35 290.77 277.58 264.77 254.97 247.56 240.85 235.39 230.01
3, Best Std. 278.95 251.47 232.60 217.82 208.02 198.42 191.09 185.52 180.51 176.46 172.38
3 & 4 255.06 229.96 212.54 199.20 190.18 181.33 174.71 169.61 164.93 161.20 157.56
4, Good Std. 233.04 210.11 194.33 181.96 173.81 165.74 159.60 154.96 150.72 147.24 144.00
4 & 5 215.03 193.79 179.25 167.83 160.31 152.90 147.20 143.02 139.16 135.91 132.96
5 Avg. Std. 198.37 178.77 165.32 154.90 147.87 141.02 135.83 131.97 128.34 125.32 122.50
5 & 6 182.95 164.93 152.46 142.85 136.45 130.10 125.23 121.73 118.31 115.60 113.11
6, Min. Std. 168.74 152.14 140.66 131.79 125.80 119.98 115.59 112.34 109.21 106.72 104.38

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 338.42 331.93 327.01 323.71 314.82 308.07 302.82 298.02 294.54 289.69 286.98
1, & 2 297.43 291.89 287.57 284.57 276.74 270.59 266.27 261.97 260.83 254.64 252.32
2, Semi-Luxury 261.13 256.28 252.52 249.64 243.00 237.39 233.69 229.78 227.11 223.51 221.48
2 & 3 226.43 222.25 219.03 216.56 210.80 205.83 202.79 199.37 196.99 193.90 192.16
3, Best Std. 169.68 166.50 164.13 162.29 158.04 154.26 151.98 149.43 147.68 145.39 143.97
3 & 4 155.16 152.23 149.90 148.33 144.53 141.02 138.86 136.62 134.93 132.95 131.65
4, Good Std. 141.78 139.16 137.10 135.56 132.05 128.89 126.92 124.85 123.36 121.30 120.32
4 & 5 130.70 128.34 126.42 125.23 121.76 118.96 117.12 115.14 113.80 111.99 —
5 Avg. Std. 120.60 118.33 116.64 115.36 112.35 109.68 108.12 106.21 104.97 — —
5 & 6 111.21 109.23 107.72 106.31 103.65 101.11 99.67 97.96 — — —
6, Min. Std. 102.58 100.82 99.24 98.16 95.68 93.39 91.96 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 3 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 1 & 2

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Conventional Recreational Dwellings

Residential Structures Section 37

10 Corners (Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6) or
Four Building Masses (Classes 1 and 2 only)

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Luxury — — — — 422.04 404.23 389.96 378.73 368.94 360.59 352.59
1, & 2 — — — 389.76 370.90 355.47 342.79 332.95 324.24 317.51 309.95
2, Semi-Luxury — — 364.62 342.11 325.43 312.01 300.82 292.21 284.49 277.99 272.03
2 & 3 — 341.57 316.43 296.83 282.30 270.67 260.88 253.45 246.68 241.05 236.00
3, Best Std. 283.90 256.04 237.10 222.44 211.60 202.82 195.48 190.00 184.91 180.62 176.77
3 & 4 259.46 234.09 216.74 203.32 193.32 185.38 178.77 173.54 169.00 165.28 161.55
4, Good Std. 237.02 213.85 198.06 185.85 176.69 169.39 163.43 158.73 154.47 150.94 147.72
4 & 5 218.76 197.34 182.73 171.40 163.01 156.39 150.63 146.37 142.46 139.26 136.26
5 Avg. Std. 201.87 181.96 168.56 158.10 150.44 144.14 138.97 135.11 131.43 128.40 125.69
5 & 6 186.18 167.83 155.46 145.84 138.75 133.05 128.30 124.53 121.27 118.55 115.91
6, Min. Std. 171.79 154.90 143.47 134.56 127.98 122.76 118.25 115.01 111.95 109.28 107.02

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Luxury 347.70 341.35 335.95 331.41 324.00 316.06 311.88 306.08 302.88 296.39 294.77
1, & 2 305.74 300.06 295.38 291.43 284.84 277.74 274.20 269.24 266.43 260.64 259.37
2, Semi-Luxury 268.13 263.36 259.28 255.89 249.91 243.73 240.55 236.35 233.77 228.78 227.78
2 & 3 232.55 228.36 224.91 222.10 216.71 211.48 208.69 205.23 202.89 198.47 197.68
3, Best Std. 174.37 171.21 168.56 166.44 162.40 158.58 156.39 153.72 152.14 148.65 148.05
3 & 4 159.31 156.51 153.94 152.19 148.52 144.96 142.89 140.41 138.97 135.97 135.37
4, Good Std. 145.55 143.02 140.74 139.01 135.66 132.35 130.63 128.36 127.02 124.19 123.76
4 & 5 134.33 131.97 129.87 128.30 125.21 122.12 120.43 118.55 117.14 114.59 —
5 Avg. Std. 123.87 121.73 119.78 118.25 115.52 112.67 111.15 109.23 108.14 — —
5 & 6 114.32 112.34 110.49 109.20 106.51 103.89 102.57 100.88 — — —
6, Min. Std. 105.45 103.62 101.88 100.71 98.22 95.77 94.58 — — — —

Note: Add 4% to the square foot cost for floors above the second floor level.

Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 2 & 3 Conventional Recreational Dwelling, Class 1

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“A-Frame” Cabins

38 Residential Structures Section

Quality Classification
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Best Quality Good Quality Average Quality Low Quality

Framing Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame. Wood frame.
(10% of total cost)

Floor Framing 4″ x 8″ girders 48″ o.c. 4″ x 8″ girders 48″ o.c. 4″ x 6″ girders 48″ o.c. 4″ x 6″ girders 48″ o.c.
(5% of total cost) with 2″ T&G subfloor, with 1-1/4″ plywood or with 1-1/4″ plywood or with 1-1/4″ plywood or
or 2″ x 6″ to 2″ x 8″ 2″ T&G subfloor, or 2″ T&G subfloor, or 2″ T&G subfloor, or
joists 16″ o.c. with 1″ 2″ x 6″ to 2″ x 8″ 2″ x 6″ joists 16″ o.c. 2″ x 6″ joists 16″ o.c.
subfloor. joists 16″ o.c. with 1″ with 1″ subfloor. with 1″ subfloor.
subfloor.

Roof Framing 4″ x 8″ at 48″ o.c. 4″ x 8″ at 48″ o.c. 4″ x 8″ at 48″ o.c. 4″ x 8″ at 48″ o.c.
(8% of total cost) with 2″ or 3″ T&G with 2″ or 3″ T&G with 2″ T&G with 1-1/4″ plywood
sheathing. sheathing. sheathing. or 2″ T&G sheathing.

Gable End Finish Good plywood, lap Average to good Average plywood, Low cost plywood,
(5% of total cost) board or board and plywood, or board or wood shingle or composition
batt. boards. shingle. siding.

Windows Good quality large Average quality Average quality wood Small glass area of
(2% of total cost) insulated wood or insulated wood or or metal windows. low cost windows.
metal windows. metal windows.

Roofing Heavy wood shakes. Medium wood or Wood or composition Low cost composition
(10% of total cost) aluminum shakes. shingles. shingles.

Flooring Good carpet or hardwood Average to good qua- Average quality carpet Composition
(5% of total cost) with sheet lity carpet with good with resilient tile in tile.
vinyl in kitchen and tile or sheet vinyl in kitchen and baths.
baths. kitchen and baths.

Interior Finish Good quality hard- Good textured gypsum Textured gypsum Low cost paneling or
(25% of total cost including wood veneer wallboard, good plywood wallboard or plywood wallboard.
finish carpentry, wiring, paneling. or knotty pine paneling. paneling.
lighting, fireplace, etc.)

Bathrooms Two 3-fixture baths Two 3-fixture Two 3-fixture One 3-fixture
(5% of total cost) and one 2-fixture baths, good fixtures. baths, average fixtures. bath.
bath, good fixtures.

