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Experiment 1The Chemistry of Fireworks
Experiment Inventory
Materials
5 mL Calcium Chloride Solution (CaCl2)
5 mL Lithium Chloride Solution (LiCl)
5 mL Potassium Chloride Solution (KCl)
5 mL Sodium Chloride Solution (NaCl)
Matches
Modeling Clay
3 Birthday Candles
Labware
4 Inoculating Loops
EXPERIMENT 1: THE CHEMISTRY OF FIREWORKS
In this experiment, the flame from a birthday candle is the outside energy source. The flame emits a broad range of energy, but
the electrons of the atom being heated will absorb only specific amounts of energy.
LAB SAFETY: Wear your safety glasses and choose an area that is well-ventilated (yet not windy), and have
a fire extinguisher nearby. The candle should be on a flat surface. Matches, chemicals, and candle wax can
cause a fire or burns to skin, clothing, or lab materials. Do not place any body part, loose clothing, or other
flammable items in or near the flame. Never leave any burning fuel unattended!
PROCEDURE
1. Place a round piece of clay on the straight end of each inoculating loop. This will act as a holder.
2. Place in order the LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 solutions. Set one inoculating loop next to each
sample.
3. Stabilize one birthday candle by placing the base of it in a piece of clay that is about 1 inch by 1
inch by 1 inch. The candle should stand freely and vertically (Figure 11).The other two candles
are to be used if the first one burns down to the clay.
4. Use the matches to light the stabilized birthday candle. Hold the inoculating loop for the LiCl at
the very end of the non-looped end in order to avoid burns. Heat the looped end in the candle
flame until its loop is faintly orange and any coating is burned off (Figure 11).
CAUTION: Lit matches and candles can cause a fire or burns to skin and/or clothing if the flame comes into
contact with skin or clothes. Be sure you have your safety glasses on!
5. Dip the loop into the LiCl solution.
Figure 11: Experiment setup
and flame technique.
CAUTION: The loop will remain extremely hot for several minutes following being in the flame. Do not touch
the loop!
6. Bring the looped end of the inoculating loop into the flame. Make observations about what is happening, especially any color
changes.
Hint: The color change will be most apparent around the edges of the flame. You may have to try this a few
times to see the color change.
7. Extinguish the candle, and record your observations in Table 1 on the Experiment 1 Data Sheet.
8. Repeat Steps 4–7 for each of the other three solutions. Use a different inoculating loop for each one.
9. When you’re done, take a photo of your experiment set up. Remember to include your name and lab access code
handwritten in the background of the photo. To clean up, you may throw away the inoculating loops after they have cooled to
room temperature.
Lab 5 Electron Configuration CHEM101L
Student Name: Click here to enter text.
Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit):
Pre-Lab Questions
1. What is electron configuration?
2. How is the light emitted by an atom related to its electron configuration?
Data
Table 1: Results of firework material ignition
Substance
Observations
Lithium Chloride
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Sodium Chloride
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Potassium Chloride
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Calcium Chloride
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Post-Lab Questions
1. Write out the electron configurations for each of the following elements. Potassium is already done as an example for you. HINT: The periodic table is very helpful and can be used as a guide.
Element
Electron Configuration
K
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
Li
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Na
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Ca
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2. What is the approximate wavelength of light emitted by each of the salts?
Salt
Color
Wavelength
LiCl
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Click here to enter text.
NaCl
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Click here to enter text.
KCl
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Click here to enter text.
CaCl2
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3. Why does a salt compound give off light or a colored flame when burned?
4. Did sodium chloride and potassium chloride give off similar colors? Why or why not?
Insert photo of your completed lab with your name and access code handwritten in the background:
