Comparing and Contrasting OSI Reference Model and TCP/IP Networking Model

To create a connection between the host and the internet a communication protocol is used which is TCP/IP. On the other hand, The OSI model is used to make a connection between the end users and network. mainly OSI model is work as a gateway. OSI is developed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It acts as a communication gateway. On the other hand, TCP/IP is used for connect different type of devices to the internet which is developed by the Department of Defense (Edwards & Bramante, 2015). In OSI model has total seven layer where the TCP/IP has only 4 layer. The TCP/IP operates in mainly transport and network layer if the OSI model. The OSI model is developed as a reference model which can be employed online and the TCP/IP came from the implementation of OSI model. TCP/IP revolves in the internet. On the other hand, the OSI model is theoretical model and it is not the internet (Goralski, 2017). TCP/IP is more reliable the OSI model. TCP/IP implement use a horizontal approach where the OSI model used vertical approach. First OSI model developed model and them protocol but TCP/IP first developed protocol then model.

Hands on Project 2.3: Subnet mask calculation for the required IPV4 subnets

Hands on Project 2.5: Host address range, broadcast address calculation

Subnet calculation of IP 192.168.0.1

Subnet calculation of IP 10.0.0.1

Address resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to create IP address and MAC address mapping in the router. Mainly the ARP convert the system IP address into a MAC address for identify all devices uniquely. When a device wants to communicate with the network, the sending device sends a ARP request message which contain the IP address of the receiving device. All network devices are seeing the message but only the receiving device respond through the ARP (Younes, 2018).

ARP cache is a data source where all IP details are store. It is mainly used to connect the IP address with the MAC address for a device in a network. ARP cache accommodate all ARP request for sending packets in to the requested device in a network.

A 4: Case Study 

Introduction

ForeShore, an IT solution, wants to expand their functions and operations through connection of all branches of the organization. The private IP address of 10.0.0.0 is utilized to design the network of the organization. The connection of each department in the organization is done through creating a plan for network subnet and dividing the plan into 6 network subnets. This report focuses on the design of the network that is created for the connection of the six different departments of ForeShore. This report presents calculation for addressing solution of device interface configuration. This calculation further helps to properly communicate between different departments of Adelaide that are located in different areas. The connection of 1200 workstations across the departments of the organization will be helpful to design the network solution.

Address Resolution Protocol and ARP Cache

Network Design

Figure 1: Network Design

(Source: Created by author)

The connection of all the six sites is done through prototype of network solution which is created in a popular design tool, Cisco packet tracer 7.1. The connection of each department of the organization generally requires six different routers. The configuration of the network routers are done according to the address network plan. The connection of different departments require utilization of central router. The control list protocol is properly accessed to configure central router to either allows or block the network device. This network device is connected within the organizational network to access sensitive information stored within the network servers. In order to stop or block the unidentified request coming from different network sources, firewall is predominantly used. The central router is primarily configured with username and password to provide security to entire network of the organization against unidentified and unauthorized access of the network. The router consists of a switch that allows connection of hosts of the different branches of the organization to allow communication of branch office with different hosts of the organizational network.

IP Addressing

The proper configuration of the router interface is necessary to be done as per address table. There are different subnet of each router and thus proper IP address is created by DHCP pool for assigning IP address automatically to the network host. The proper steps for subnet mask calculation are given in the table and extra number of different IP address are needed to be reserved. This is because if network host increases then they will be able to adjust different types of network hosts. The minimization of wastage of IP address and network security enhancement can be seen due to network plan creation.

The situation when number of hosts unexpectedly jumps to 1024 buildings then in that case the routers will note be able to assign IP address to some of the hosts. The network communication will only enable if the new subnet plan is reconfigured. The proper completion of all configuration and interface related with the network router is necessary. In order to reduce the clash of current and previous network configuration it is necessary to delete the previous network. The proper elimination of the errors, if any, in the project and addition of more switches within the router is necessary for smooth connection of organizational current network. This situation is an effective solution in terms of cost in case, host jumps to 1024. This situation thus does not requires addition of new hardware. This will also result in increase of traffic within the organizational network. The management of network will be achieved through configuration of switch with VLAN and VTP.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the network solution is mainly designed for the organization, ForeShore after the proper analysis done in this report. The report presents the proper illustration for connection of central head office with different departments of the organization through current network frame. The appropriate rules and regulations is required to properly align the router with organizational business functions. The enhancement of traffic within the organizational network is achieved by increase in host in the network. Hence, the expansion of distinct VLAN should be managed for proper management of the network.

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