Kitchen 15′ to 18′ good 12′ to 16′ of hard- 8′ to 12′ of average 6′ to 8′ of minimum
(5% of total cost) quality hardwood wood veneer base quality veneer or base cabinets
veneer base cabinet cabinet with match- painted base cabinets with matching wall
with matching ing wall cabinets. with matching cabinets. 6′ to
wall cabinets. 15′ 12′ to 16′ of plastic wall cabinets. 8′ to 8′ of minimum
to 18′ of good quality or ceramic tile 12′ of plastic plastic drainboard.
plastic or ceramic drainboard. drainboard.
tile drain board.

Plumbing Nine good quality Seven good quality Seven average quality Four low cost fixtures
(15% of total cost) fixtures and one fixtures and one fixtures and one and one water heater.
larger or two 30 water heater. water heater. Plastic supply pipe.
gallon water heaters.
Copper supply piping.

Special Features Built-in oven, range, Built-in range, oven Drop-in range and Minimum electric
(5% of total cost) dishwasher, disposer, and range hood, hood, some insulation, fixtures.
range hood with good some insulation, low cost electric
insulation, good 8′ sliding glass door, fixtures.
lighting fixtures, average electric
insulated sliding fixtures.
glass door and ornate
entry door.

“A-Frame” Cabins

Residential Structures Section 39

4 Corners

Estimating Procedure
1. Establish the structure quality class by applying the information on page 38.
2. Multiply the structure floor area by the appropriate cost listed below.
3. Multiply the total from step 2 by the correct location factor listed on page 7 or 8.
4. Add, when appropriate, the cost of a deck or porch, paving, fireplace, garage or carport, heating, extra plumbing fixtures,

supporting walls, half story areas, construction on hillside lots, and construction in remote areas.
See page 42.

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Best 220.56 199.02 184.05 173.06 164.47 157.66 152.04 147.36 143.38 139.87 136.87
1 & 2 202.67 182.88 169.11 158.97 151.14 144.73 139.71 135.39 131.69 128.56 125.77
2, Good 185.96 167.78 155.24 145.87 138.74 132.92 128.23 124.21 120.90 117.97 115.41
2 & 3 175.54 158.40 146.52 137.72 130.93 125.49 120.99 117.32 114.10 111.36 108.94
3, Average 166.31 150.06 138.79 130.44 123.99 118.85 114.59 111.08 108.12 105.47 103.21
3 & 4 150.94 136.20 125.91 118.40 112.56 107.90 104.07 100.84 98.09 95.71 93.70
4, Low 135.39 122.19 113.02 106.27 101.02 96.79 93.36 90.50 87.98 85.88 84.02

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Best 132.02 129.89 127.96 126.17 123.13 120.59 118.45 116.57 114.95 113.47 112.22
1 & 2 121.82 119.87 118.01 116.43 113.64 111.27 109.32 107.58 106.11 104.76 103.61
2, Good 112.42 110.54 108.89 107.39 104.85 102.69 100.85 99.25 97.83 96.61 95.58
2 & 3 106.70 104.93 103.38 101.99 99.50 97.51 95.70 94.22 92.89 91.76 90.69
3, Average 101.35 99.68 98.17 96.93 94.57 92.60 90.92 89.50 88.28 87.16 86.17
3 & 4 93.25 91.73 90.34 89.15 87.00 85.20 83.68 82.36 81.22 80.20 79.29
4, Low 83.42 81.78 80.95 79.81 78.79 77.17 75.77 74.55 73.53 72.62 71.80

“A-Frame” Cabin, Class 3 & 4

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“A-Frame” Cabins

40 Residential Structures Section

6 Corners

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Best 224.12 202.24 187.21 176.11 167.58 160.83 155.26 150.61 146.72 143.25 140.31
1 & 2 205.52 185.51 171.71 161.54 153.75 147.52 142.39 138.12 134.53 131.40 128.56
2, Good 188.81 170.39 157.75 148.36 141.16 135.45 130.81 126.87 123.57 120.71 118.24
2 & 3 178.31 160.86 148.90 140.07 133.34 127.96 123.50 119.79 116.62 114.00 111.62
3, Average 168.06 151.65 140.35 132.05 125.61 120.54 116.40 112.93 109.99 107.38 105.20
3 & 4 153.33 138.40 128.11 120.51 114.67 110.03 106.22 103.10 100.35 98.03 96.02
4, Low 137.27 123.87 114.64 107.90 102.69 98.52 95.09 92.26 89.82 87.73 85.91

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Best 135.70 133.46 131.46 129.70 126.63 124.06 121.82 119.94 118.29 116.77 115.50
1 & 2 124.97 122.89 121.11 119.43 116.61 114.24 112.23 110.45 108.90 107.58 106.37
2, Good 115.30 113.38 111.73 110.23 107.61 105.42 103.56 101.94 100.53 99.28 98.15
2 & 3 109.41 107.61 106.03 104.58 102.13 100.03 98.22 96.74 95.42 94.18 93.18
3, Average 104.23 102.56 101.07 99.67 97.31 95.34 93.70 92.18 90.89 89.79 88.74
3 & 4 95.70 94.18 92.76 91.52 89.34 87.53 86.01 84.66 83.45 82.40 81.51
4, Low 85.18 83.92 82.79 80.80 79.15 77.79 76.51 75.51 74.53 73.70 72.58

“A-Frame” Cabin, Class 2 & 3

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“A-Frame” Cabins

Residential Structures Section 41

8 Corners

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

1, Best 227.80 205.99 190.96 179.86 171.34 164.44 158.84 154.11 150.12 146.72 143.65
1 & 2 208.87 188.97 175.17 164.97 157.09 150.80 145.68 141.37 137.68 134.53 131.75
2, Good 191.51 173.19 160.61 151.21 144.06 138.29 133.52 129.59 126.25 123.36 120.77
2 & 3 180.74 163.48 151.57 142.74 135.94 130.47 126.04 122.31 119.14 116.40 114.01
3, Average 170.95 154.65 143.30 134.97 128.59 123.44 119.18 115.73 112.66 110.07 107.86
3 & 4 155.33 140.55 130.23 122.63 116.81 112.12 108.32 105.14 102.38 100.07 97.99
4, Low 139.26 125.92 116.72 109.94 104.73 100.51 97.10 94.22 91.78 89.67 87.84

Square Foot Area
Quality Class 1,500 1,600 1,700 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200

1, Best 139.14 136.90 134.91 133.14 130.03 127.44 125.21 123.37 121.69 120.27 119.03
1 & 2 125.81 123.77 121.96 120.33 117.51 115.19 113.20 111.52 109.99 108.73 107.50
2, Good 118.22 116.25 114.56 113.08 110.43 108.22 106.37 104.76 103.35 102.13 101.05
2 & 3 111.94 110.07 108.49 107.06 104.57 102.45 100.77 99.20 97.83 96.72 95.66
3, Average 106.62 104.87 103.33 101.94 99.58 97.64 95.99 94.54 93.25 92.09 91.11
3 & 4 97.79 96.19 94.74 93.53 91.35 89.53 88.02 86.69 85.54 84.53 83.61
4, Low 87.16 85.88 84.77 82.77 81.12 79.70 78.50 77.46 76.51 75.76 74.58

“A-Frame” Cabin, Class 2

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Cabins and Recreational Dwellings

42 Residential Structures Section

Additional Costs

Half-Story Costs
For conventional recreational dwellings, use the suggested fractions found on page 30 in the section “Additional Costs for
Residential Structures.” For “A-Frame” cabins, use one of the following costs: A simple platform with low cost floor cover,
minimum partitions, and minimum lighting costs $65 to $95 per square foot. Average quality half story area with average
quality carpet, average number of partitions finished with gypsum wallboard or plywood veneer and average lighting costs
$95 to $105 per square foot. A good quality half story area with good carpet, decorative rustic partitions, ceiling beams and
good lighting costs $125 to $145 per square foot.

