outline must meet the following requirements:
1. You must focus on the article selected below.
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2. Identify a communication phenomenon in the article (i.e., some kind of communication that you can see happening in the article)
3. Identify a theory that your paper will use to analyze this communication phenomena
4 Include all four sections of your paper in the outline (Introduction, Review, In-depth Analysis, & Conclusion). See the paper instructions for details on these sections.
I. Introduction to the paper
A. Point 1 covered in the introduction
B. Point 2 covered in the introduction
II. Review Section
A. Point 1 covered in review
B. Point 2 covered in review
1. Example 1 of point 2
a. details regarding example 1
b. details regarding example 1
2. Example 2 of point 2
a. details regarding example 2
b. details regarding example 2
III. In-depth Analysis
A. Point 1 covered in in-depth analysis
1. Example 1 of point 1
a. details regarding example 1
b. details regarding example 1
2. Example 2 of point 1
a. details regarding example 2
b. details regarding example 2
B. Point 2 covered in in-depth analysis
1. Example 1 of point 2
a. details regarding example 1
b. details regarding example 1
2. Example 2 of point 2
a. details regarding example 2
b. details regarding example 2
IV. Conclusion
A. Point 1 covered in the conclusion
B. Point 2 covered in the conclusion
C. Point 3 covered in the conclusion
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Live video dating: Finding love
online with an audience
By Dougal Shaw
Business reporter, BBC
News
1 September 2020
WATCH: What is live video dating and how does it work?
Television game shows have made dating a form of entertainment for the
masses for decades. More recently reality TV has adopted the genre, with
hits like Love Island and First Dates. Now the phenomenon has moved online
– and anyone can play.
“I remember it as if it were yesterday. I was so nervous to even say, ‘Hi’. The first
time I saw him smiling, my heart told me. ‘That’s the one, I’m going to make that
man happy whatever it takes.”
Ericka’s heartfelt letter (which she published on social media) recalling the
first time she met boyfriend Lex sounds like a timeless tale of love. But read
on a bit further and it becomes apparent that this is a love story with a very
modern twist:
“I think the thing that caught my attention was how he made everyone in his
stream feel important and welcomed. Not one comment was missed. He made
everyone feel like they had a purpose in his stream.”
Ericka on a live date with Lex as virtual giNs come flying in from rivals
Ericka and Lex live in the US and met on popular dating app MeetMe. Users
broadcast live from their phones and then interact with people who tune in.
This live vlogging format includes a series of live dating game shows.
Livestreamers are paired up to see if there is any chemistry between them.
Viewers comment on a “stream” underneath, in real time. In fact quite a bit of
the date can involve participants responding to these comments – a bit meta,
but handy when the conversation runs dry.
Ericka began as what’s known as a “lurker”. She watched Lex’s dates. Liking
what she saw, she plucked up the courage to comment. Then she put herself
forward for the “guest box”, meaning she herself would have a video date with
him – while others watched on.
Ericka and Lex are not the only couple to have got together this way.
Kevan and Haley are livestreaming stars on the MeetMe dating app
Thirty-eight-year-old musician Kevan and make-up artist Haley, 22, also met
on MeetMe this year.
Neither had been on other dating sites before, but they didn’t come on the
platform with the intention of “dating”, they say. They just wanted to “stream”
and meet people.
Haley started streaming “to share my positive energy”.
She watched popular livestreamers for inspiration and saw Kevan. “I promised I
would never catch feelings, but when something is right in your gut, you take
it,” she remembers.
Like Ericka, she appreciated the way she could see how Kevan behaved with
different types of people on the app, which gave her a measure of him as a
person.
When they met for the first time offline, in Orlando, Florida, Haley says it was
“a dream come true”.
“Every second was perfect. God has blessed me in so many ways, but Kevan is
my favourite prayer that he has answered.”
They still stream together on the platform individually and as a star couple.
Sometimes they even take part in “dates” with other people, on the
understanding that “nothing can go beyond a crush”.
Dating goes live and public
MeetMe is part of a suite of dating apps run by US company The Meet Group.
Others include Skout, Tagged (which focuses on an African-American
audience) and LOVOO (an app developed in Germany, which MeetMe bought).
Between them they have more than 15 million users and on average 180,000
dating games are played each day, with more than one million people
watching the live dates unfold – mainly in the US, though some in the UK too.
The group’s chief executive Geoff Cook describes the platforms as “a public
version of speed dating” and compares them to Twitch, where huge audiences
watch computer gamers play and interact with their favourite stars.