Decks and Porches, per square foot
2″ wood deck with steps and railing (300 S.F. base)
1′ to 4′ above ground $23.37 to $27.28
Over 4′ to 6′ above ground 27.07 to 35.00
Over 6′ to 9′ above ground 28.31 to 37.06
Over 9′ to 12′ above ground 29.34 to 38.81
Over 12′ above ground 30.88 to 40.14

Fireplaces, 2-story, including foundation

Metal hood with concrete slab $2,734 to $3,386
Prefabricated, zero clearance 3,920 to 5,884
Simple concrete block 4,790 to 7,973
Concrete block with stone facing 6,320 to 9,610
Simple natural stone 10,905 to 15,820

Extra Plumbing, cost each

Lavatory $1,680 to $2,465
Water closet or bidet 2,050 to 2,516
Tub and shower 2,160 to 2,880
Stall shower 1,612 to 2,350
Laundry or utility sink 1,175 to 1,390

Heating, cost each

Wall furnace, 35,000 Btu $1,330
Wall furnace, 65,000 Btu 1,630
Baseboard hot water, per SF* 5.20
Central heating, perimeter ducts, per S.F.* 7.28
*Cost is per SF of floor area heated.

Garages, Carports and Basements

For garage, carport and basement costs for conventional
recreational dwellings, see pages 27 and 29.

Flatwork, per square foot
Asphalt paving $4.53 to $6.80
4″ concrete 4.65 to 7.00
6″ concrete 4.94 to 7.20

Reinforced concrete walls, per C.F.

Formed one side only $18.70 to $21.65
Formed both sides 23.98 to 27.10

Supporting Wall Costs

Cabins and recreational dwellings built on sloping lots cost more than if they are built on level lots. The cost of supporting
walls of a building that do not enclose any living area should be estimated by using the figures below. These costs include
everything above a normal foundation (12″ to 18″ above ground) up to the bottom of the next floor structure where square foot
costs can be applied. In addition to the cost of supporting walls, add the cost of any extra structural members and the higher
cost of building on a slope. A good rule of thumb for this is to add $870 for each foot of vertical distance between the highest
and the lowest points of intersection of foundation and ground level.

Wood posts, per foot of height

4″ x 4″ $2.30 to $3.65
4″ x 6″ 3.65 to 6.25
6″ x 6″ 4.71 to 8.89
8″ x 8″ 10.64 to 16.54
10″ x 10″ 19.70 to 28.23
12″ x 12″ 29.62 to 41.20

Brick, per square foot of wall

8″ common brick $36.96 to $45.20
12″ common brick 56.79 to 70.54
8″ common brick, 1 side face brick 46.89 to 57.84
12″ common brick, 1 side face brick 73.34 to 91.42

Reinforced concrete block,
per square foot of wall

8″ natural $8.94 to $10.80
8″ colored 12.31 to 14.45
8″ detailed blocks, natural 10.18 to 13.35
8″ detailed blocks, colored 13.86 to 15.68
8″ sandblasted 10.80 to 12.65
8″ splitface, natural 9.21 to 10.86
8″ splitface, colored 14.44 to 16.30
8″ slump block, natural 9.89 to 12.31
8″ slump block, colored 13.72 to 15.88
12″ natural 17.45 to 19.51

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Life in Years and Depreciation for Residences

Residential Structures Section 43

Quality Class 1 2 3 4 5 6

Single family residences 70 70 70 60 60 55
Manufactured housing 45 40 40 30 30
Multi-family residences 60 60 55 55 50
Motels 60 55 55 50
Conventional recreational dwellings 70 60 60 55 55 50
A-frame cabins 60 55 55 50

This table shows typical physical lives in years in the absence of unusual physical, functional or economic obsolescence.
Raise half classes to the next higher whole class.

To Find the Present Value of an Existing Residence
Present value is the replacement cost less depreciation (inverse of the “% Good” column below). Multiply the appropriate
figure in the “% good” column by the current replacement cost developed using this manual to find the present value. For
newer residences, the chronological age (“Age” column) is usually the best indicator of percent good. The present value of
older residences may be influenced more by physical, functional or economic obsolescence than by age. When physical,
functional or economic conditions limit or extend the remaining useful life of a residence, estimate that life in years and use
the “Rem. Life” column (rather than the “Age” column) to find the percent good.

20 Years 25 Years 30 Years 40 Years 45 Years 50 Years 55 Years 60 Years 70 Years
Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. % Rem. %
Age Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good Age Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good Life Good

0 20 100 25 100 30 100 40 100 0 45 100 50 100 55 100 60 100 70 100
1 19 94 24 95 29 96 39 98 2 43 97 48 97 53 98 58 98 68 99
2 18 88 23 90 28 93 38 96 4 41 93 46 94 51 96 56 96 66 98
3 17 81 22 86 27 89 37 94 6 39 89 44 91 49 94 54 94 64 97
4 16 75 21 81 26 86 36 92 8 37 85 42 88 47 91 52 92 62 96
5 15 69 20 77 25 82 35 90 10 35 81 39 85 45 88 50 90 60 95
6 14 63 19 72 24 79 34 87 12 33 77 38 82 43 85 48 88 58 93
7 13 59 18 68 23 75 33 84 14 32 73 36 78 41 82 46 86 56 92
8 12 57 17 63 22 71 32 82 16 30 69 35 74 40 79 45 83 54 90
9 11 55 16 60 21 67 31 80 18 28 65 33 70 38 76 43 80 52 89
10 11 53 16 58 20 64 30 77 20 26 60 31 67 36 73 41 77 50 87
11 10 50 15 56 19 60 29 74 22 24 58 29 63 34 69 39 74 48 86
12 9 48 14 54 19 59 28 72 24 23 56 28 60 32 65 37 71 46 84
13 8 46 13 53 18 57 27 70 26 22 54 26 58 31 62 35 68 44 82
14 7 44 12 51 17 56 27 67 28 20 52 24 56 29 60 34 65 42 80
15 7 42 11 49 16 54 26 65 30 18 50 23 54 27 58 32 63 40 78
16 6 40 11 48 15 53 25 62 32 17 48 21 53 26 56 30 60 38 76
17 5 38 10 46 14 52 24 60 34 15 47 20 51 24 55 29 58 36 73
18 5 36 9 44 13 50 23 59 36 14 45 18 49 23 53 27 57 34 71
19 4 33 8 43 13 49 22 58 38 12 43 17 47 21 51 26 55 32 68
20 4 31 7 41 12 47 21 58 40 11 41 16 45 20 50 24 54 30 65
21 3 29 7 39 11 46 21 55 42 10 39 14 44 19 48 23 52 28 62
22 3 27 6 37 11 44 20 54 44 9 37 13 42 17 46 21 51 26 59
23 3 25 6 35 10 43 19 53 46 8 35 12 40 16 45 20 49 25 56
24 3 23 5 34 9 42 18 52 48 7 33 11 38 15 43 19 47 23 54
25 2 21 5 32 9 40 17 51 50 6 31 10 37 14 41 18 46 21 49
26 2 19 4 30 8 39 17 50 52 5 29 9 35 12 40 16 44 19 45
27 2 16 4 29 7 37 16 49 54 5 28 8 33 11 38 15 43 18 44
28 2 14 4 27 7 36 15 48 56 4 26 7 31 10 36 14 41 16 42
29 2 12 3 25 6 34 14 47 58 4 24 6 30 9 35 13 40 15 38
30 1 10 3 24 6 33 14 46 60 3 22 5 28 8 33 12 38 14 36
31 – – 3 22 5 31 13 45 62 3 20 4 26 7 31 11 37 12 31
32 – – 3 20 5 30 12 44 64 3 17 4 24 6 30 10 35 11 30
33 – – 2 18 5 29 12 43 66 2 16 3 22 5 28 9 33 10 27
34 – – 2 17 4 27 11 42 68 2 14 3 21 5 27 8 32 9 25
35 – – 2 15 4 26 11 41 70 2 12 3 19 4 25 7 30 9 24
36 – – 2 13 4 24 10 40 72 1 10 2 17 4 23 6 29 8 21
38 – – 1 10 3 21 9 38 74 – – 2 15 4 21 5 27 7 20
40 – – – – 2 19 7 35 76 – – 2 14 3 20 5 26 7 19
42 – – – – 2 16 6 33 80 – – 1 10 2 17 4 23 7 18
46 – – – – 1 10 5 29 82 – – – – 2 15 3 20 6 17
50 – – – – – – 4 25 84 – – – – 1 10 2 17 5 16
55 – – – – – – 3 20 96 – – – – – – 1 10 3 14
60 – – – – – – 2 14 98 – – – – – – – – 2 12
64 – – – – – – 1 10 100 – – – – – – – – 1 10

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A
Adjustment factors, live load . . . . .229
Adjustments, wall heights . . . . . . . . .5
Adjustments for area . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Administrative office (military) . . . .272
A-frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
A-frame cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-41

4 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
6 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
8 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

A-frame restaurants . . . . . . . .183-184
Age factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Agricultural structures . . . . . .249-269
Air and water service . . . . . . . . . . .205
Air compressors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Air conditioning . . . . . . . . .18, 28, 266
Aircraft avionics shop (military) . . .272
Aircraft machine shop (military) . . .272
Aircraft operations (military) . . . . .272
Ambulatory clinic (military) . . . . . .272
Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Applied instruction building
(military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Area modification factors . . . . . .6, 7-8
Area of buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Auto service centers . . . . . . . .218-221
Automatic teller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Average Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

B
Balconies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Banks and savings offices . . .115-125
Barns . . . . . . . . . . .250-252, 256-260

dairy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257-260
feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
general purpose . . . . . . . . . . . .250
hay storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
herringbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260
low cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
stanchion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258
walk-through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259

Barracks, dormitory (military) . . . .272
Baseboard units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Basement garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Basements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Basements, residential . . . . . . . . . .27
Bathrooms, multi-family
residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Block, concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Bowling alley (on military base) . . .272
Boxes, walk-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242
Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Buffet hutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Building classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Building quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Building shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Built-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Bulkheads . . . . . . . . . . .242, 244, 245
Bumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

C
Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32, 38-42
Cages, poultry . . . . . . .262, 263, 264,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265, 266
Canopies . . . . . . . . . . . .204, 232, 237
Canopy lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Carports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 29, 42
Cash boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Catch basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Central air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 28
Chain link fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Chapel center (on military base) . .272
Child development center
(on military base) . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Churches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172-173
City hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56, 59
Classes, quality . . . . . .11, 16, 19, 23,
33, 38, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 59, 76, 82,
89, 94, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113,
115, 120, 126, 129, 132, 135, 143,
151, 159, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175,
178, 181, 183, 185, 191, 195-196,
198, 200, 202, 208, 213, 218, 223,
227, 244, 250-255, 257-260,
262-265, 267, 268

Classrooms, temporary . . . . . . . . . .55
Coffee shop restaurants . . . . .178-180
Commercial structures . . . . . . .74-248
Commissary (military) . . . . . . . . . .272
Compressors, refrigeration . . . . . .261
Concrete block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Concrete decks, uncovered . . . . . . .27
Concrete paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
Concrete walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Convalescent hospitals . . . . .167-169
Conventional recreational dwellings

4 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
6 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
8 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

10 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Conventional restaurants . . . .181-182
Coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Coolers, evaporative . . . . . . . . . . .266
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Cooling pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266
Corral, holding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Cost tables, explanation . . . . . . . . . . .4
Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Covered porches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Curbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Curbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
Current dollar costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

D
Dairy barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257-260
Dampers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
Deck roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Decks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Decks and porches . . . . . . .18, 27, 42
Dental clinic (on military base) . . .272
Department stores . . . . . . . . .126-134
Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 43
Dining facility (on military base) . .272
Discount houses . . . . . . . . . .111-114
Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Dispensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
Display fronts . . . . . . . . . . . .242- 245
Display platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Display signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
Dock levelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Domes, skylights . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Door hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Doors

exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
hollow metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
roll-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
sidewall, sliding . . . . . . . . . . . .232

walk-thru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
warehouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Downspouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Draperies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
Dumbwaiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

E
Ecclesiastic buildings . . . . . .173-174
Economic obsolescence . . . . . . . . . .6
Education center (on
military base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Effective age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Electric heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
Elementary school (military
dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Elementary schools . . . . . . . . . .44-49
Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30, 238
Entrances . . . . . . .136-141, 144-149,

. . . . . . . . . .152-157, 160-165, 245
Equipment room . . . . . . . . . .258, 259
Equipment shed . . . . . . . . . .254, 260
Escalators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238
Evaporative cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Explanation of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
External access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
External offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
Extinguishers, fire . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

F
Factory buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
Family housing (on military
base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Family service center (military) . . .272
Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266
Feed barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
Feed tanks, bulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Feeders, automatic . . . . . . . . . . . .266
Fence

cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
chain link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
metal rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
Finishes, wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Fire and rescue station
(on military base) . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Fire escapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
Fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
Fire sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
Fire stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

on military base . . . . . . . . . . . . .272
Fireplaces . . . . . . . . . .18, 29, 42, 239
Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Flatwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 261
Floor furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Foggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266
Foundations, permanent, for
manufactured housing . . . . . . . . . .18

Framed openings . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Functional obsolescence . . . . . . . . . .6
Funeral homes . . . . . . . . . . . .171-172
Furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

G
Garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29, 31, 42

basement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
ground level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
separate structure . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Garbage disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Gasoline storage tanks . . . . . . . . . .205
Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247-261
General office buildings . . . . .135-150
General purpose barns . . . . . . . . . .250
Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Government offices . . . . . . . . . .56-61
Greenhouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267
Gutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

H
Half classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Half-baths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Half-story costs . . . . . . . . . . . . .30, 42
Hangars (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . .272
Hay shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Hay storage barns . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Heat and smoke vents . . . . . . . . . .241
Heaters

baseboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28, 239
suspended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42, 266
Heating and cooling . . . . . . . .28, 239
Herringbone barns . . . . . . . . . . . . .260
High school (military
dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Historical index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Holding corral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Holding tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Hospitals, convalescent . . . . .167-170
How to use this book . . . . . . . . . . .4-6

I
Index, historical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Industrial buildings . . . . . . . . . . . .223

light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
Industrial structures . . . . . . . .222-248
Installation maintenance shop
(military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Intercom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Internal offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
Island lighters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Island office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

J
Jr. high/middle school (military
dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

K
Kitchen equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .240

L
Laundry sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Libraries, public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Library (on military base) . . . . . . . .272
Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Light industrial buildings . . . . . . . .225
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245, 248
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Livestock scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Loading ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Loafing sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Local modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8
Location adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Lube room equipment . . . . . . . . . .205

Index

273

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M
Machinery and equipment sheds . .254
Main Exchange (military) . . . . . . . .272
Manholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Manufactured housing . . . . . . . .16-18

additional costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Material handling . . . . . . . . . . . . .242
Medical clinic (on military base) . .272
Medical facility (on military
base) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Medical-dental buildings . . . .151-159
Mezzanines . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125, 240
Microwave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Migrant worker housing . . . . . . . . .268
Military construction costs . . . . . . .270
Milk house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
Milk line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Milking barn . . . . . . . . . . . . .258-260
Mobile home parks . . . . . . . .195-197
Mobile homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-18
Mortuaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171-172
Motels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23-26
Multi-family residences . . . . . . .20-22
Multi-unit buildings . . . . . . . . . .92-93

N
Night deposit vault . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Normal Percent Good . . . . . . . . . .235

O
Obsolescence

economic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
functional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Offices, external and internal . . . . .227
Offices, government . . . . . . . . . .56-61
Openings, framed . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Operations building (military) . . . .272
Overhangs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Overhead heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

P
PA systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Parachute and dinghy
shop (military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Paving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
asphaltic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Percent Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Percent Good table . . . . . . . . . . . .235
Physical fitness training center
(military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Physical lives . . . . . . . . .43, 235, 269
Physical obsolescence . . . . . . . . . . .6
Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Pneumatic tube systems . . . . . . . .240
Pole barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256
Porch roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 27
Porches, covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Porches and decks . . . . . . . . . .18, 42
Post mounting . . . . . . . . . . . .207, 246
Posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Poultry houses . . . . . . . . . . . .262-266

controlled environment . . . . . . .263
conventional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262

deep pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265
equipment costs . . . . . . . . . . . .266
high rise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

Prefabricated classrooms . . . . . . . .55
Present Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Pressure tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Public address systems . . . . . . . . .237
Public buildings

elementary schools . . . . . . . .44-47
libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
secondary schools . . . . . . . . .50-55