A live date taking place on the MeetMe app
Like Twitch, the most popular “daters” can make money, as audiences send
them virtual giNs – suitably romantic, like roses and chocolates – which can be
converted to cash.
You buy a virtual giN like you would buy someone a drink at a bar, to get that
person’s attention, explains Cook.
Though a top livestreaming dater can make close to $1m (£750,000) a year,
Cook says the vast majority don’t make much money. Most users are there to
flirt, have fun and find a real-life partner in their locality.
Some users are also there to harass and leave lewd comments. So the
livestreams are monitored by both human moderators and computer soNware,
searching for abusive language.
“Dating apps have been evolving toward ever-increasing authenticity and
nothing is more authentic than live video,” says Cook. Lockdown has
accelerated that trend, making people accustomed to live video calls for
remote work and keeping in touch with family members, he reckons.
The number of dating games being played on the apps has nearly doubled
since lockdown.
Voyeurism
“It’s fascinating to think where the live video dating trend came from,” says
dating expert Charly Lester.
It first got big in China with the Momo app, she says, even though the country
has such a different culture to the US.
Lester wrote a popular dating blog in London for many years and has since
worked as a consultant for dating companies.
She is not surprised by the rise of live video dating and the voyeurism that
goes with it.
Charly Lester wrote a popular blog about her dating experiences
“When I first started my dating blog, I thought the only people who would be
interested were other singles, but you suddenly realise that dating is
something that fascinates everyone, even people in couples.”
Being in the audience for a date on an app allows you to “test the waters”, she
says.
There is still a little bit of a stigma around dating sites and the “gamification”
of it helps to get round this, she thinks.
Lester reckons live dating with an audience is a new trend that will prove
popular beyond specialist apps like MeetMe, though more formal dating
platforms, which use detailed questionnaires to match people, may resist it.
Plenty of Fish is a mainstream dating site currently offering live dating
experiences. Badoo also recently experimented with the idea.
Instagram Live
Meanwhile, some aspiring dating stars are using other social media platforms
to create their own live dating shows.
Urszula Makowska, 25, was growing increasingly disillusioned with New York’s
online dating scene.
The fashion blogger was ready to give up on apps like Tinder, but lockdown
proved a turning point.
Her friends decided – with her consent – to find some eligible bachelors, then
set up a series of live dates on Instagram, using her account.
A few other influencers had broadcast dates this way too and dating app
Bumble had created a weekly chat show on Instagram Live called Virtual
Dating Dial In.
Some men declined the date with Urszula when they learned it would be
broadcast live.
An advert for Urszula’s dating show on Instagram Live
Those who took part had their charm rated by Urszula’s thousands of
followers, who voted on whether there would be a second date.
Urszula says the feedback has changed her approach to dating.
She learned that she oNen cuts men off mid-sentence and is now a better
listener.
She also learned to be more open-minded about the kind of person she was
looking for.
One of Urszula’s dates turns raunchy and the viewers seem to love it
But was the project really about finding love, or finding new followers? She is
aNer all a social media influencer, who grows more powerful as her audience
increases.
“You don’t do it to grow your followers, that’s not cool,” says Urszula.
Post-date analysis
Since the outbreak of coronavirus people are no longer satisfied with “a
shallow interaction like swiping and a handful of text messages”, says Geoff
Cook of the Meet Group.
Video has become by default a way to filter out people you have met on apps,
to decide who you actually want to meet in person, he says.
But broadcasting these video dates themselves, as entertainment to
spectators, is that not a little, well, shallow?
The usual criticism of dating apps is the excess of choice, says Cook. This
makes people restless and unlikely to commit to a relationship.
Observing how someone behaves in a livestream means you get to know the
person better, he says. “And once you’ve connected with someone, how you
met is secondary.”
Matching couples can win things like restaurant vouchers on MeetMe
Kevan and Haley, who are both committed Christians, agree on this. Asked if
they would be happy to tell any future grandchildren that they met on a live
online date, Haley says: “Everyone’s scared or embarrassed to say we met on
Tinder, or whatever, because they think people use these apps for bad reasons,
but this is our truth so it’s what we’re going to say.”
“The cool thing about livestreaming, and Haley knows this,” says Kevan, “is we
weren’t looking for love. I was committed to being single, and she changed
that.”