Pullmans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

Q
Quality classes, explanation . . . . . . . .4
Quality classifications

A-frame cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
A-frame restaurants . . . . . . . . . .183
auto service centers . . . . . . . . .218
banks and savings offices .115, 120
coffee shop restaurants . . . . . . .178
convalescent hospitals . . .167, 169
conventional recreational
dwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

conventional restaurants . . . . . .181
department stores . . .126, 129, 132
discount houses . . . . . . . .111, 113
display fronts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
ecclesiastic buildings . . . . . . . .173
feed barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
funeral homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
general office buildings . . .135, 143
general purpose barns . . . . . . . .250
government offices . . . . . . . .56, 59
greenhouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267
hay storage barns . . . . . . . . . . .251
industrial buildings . . . . . . . . . .223
internal offices . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
machinery and equipment
sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254

manufactured housing . . . . . . . . .16
medical-dental buildings . .151, 159
migrant worker housing . . . . . . .268
mobile home parks . . . . . . . . . .195
modern herringbone barns . . . .260
motels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
multi-family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
poultry houses . . . . . . . . . . . . .262
schools, elementary . . . . .44-45, 47
schools, secondary . . . . . . . .50-53
self service restaurants . . . . . . .175
service garages . . . . . . . . .208, 213
service stations . . . . .198, 200, 202
shop buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
single family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
small food stores . . . . . . . .107, 109
small sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
suburban stores . . . . . . . . . . .89, 94
supermarkets . . . . . . . . . .103, 105
theaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185, 191
urban stores . . . . . . . . . . . . .76, 82

Quality specifications . . . . . . . . . . . .4

R
Rails and steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Ramp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Receiver systems, satellite . . . . . . .245
Record storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Recreation center (military) . . . . . .272
Recreational dwellings . . . . . . . .32-42
Regional medical center
(military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Remaining Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Reserve Center (military) . . . . . . . .272
Residences

multi-family . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19-22
single family . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-15

Residential structures section . . .10-43
Restaurants

A-frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183-184
coffee shop . . . . . . . . . . . .178-180
conventional . . . . . . . . . . .181-182
self service . . . . . . . . . . . .175-177

Room coolers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Rotators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206, 247

S
Safe deposit boxes . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Satellite communications center
(military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Satellite receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Scales

livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269

Schools, elementary . . . . . . . . .44-47
Schools, secondary . . . . . . . . . .50-55
Screen walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Secondary schools . . . . . . . . . . .50-55
Security systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Self service restaurants . . . . .175-178
Septic tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Service club (military) . . . . . . . . . .272
Service garages . . . . . . . . . . .208-213
Service station signs . . . . . . . . . . .206
Service stations . . . . . . . . . . .198-207

additional costs . . . . . . . . .204-207
Sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254-255
Shop buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253
Shopping centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Sidewall doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
Signs, lighted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
Single family residences . . . . . .10-15

4 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
6 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
8 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

10 corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Site improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Skirting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Skylights . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 240, 241
Sliding windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
Small food stores . . . . . . . . . .107-110
Small sheds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
Snowload capability . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Sound systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Stanchion barns . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258
Stanchions, steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Station hospital (military) . . . . . . .272
Steel buildings . . . . . . . . . . . .228-234
Steel stanchions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Steps and rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Storage buildings . . . . . . . . . .18, 204
Storage facility (military) . . . . . . . .272
Storage tanks, gasoline . . . . . . . . .205
Stores

suburban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88-102
urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-87

Striping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247

Suburban stores . . . . . . . . . . . .88-102
Suite entrances

exterior . . . . . . .136-138, 144-146,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .152-154, 160-162
interior . . . . . . .139-141, 147-149,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .155-157, 163-165

Sump pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Supermarkets . . . . . . . . . . . . .103-106

T
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Tanks, pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Temporary classrooms . . . . . . . . . .55
Temporary lodging facility
(military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Theaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185-191
Tie downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Toilets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Trailer parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195-197
Trash compactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Truck scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

U
Unaccompanied officers quarters
(military) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Urban stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75-87

V
Vault doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Vehicle hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
Vehicle maint. shop (military) . . . .272
Ventilators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 241
Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234, 241

W
Walk-in boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242
Walk-through barns . . . . . . . . . . . .259
Walk-thru doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
Wall finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Wall furnaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Wall heaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Wall heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Walls, bulkhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Warehouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
Wash area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Water systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
Water tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Wet bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Whirlpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Window frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Windows

aluminum industrial . . . . . . . . .234
aluminum sliding . . . . . . . . . . .234
steel sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Wood decks, uncovered . . . . . . . . .27
Wood fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248
Wood posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Y
Yard improvements . . . . . . . .247-248
Yard lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Youth center (military
dependents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

274

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field of construction that provides lucrative work immune to eco-
nomic downturns. And, with insurance companies funding the
repairs, your payment is virtually guaranteed. But this type of work
requires special knowledge and equipment, and that’s what you’ll
learn about in this book. It covers fire repairs and smoke damage,
water losses and specialized drying methods, mold remediation, con-
tent restoration, even damage to mobile and manufactured homes.
You’ll also find information on equipment needs, training classes, esti-
mating books and software, and how restoration leads to lucrative
remodeling jobs. It covers all you need to know to start and succeed
as the restoration contractor that both homeowners and insurance
companies call on first for the best jobs. 640 pages, 8½ x 11, $69.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $34.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Markup & Profit: A Contractor’s Guide, Revisited

In order to succeed in a construction business, you have to be able
to price your jobs to cover all labor, material and overhead expens-
es, and make a decent profit. But calculating markup is only part of
the picture. If you’re going to beat the odds and stay in business
— profitably, you also need to know how to write good contracts,
manage your crews, work with subcontractors and collect on your
work. This book covers the business basics of running a construc-
tion company, whether you’re a general or specialty contractor
working in remodeling, new construction or commercial work. The
principles outlined here apply to all construction-related busi-
nesses. You’ll find tried and tested formulas to guarantee profits,
with instructions and easy-to-follow examples to help you learn
how to operate your business successfully. Includes a link to free
downloads of blank forms and checklists used in this book.
336 pages, 8½ x 11, $47.50

Also available as an eBook (ePub, mobi for Kindle), $39.95 at
www.craftsman-book.com

Estimating & Bidding for Builders & Remodelers

This 5th edition has all the information you need for estimating
and bidding new construction and home improvement projects.
It shows how to select jobs that will be profitable, do a labor and
materials take-off from the plans, calculate overhead and figure
your markup, and schedule the work. Includes a CD with an easy-
to-use construction estimating program and a database of 50,000
current labor and material cost estimates for new construction
and home improvement work, with area modifiers for every zip
code. Price updates on the Web are free and automatic.
272 pages, 8½ x 11, $89.50

eBook (PDF) also available; $44.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Estimating Home Building Costs, Revised

Estimate every phase of residential construction from site costs to
the profit margin you include in your bid. Shows how to keep track
of manhours and make accurate labor cost estimates for site clear-
ing and excavation, footings, foundations, framing and sheathing
finishes, electrical, plumbing, and more. Provides and explains
sample cost estimate worksheets with complete instructions for
each job phase. This practical guide to estimating home construc-
tion costs has been updated with digital Excel estimating forms
and worksheets that ensure accurate and complete estimates for
your residential projects. Enter your project information on the
worksheets and Excel automatically totals each material and labor
cost from every stage of construction to a final cost estimate
worksheet. Load the enclosed CD-ROM into your computer and
create your own estimate as you follow along with the step-by-
step techniques in this book. 336 pages, 8½ x 11, $38.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $19.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Contractor’s Plain-English Legal Guide

For today’s contractors, legal problems are like snakes in the
swamp — you might not see them, but you know they’re there.
This book tells you where the snakes are hiding and directs you to
the safe path. With the directions in this easy-to-read handbook
you’re less likely to need a $250-an-hour lawyer. Includes simple
directions for starting your business, writing contracts that cover
just about any eventuality, collecting what’s owed you, filing liens,
protecting yourself from unethical subcontractors, and more. For
about the price of 15 minutes in a lawyer’s office, you’ll have a
guide that will make many of those visits unnecessary. Includes a
CD-ROM with blank copies of all the forms and contracts in the
book. 272 pages, 8½ x 11, $49.50

Craftsman’s Construction Installation Encyclopedia

Step-by-step installation instructions for just about any residential
construction, remodeling or repair task, arranged alphabetically,
from Acoustic tile to Wood flooring. Includes hundreds of illustra-
tions that show how to build, install, or remodel each part of the
job, as well as manhour tables for each work item so you can esti-
mate and bid with confidence. Also includes a CD-ROM with all
the material in the book, handy look-up features, and the ability to
capture and print out for your crew the instructions and diagrams
for any job. 792 pages, 8½ x 11, $65.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $32.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Estimating With Microsoft Excel, 3rd Ed.

Step-by-step instructions show you how to create your own cus-
tomized automated spreadsheet estimating program for use with
Excel 2007.You’ll learn how to use the magic of Excel to create all the
forms you need; detail sheets, cost breakdown summaries, and
more. With Excel as your tool, you can easily estimate costs for all
phases of the job, from pulling permits, to concrete, rebar, and roof-
ing. You’ll see how to create your own formulas and macros and
apply them in your everyday projects. If you’ve wanted to use Excel,
but were unsure of how to make use of all its features, let this new
book show you how. Includes a CD-ROM that illustrates examples in
the book and provides you with templates you can use to set up
your own estimating system. 158 pages, 5½ x 9, $44.95

Construction Estimating Reference Data

Provides the 300 most useful manhour tables for practically every
item of construction. Labor requirements are listed for sitework,
concrete work, masonry, steel, carpentry, thermal and moisture
protection, doors and windows, finishes, mechanical and electri-
cal. Each section details the work being estimated and gives
appropriate crew size and equipment needed. Includes a CD-ROM
with an electronic version of the book with National Estimator, a
stand-alone WindowsTM estimating program, plus an interactive
multimedia video that shows how to use the disk to compile con-
struction cost estimates. 384 pages, 11 x 8½, $59.00

eBook (PDF) also available, $29.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Masonry & Concrete Construction Revised

Shows on-site preplanning and layout through the construction of
footings, foundations, walls, fireplaces and chimneys. An added
appendix on safety regulations, with a condensed OSHA reference.
Improved bid-winning estimating techniques. The emphasis is on
integrating new techniques and materials with tried-and-true
methods. Includes information on cement and mortar types, mixes,
coloring agents and additives, and suggestions on when, where
and how to use them; calculating footing and foundation loads,
with reference tables and formulas; forming materials and systems;
pouring and reinforcing concrete slabs and flatwork; block and
brick wall construction, with seismic requirements; crack control,
masonry veneer construction, brick floors and pavements, design
considerations and materials; cleaning, painting and repairing all
types of masonry. 304 pages, 8½ x 11, $37.75

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CD Estimator

If your computer has WindowsTM and a CD-ROM drive, CD Estimator
puts at your fingertips over 150,000 construction costs for new con-
struction, remodeling, renovation & insurance repair, home
improvement, framing & finish carpentry, electrical, concrete &
masonry, painting, earthwork and heavy equipment, and plumbing
& HVAC. Quarterly cost updates are available at no charge on the
Internet. You’ll also have the National Estimator program — a stand-
alone estimating program for WindowsTM that Remodeling maga-
zine called a “computer wiz,”and Job Cost Wizard, a program that lets
you export your estimates to QuickBooks Pro for actual job costing.
A 60-minute interactive video teaches you how to use this CD-ROM
to estimate construction costs. And to top it off, to help you create
professional-looking estimates, the disk includes over 40 construc-
tion estimating and bidding forms in a format that’s perfect for
nearly any WindowsTM word processing or spreadsheet program.
CD Estimator is $133.50

Standard Estimating Practice, 9th Edition

Estimating isn’t always an easy job. Sometimes snap decisions can
produce negative long-term effects. This book was designed by
the American Society of Professional Estimators as a set of stan-
dards to guide professional estimators. It’s intended to help every
estimator develop estimates that are uniform and verifiable. Every
step that should be included in the estimate is listed, as well as
aspects in the plans to consider when you’re estimating a job, and
what you should look for that may not be included. The result
should help you produce more consistently accurate estimates.
852 pages, 8½ x 11, $95.00

Construction Estimating

This extremely well-organized book shows the best and easiest
way to estimate materials for room additions or residential struc-
tures. It gives estimating tables and procedures needed to make a
fast, accurate, and complete material list of the structural mem-
bers found in wood- and steel-framed buildings. This book is
divided into 72 units, each of them covering a separate element in
the estimating procedure. Covers estimating foundations, floor
framing, wall framing, ceiling framing, roof framing, roofing mate-
rials, exterior and interior finish materials, hardware, steel joist
floor framing, steel stud framing, and steel ceiling joist and rafter
framing. 496 pages, 8½ x 11, $49.50

Construction Surveying & Layout

A practical guide to simplified construction surveying. How to
divide land, use a transit and tape to find a known point, draw
an accurate survey map from your field notes, use topograph-
ic surveys, and the right way to level and set grade. You’ll learn
how to make a survey for any residential or commercial lot,
driveway, road, or bridge — including how to figure cuts and
fills and calculate excavation quantities. Use this guide to
make your own surveys, or just read and verify the accuracy of
surveys made by others. 244 pages, 8½ x 11, $51.95

Residential Wiring to the 2011 NEC® eBook

This completely revised book explains how to
install rough and finish wiring in new construc-
tion, alterations, and additions. It takes you from
basic electrical theory to advanced wiring
methods, updated to comply with the 2011
National Electrical Code. You’ll find complete
instructions on troubleshooting and repair of
existing wiring, with hundreds of drawings and
photos showing you how to plan and install

wiring to code. Includes demand factors, circuit loads, and the for-
mulas you need. Every subject is referenced to the 2011 NEC®, with
many of the most-needed NEC® tables reproduced to help you
install wiring that passes inspection the first time. 304 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF); $24.00 at
www.craftsman-book.com

Residential Wiring to the 2008 NEC

This completely revised manual explains in simple terms how to
install rough and finish wiring in new construction, alterations,
and additions. It takes you from basic electrical theory to current
wiring methods that comply with the 2008 National Electrical
Code. You’ll find complete instructions on troubleshooting and
repairs of existing wiring, and how to extend service into additions
and remodels. Hundreds of drawings and photos show you the
tools and gauges you need, and how to plan and install the wiring.
Includes demand factors, circuit loads, the formulas you need, and
over 20 pages of the most-needed 2008 NEC tables to help your
wiring pass inspection the first time. Includes a CD-ROM with an
Interactive Study Center that helps you retain what you’ve
learned, and study for the electrician’s exam. Also on the CD is the
entire book in PDF format, with easy search features so you can
quickly find answers to your residential wiring questions.
304 pages, 8½ x 11, $42.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $21.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Building Contractor’s Exam Preparation Guide

Passing today’s contractor’s exams can be a major task. This book
shows you how to study, how questions are likely to be worded,
and the kinds of choices usually given for answers. Includes sam-
ple questions from actual state, county, and city examinations,
plus a sample exam to practice on. This book isn’t a substitute for
the study material that your testing board recommends, but it will
help prepare you for the types of questions — and their correct
answers — that are likely to appear on the actual exam. Knowing
how to answer these questions, as well as what to expect from the
exam, can greatly increase your chances of passing.
320 pages, 8½ x 11, $35.00

Fences & Retaining Walls Revised eBook

Everything you need to know to run a profitable
business in fence and retaining wall contracting.
Takes you through layout and design, construc-
tion techniques for wood, masonry, and chain
link fences, gates and entries, including finishing
and electrical details. How to build retaining and
rock walls. How to get your business off to the
right start, keep the books, and estimate accu-
rately. The book even includes a chapter on con-
tractor’s math. 417 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF, EPUB & MOBI/Kindle);
$23.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

2011 National Electrical Code

This new electrical code incorporates sweeping improvements to
make the code more functional and user-friendly. Here you’ll find
the essential foundation for electrical code requirements for the
21st century. With hundreds of significant and widespread
changes, this 2011 NEC contains all the latest electrical technolo-
gies, recently-developed techniques, and enhanced safety stan-
dards for electrical work. This is the standard all electricians are
required to know, even if it hasn’t yet been adopted by their local
or state jurisdictions. 880 pages, 8½ x 11, $85.00
Also available: 2008 National Electrical Code, $75.00