You can follow Dougal on Twitter: @dougalshawbbc
You may also be interested in:
Lorna is part of a growing trend for over-50s to use dating apps
Thanks to trailblazers like Tinder, online dating has gone mainstream. And
mature daters want in on the action too. Lorna is 62 and lives in Edinburgh
where she works as a PA. She is a divorcee with children and grandchildren and
is still looking for love. “You come home from work, you want to be talking to
someone about your day, it’s good for your mental health,” she explains. “It’s
the reason why I’m still dating at my age.” Read more here.
Related Topics
Dating apps Dating Online dating
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The purpose of this paper is to:
1. Increase your knowledge of how theory explains communication phenomena.
2. Challenge you to apply theoretical ideas to real life events/experiences.
3. Help you learn how theory is tested and shaped through empirical research.
4. Develop your skills for doing library and database research in the social sciences.
OVERVIEW
You will be provided several news stories about current events by your assigned TA. You need to choose one of these stories. In a 5-8 page paper, you need to identify, review, and apply a specific communication theory to the people, events, or issues that are involved in the news story.
SPECIFICS – PART I: BACKGROUND WORK
Step 1
Consider which news story to focus on. You will ultimately need to choose one news story from the stories your TA assigns to you. Each TA will have a different set of stories, so you can only choose from the ones your own TA assigns to your section.
Step 2
Brainstorm communication topics. You will utilize one theory to explain something that is going on in the news story. However, it’s likely the case that you don’t know all the theories yet (at least, not by name). So, in order to find a theory, first read the news stories several times and think of any topics related to communication (in general) that you see. This could include various topics, such as conflict resolution, ingroup/outgroup interaction, media effects, agenda setting, nonverbal communication, technology and interpersonal relationships, selective attention to media, emotion, and persuasion. These are just a few of the many topics you might find. If you’ve taken Comm 1, you can also think back to any topics you remember from that class. The communication topics you find can help you determine which theory to use in your paper.
Step 3
Use the literature to help you find possible theories. Once you have some good communication topics/terms/concepts in mind, start thinking about which of the theories we’ve discussed might help you analyze the communication you see in happening in the article. There are several ways to find a good theory for this paper. You can look through the assigned readings posted on GauchoSpace to see if any of the theories sound promising. But be careful not to just pick the first theory you see. You can also scour the research literature for sources (e.g., journal articles, book chapters) that focus on your topic of interest. You can search for a particular theory name if you already have a theory in mind (e.g., Social Cognitive Theory, Groupthink, Elaboration Likelihood Model). This can help you explore the numerous theories that might be appropriate for the type of communication you want to analyze.
Helpful Tip: Be sure to download and save the articles you read while you’re doing your research. Save the articles as PDFs. It’s easy to forget where you found an article. Saving downloaded articles can save you a lot of time in the long run.
Step 4
Focus on one particular theory. Ultimately, you need to pick one theory that you think has something valuable, insightful, or interesting to say about the issues, events or people involved in the news story. The theory you select might not a “perfect fit,” and that’s okay! Not every
1 of 4
aspect of a theory will apply to the situation in your selected new articles. Likewise, the situation in your news article might be so multifaceted that many theories could potentially apply. Your goal is to apply your theory as best you can to the situation. In the end, the goal is for you to “see something new” in the news story based on your knowledge of your selected theory.
Step 5
You’re also strongly encouraged to find additional sources that could help you provide depth and richness to the points you make in your paper. Such additional sources might be other articles, book chapters, or textbooks that give you helpful information about the theory.
SPECIFICS – PART II: ORGANIZING THE PAPER INTO THE FOUR MAJOR SECTIONS
1. Introduction
Write a comprehensive introduction that informs the reader of the main ideas in the paper with a clear thesis statement and preview. Try to make your introduction both informative and engaging. Be sure to identify the communication issue/topic that arises from the people or events in the story and the theory that will help to explain it. It is possible that your introduction will require more than one paragraph.
Helpful Tip: The main ideas to be presented in your thesis statement are those you will cover in the In-Depth Application and Analysis section. Thus, you might not be able to construct your introductory paragraph(s) until after your write that section of your paper.
2. Review
In this section, you need to summarize your selected theory and its main ideas. In approximately 2-3 paragraphs, you need to articulate the critical elements of your theory and how scholars have used the theory in research. This can be harder than it seems given that theories can be quite complex.