Builder’s Guide to Accounting Revised

Step-by-step, easy-to-follow guidelines for setting up and main-
taining records for your building business. This practical guide to
all accounting methods shows how to meet state and federal
accounting requirements, explains the new depreciation rules,
and describes how the Tax Reform Act can affect the way you keep
records. Full of charts, diagrams, simple directions and examples to
help you keep track of where your money is going. Recommended
reading for many state contractor’s exams. Each chapter ends with
a set of test questions, and a CD-ROM included FREE has all the
questions in interactive self-test software. Use the Study Mode to
make studying for the exam much easier, and Exam Mode to prac-
tice your skills. 360 pages, 8½ x 11, $35.50

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Pipe & Excavation Contracting Revised

This popular manual has been updated and
improved to bring it more current with modern
earthmoving and trenching equipment, refined
excavation techniques, stricter safety rules, and
improved materials. Shows how to read plans
and compute quantities for both trench and sur-
face excavation, figure crew and equipment pro-
ductivity rates, estimate unit costs, bid the work,
and get the bonds you need. Learn how to

choose the right equipment for each job, use GPS, how to lay all
types of water and sewer pipe, work on steep slopes or in high
groundwater, efficiently remove asphalt and rock, and the vari-
ous pipe, joints and fittings now available. Explains how to
switch your business to excavation work when you don’t have
pipe contracts, and how to avoid the pitfalls that can wipe out
your profits on any job. 328 pages, 8½ x 11, $35.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $17.50 at www.craftsman-book.com

Basic Engineering for Builders

This book is for you if you’ve ever been stumped
by an engineering problem on the job, yet
wanted to avoid the expense of hiring a quali-
fied engineer. Here you’ll find engineering prin-
ciples explained in non-technical language and
practical methods for applying them on the job.
With the help of this book you’ll be able to
understand engineering functions in the plans
and how to meet the requirements, how to get
permits issued without the help of an engineer, and anticipate
requirements for concrete, steel, wood and masonry. See why you
sometimes have to hire an engineer and what you can undertake
yourself: surveying, concrete, lumber loads and stresses, steel,
masonry, plumbing, and HVAC systems. This book is designed to
help you, the builder, save money by understanding engineering
principles that you can incorporate into the jobs you bid.
400 pages, 8½ x 11, $39.50

eBook (PDF) also available; $19.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Commercial Metal Stud Framing

Framing commercial jobs can be more lucrative
than residential work. But most commercial jobs
require some form of metal stud framing. This
book teaches step-by-step, with hundreds of
job site photos, high-speed metal stud framing
that works in both residential and commercial
construction. It describes the special tools you’ll
need, how to use them effectively, and the
material and equipment you’ll be working with.

You’ll find the shortcuts, tips and tricks-of-the-trade that take most
steel framers years on the job to discover. Shows how to set up a
crew to maintain a rhythm that will speed progress faster than any
wood framing job. If you’ve framed with wood, this book will teach
you how to be one of the few top-notch metal stud framers in
both commercial and residential construction.
208 pages, 8½ x 11, $45.00

National Renovation & Insurance Repair Estimator

Current prices in dollars and cents for hard-to-
find items needed on most insurance, repair,
remodeling, and renovation jobs. All price items
include labor, material, and equipment break-
outs, plus special charts that tell you exactly how
these costs are calculated.. Includes a free down-
load of an electronic version of the book with
National Estimator, a stand-alone Windows™
estimating program. An interactive multimedia
video that shows how to use the software to

compile renovation and repair cost estimates is free at www.crafts-
man-book.com.488 pages, 8½ x 11, $89.50. Revised annually

eBook (PDF) also available; $44.75 at www.craftsman-book.com

Easy Scheduling

Easy Scheduling presents you with a complete set of “real world”
scheduling tools that are specifically tailored to meet the needs of
small- to medium-sized construction businesses. Step by step, it
shows you how to use Microsoft Project to build a schedule that
will synchronize everyone’s efforts into an organized system that
becomes the foundation of all planning and communication for
all your jobs. You’ll see how to establish realistic project goals, set
checkpoints, activities, relationships and time estimates for each
task, as well as establish priorities. You’ll learn how to create a pro-
ject flowchart to keep everyone focused and on track, and see
how to use CSI (Construction Specification Institute) coding to
organize and sort tasks, methods, and materials across multiple
projects. If you want an easy way to schedule your jobs, Microsoft
Project and Easy Scheduling is the answer for you. (Does not
include Microsoft Project.) Published by BNI.
316 pages, 8½ x 11, $59.95

Code Check Complete, 2nd Edition

Every essential building, electrical and mechanical code require-
ment you’re likely to encounter when building or remodeling res-
idential and light commercial structures. Based on the 2009
International and Uniform Codes, and the 2008 and 2011 National
Electrical Code, it’s endorsed by the International Code Council.
Comes spiral-bound, with over 400 drawings, and has up-to-date
answers to your code questions. Includes quick-glance summaries
to alert you to important code changes. Compiled by code-certi-
fied building/home inspectors, this new book is like having four
guides in one — for building inspectors, design-professionals,
plan reviewers, contractors, home inspectors, educators, and do-it-
yourself homeowners. 234 pages, 6½ x 8½, $45.00

Standard Plans For Public Works Construction, 2012 Ed.

This visual reference, also updated and revised to comply with the
Federal regulations for metric documentation, is the graphic com-
panion to the “Greenbook.” Hundreds of detailed drawings, cross
sections, design criteria, and dimensions graphically depict all
aspects of public works construction. Every dimension is listed in
both feet/inches and metric equivalents. This book, along with the
“Greenbook,” sets the standard for quality and uniformity in pub-
lic works construction. 375 pages, 8½ x 11, $92.50

Greenbook Standard Specifications for
Public Works Construction 2012

The Greenbook gives approved standards for all types of public
works construction — from the depth of paving on roads to the
adhesive used on pavement markers. It standardizes public works
plans and specs to provide guidelines for both cities and contrac-
tors so they can agree on construction practices used in public
works. The book has been adopted by over 200 cities, counties,
and agencies throughout the U.S. The 2012 edition is the 16th edi-
tion of this complete reference, providing uniform standards of
quality and sound construction practice easily understood and
used by engineers, public works officials, and contractors across
the U.S. Includes hundreds of charts and tables.
550 pages, 8½ x 11, $84.50

Moving to Commercial Construction

In commercial work, a single job can keep you and your crews busy
for a year or more. The profit percentages are higher, but so is the
risk involved. This book takes you step-by-step through the process
of setting up a successful commercial business: finding work, esti-
mating and bidding, value engineering, getting through the sub-
mittal and shop drawing process, keeping a stable work force, con-
trolling costs, and promoting your business. Explains the
design/build and partnering business concepts and their advan-
tage over the competitive bid process. Includes sample letters, con-
tracts, checklists and forms that you can use in your business, plus a
CD-ROM with blank copies in several word-processing formats for
both MacTM and PC computers. 256 pages, 8½ x 11, $42.00

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Planning Drain, Waste & Vent Systems

How to design plumbing systems in residential, commercial, and
industrial buildings. Covers designing systems that meet code
requirements for homes, commercial buildings, private sewage
disposal systems, and even mobile home parks. Includes relevant
code sections and many illustrations to guide you through what
the code requires in designing drainage, waste, and vent systems.
192 pages, 8½ x 11, $29.95

Concrete Construction

Just when you think you know all there is about
concrete, many new innovations create faster,
more efficient ways to do the work. This com-
prehensive concrete manual has both the
tried-and-tested methods and materials, and
more recent innovations. It covers everything
you need to know about concrete, along with
Styrofoam forming systems, fiber reinforcing
adjuncts, and some architectural innovations,
like architectural foam elements, that can help

you offer more in the jobs you bid on. Every chapter provides
detailed, step-by-step instructions for each task, with hundreds of
photographs and drawings that show exactly how the work is
done. To keep your jobs organized, there are checklists for each
stage of the concrete work, from planning, to finishing and pro-
tecting your pours. Whether you’re doing residential or commer-
cial work, this manual has the instructions, illustrations, charts, esti-
mating data, rules of thumb and examples every contractor can
apply on their concrete jobs. 288 pages, 8½ x 11, $28.75

eBook (PDF) also available; $14.38 at www.craftsman-book.com

Steel-Frame House Construction eBook

Framing with steel has obvious advantages over
wood, yet building with steel requires new skills
that can present challenges to the wood builder.
This book explains the secrets of steel framing
techniques for building homes, whether pre-
engineered or built stick by stick. It shows you the
techniques, the tools, the materials, and how you
can make it happen. Includes hundreds of photos
and illustrations. 320 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF) and software download;
$19.88 at www.craftsman-book.com

Excavation & Grading Handbook Revised

The foreman’s, superintendent’s and operator’s
guide to highway, subdivision and pipeline jobs:
how to read plans and survey stake markings, set
grade, excavate, compact, pave and lay pipe on
nearly any job. Includes hundreds of informative,
on-the-job photos and diagrams that even expe-
rienced pros will find invaluable.This new edition
has been completely revised to be current with
state-of-the-art equipment usage and the most
efficient excavating and grading techniques.

You’ll learn how to read topo maps, use a laser level, set crows feet,
cut drainage channels, lay or remove asphaltic concrete, and use
GPS and sonar for absolute precision. For those in training, each
chapter has a set of self-test questions, and a Study Center
CD-ROM included has all 250 questions in a simple interactive for-
mat to make learning easy and fun. 512 pages, 8½ x 11, $42.00

eBook (PDF) also available; $21.00 at www.craftsman-book.com

Home Builders’ Jobsite Codes 2012

A spiral-bound, quick reference to the 2012
International Residential Code that’s filled with
easy-to-read and understand Code require-
ments for every aspect of residential construc-
tion. This user-friendly guide through the morass
of the Code is packed with illustrations, tables,
and figures, to illuminate your path to inspection
and approval. 347 pages, 5½ x 8½, $21.95

Sweets Green Building Square Foot Costbook 2015

If your customers are demanding their buildings meet LEED®

green building standards, estimating construction costs can rep-
resent quite a challenge — especially if you’ve never built a green
building before. This new book contains square foot prices for
over 50 different types of green buildings, broken down by con-
struction division. It includes articles on the cost of LEED® certifi-
cation, green roof design, and the goals of other LEED® certified
builders throughout the U.S. All of the costs in the book have been
carefully adjusted for 2015. Included are government projects, res-
idential and commercial buildings, schools and libraries, and med-
ical and recreational facilities, reflecting the vast array of “green”
materials and technologies used in construction today. If the
unknown costs of building green have kept you from bidding on
jobs you could have had, you’ll recover the cost of this book many
times over in the future job bids you’re sure to win.
204 pages, 8½ x 11, $59.95. Published by Building News Inc.

Estimating Excavation Revised eBook

How to calculate the amount of dirt you’ll have to
move and the cost of owning and operating the
machines you’ll do it with. Detailed, step-by-step
instructions on how to assign bid prices to each
part of the job, including labor and equipment
costs. Also, the best ways to set up an organized
and logical estimating system, take off from con-
tour maps, estimate quantities in irregular areas,
and figure your overhead. This revised edition
includes a chapter on earthwork estimating software. As with any
tool, you have to pick the right one. Written by an experienced dirt
contractor and instructor of computer estimating software, this
chapter covers the program types, explains how they work, gives
the basics of how to use them, and discusses what will work best
for the type of work you handle. This e-Book is the download ver-
sion of the book in text searchable, PDF format. Craftsman eBooks
are for use in the freely distributed Adobe Reader and are com-
patible with Reader 6.0 or above. 550 pages.

Available only as an eBook (PDF); $21.75, at
www.craftsman-book.com

The Blue Book Network Guide to Construction Costs 2014

The Blue Book Network Guide to Construction Costs 2014 is a
practical resource for all your construction estimating needs.
Whether the job is for general construction, remodeling, building
maintenance, or repair, the Blue Book Network Guide to
Construction Costs provides the most accurate and up-to-date
data for material and installation costs, labor and equipment rates,
and even adjusted allowances for overhead and profit. The Blue
Book also breaks down all unit and summary costs for every type
of structure … all organized in the 16-Division CSI Masterformat. It
also includes prevailing wage rates for over 400 U.S. Metropolitan
areas (based on the latest data published by the Department of
Labor), square foot costs, Americans with Disabilities costs (ADA),
production and demolition rates, energy factors, purchasing costs,
equipment rental rates and much more! 6½ x 11, $49.95

Survive & Thrive in Building

Are you ready for the housing rebound? For every home-builder
casualty of a housing recession, there’s another one still in busi-
ness. Which will you be? Business owners often learn how to run a
successful company the hard way — through trial and error. But
you don’t have to rely on this haphazard approach to
entrepreneurship. As a home builder, you can have behind you the
wisdom and experience of NAHB members who have weathered
the ups and downs of the housing cycle. This book covers basic,
but essential knowledge for running a successful company,
whether you’re new to residential construction or a veteran
builder. You’ll learn how to find a sustainable market niche, get
financing for your projects, market your homes, achieve an opti-
mal balance between sales volume and profit margin, understand
financial reports, organize and insure your company to minimize
risk, and find and keep the best employees and trade contractors.
316 pages, 10 x 7, $39.95. Published by NAHB

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� 39.50 Basic Engineering for Builders
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� 35.50 Builder’s Guide to Accounting Revised
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Building Code Compliance for Contractors & Inspectors

� 35.00 Building Contractor’s Exam Preparation Guide
� 133.50 CD Estimator
� 45.00 Code Check Complete, 2nd Edition
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� 28.75 Concrete Construction
� 49.50 Construction Estimating
� 59.50 Construction Estimating Reference Data
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� 51.95 Construction Surveying & Layout
� 79.00 Contractor’s Guide to Change Orders
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Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks 2014

� 58.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks 2012
� 57.00 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2010
� 56.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2009
� 54.75 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2008
� 53.00 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2007
� 49.75 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2005
� 48.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2004
� 47.75 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2003
� 46.50 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2002
� 45.25 Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks Pro 2001
� 49.50 Contractor’s Plain-English Legal Guide
� 65.00 Craftsman’s Construction Installation Encyclopedia
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Building Code Compliance for Contractors & Inspectors

An answer book for both contractors and build-
ing inspectors, this manual explains what it takes
to pass inspections under the 2009 International
Residential Code. It includes a checklist for every
trade, covering some of the most common rea-
sons why inspectors reject residential work: foot-
ings, foundations, slabs, framing, sheathing,
plumbing, electrical, HVAC, energy conservation
and final inspection. The requirement for each

item is explained, and the code section cited. Knowing in advance
what the inspector wants to see gives you an (almost unfair)
advantage. To pass inspection, do your own pre-inspection before
the inspector arrives. If you’re considering a career in code
enforcement, this can be your guidebook.
8½ x 11, 232 pages, $32.50

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Contractor’s Guide to QuickBooks 2014

QuickBooks 2014 has many new features that simplify a building
contractor’s bookkeeping work. You’ll wonder how you managed
without them. To help you make the most of these new features,
or to make getting set up with QuickBooks almost painless, this
user-friendly manual walks you through QuickBooks’ detailed
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rate accounting system. You’ll learn in days, rather than weeks,
how to use QuickBooks to get your contracting business orga-
nized, with simple, fast accounting procedures. But setting up
QuickBooks from scratch can be time-consuming. On the free
download included with purchase of the book you’ll find a
QuickBooks file preconfigured for a construction company. Open
it, enter your company’s data, add info on your suppliers, subs and
customers, and you’re up and running. The setup’s done for you.
288 pages, 8½ x 11, $68.50

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Title Page

Contents of This Manual
Explanation of the Cost Tables
Area Modification Factors
Building Cost Historical Index
Residential Structures Section
Single Family Residences
Manufactured Housing
Multi-Family Residences
Motels
Additional Costs for Residential Structures
Multi-Family and Motel Garages
Cabins and Recreational Dwellings
Conventional Recreational Dwellings
Additional Costs
“A-Frame” Cabins
Life in Years and Depreciation for Residences
Index

Practical References for Builders

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