For this section, you’ll need to draw upon the course readings, but the strongest papers will also provide additional sources (e.g., journal articles, books, edited book chapters). “Peer-reviewed” sources are, by far, the best types of sources to rely on when writing this section. Avoid theory summaries you find on websites—the information on websites might be highly unreliable. We’ll discuss what “peer-reviewed” means throughout the quarter. We’ll also discuss tips for how to review theories in your paper.
3. In-Depth Application and Analysis
This section represents the heart of the paper! Across several paragraphs, you need to discuss how this theory and its terms/concepts would explain or apply to the communication you observe in the news article. Be as specific, thorough, and thoughtful as possible.
When thinking about this section, ask yourself questions such as these (you do not have to cover ALL of these):
o In what specific ways does this theory provide me with new understanding of these events,
people, or behaviors?
o What aspects of the events or behaviors does the theory explain well, and why?
o What lessons can people potentially learn from viewing the news events through the lens of
your chosen theory?
o In what ways might the theory fall short in helping to understand these events/behaviors?
2 of 4
As you think through your answers to these types of questions, you should begin to see potential main ideas emerge for you to write about in your paper. One you arrive at the 3-4 main ideas you want to focus on, you should start thinking about those main ideas as arguments. That is, each main idea is a claim that you need to support with evidence. You claim is only as good as the evidence you provide to support it!
So, where can you find evidence to support your claims? The answer, once again, is your peer- reviewed sources.
Ultimately, the goal in this section is to show that you gained new and valuable insights into the events in the news story based on your newly-acquired knowledge of communication theory. In addition to the clarity of your main ideas, we’ll be assessing this section on the quality of the arguments you make in support of your main ideas.
4. Conclusion
In 1-2 paragraphs, you should review the main points you covered in the paper. Strong conclusions, when possible, provide the reader with thought-providing statements on the topics you wrote about in In-Depth Application and Analysis section.
REQUIREMENTS AND POLICIES
Format
The paper should be 5-8 pages of text (not counting title page and references). Your title page should have your name, Perm #, course name (i.e.,, and TA Name. You do NOT need an abstract for this paper. The paper should be typed, double- spaced, page-numbered, with 1″ margins and Times New Roman 12-point font. Please use APA formatting throughout the paper. Note that Word’s default settings are usually wrong for this assignment (margins too big, font too small, extra line spaces inserted after paragraphs, etc.), so you’ll need to change these settings. If you have questions about formatting, don’t’ hesitate to ask! All papers should also have proper spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Problematic writing mechanics hinder the clarity of your ideas and the strength of the arguments, and will therefore detract from the paper score.
APA Style Citations and Plagiarism
Since this assignment requires you to make good use of the thoughts, writings, and work of others, proper citations are essential. Your paper must follow APA style (not MLA) for in-text citations and for your reference list. You will find some guidelines for APA style on GauchoSpace. We will also review key features of APA formatting.
Plagiarism will result in a failing grade in the course and further disciplinary action consistent with student conduct code (see syllabus for details). Be especially carefully not to “borrow” from another student’s paper, as this is also plagiarism (whether or not specific words have been changed). In short, do your own work.
You must also be sure to write your paper on one of the exact news stories that your TA assigns to you. If you write about a story not assigned to your section, your paper will receive a zero grade.
Turning in Papers – Submit to GauchoSpace
All papers must be submitted electronically to GauchoSpace.
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Papers must be submitted online on the specified date. Late papers are marked down 10 points per day late (see syllabus for additional details). Double check to make sure you uploaded the correct file! We can only grade what you submit. Be sure not to accidentally submit an older draft or the wrong file. Again, we can only grade what you submit. Always keep a copy of your paper on hand for your records as well. In cases of serious emergency, please notify your instructor and/or TA as soon as possible, and we will proceed from there depending on the nature of the emergency.
GRADING CRITERIA
Your score will be based on how well your paper, compared to other students’ papers, shows: 1. depth of analysis in using course concepts and outside research, 2. effectiveness at articulating and supporting arguments, 3. accurate and thorough understanding of course material and outside research, 4. University-level writing and organization, and 5. adherence to the instructions.
Note that we do not deduct points from your paper, but rather you earn points for writing with clearer understanding and for making better, stronger, more insightful arguments than other papers do. It’s often unclear what a truly excellent paper will look like until we read the papers that are turned in. We anticipate that “average” papers will receive the equivalent of about a B-/C+ grade. The papers that tend to end up in that top range are the ones that apply the theory and discuss the research not only with accuracy, but also with depth, insight, and strong organization.
