In this assignment, students will pull together the change proposal project components they have been working on throughout the course to create a proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the course. At the conclusion of this project, the student will be able to apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future practice.
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Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal:
- Background
- Problem statement
- Purpose of the change proposal
- PICOT
- Literature search strategy employed
- Evaluation of the literature
- Applicable change or nursing theory utilized
- Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures
- Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome
- Appendix section, if tables, graphs, surveys, educational materials, etc. are created
Review the feedback from your instructor on the Topic 3 assignment, PICOT Statement Paper, and Topic 6 assignment, Literature Review. Use the feedback to make appropriate revisions to the portfolio components before submitting.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Rubic_Print_
| Format |
| Course Code |
Class Code |
Assignment Title |
Total Points |
| NRS-433V |
NRS-433V-O501 |
PICOT Question and Literature Search |
120.0 |
| Criteria |
Percentage |
Unsatisfactory (0.00%) |
Less than Satisfactory (75.00%) |
Satisfactory (83.00%) |
Good (94.00%) |
Excellent (100.00%) |
Comments |
Points Earned |
| Content |
80.0% |
| Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement |
20.0% |
A nursing practice problem is not clearly described and/or a PICOT statement is not included. |
PICOT statement describes a nursing practice problem but lacks reliable sources. |
PICOT statement describes a nursing practice problem and includes a few reliable sources. |
PICOT statement articulates a nursing practice problem using supporting information from reliable sources. |
PICOT statement clearly articulates a nursing practice problem using substantial supporting information from numerous reliable sources. |
| Qualitative and Quantitative Research Requirements: At least six references with the abstracts of research studies focus on a selected nursing practice problem. |
60.0% |
Research articles that address the selected nursing practice problem are not identified. |
Fewer than six articles that address a selected nursing practice problem are listed in the literature search, but two or more are not research studies. Abstracts are incomplete. |
Six articles that address a selected nursing practice problem are listed in the literature search, but two are not research studies. Abstracts are partially complete. |
Six articles that address a selected nursing practice problem are listed in the literature search, but one is not a research study. Abstracts are mostly complete. |
Six articles that address a selected nursing practice problem are listed in the literature search and include abstracts. |
| Organization and Effectiveness |
|
|
| 10.0% |
| Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) |
10.0%
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. |
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present. |
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. |
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. |
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. |
Format 10.0%
| Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) |
10.0%
Sources are not documented. |
Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. |
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. |
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. |
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. |
| Total Weightage |
100% |
Literature Evaluation Table
Student’s name: Liliana Faura
University affiliation: GCU
Date: 12/15/219
|
|
Criteria
|
Article 1
|
Article 2
|
Article 3
|
Article 4
|
|
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
|
Weller, S. C., Baer, R., Nash, A., & Perez, N. (2017). Discovering successful strategies for diabetic self-management: a qualitative comparative study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 5(1), e000349. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5530238/
|
Ryninks, K., Sutton, E., Thomas, E., Jago, R., Shield, J. P., & Burren, C. P. (2015). Attitudes to exercise and diabetes in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis. PloS one, 10(10), e0137562.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0137562
|
Fink, A., Fach, E. M., & Schröder, S. L. (2019). ‘Learning to shape life’–a qualitative study on the
challenges posed by a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. International journal for equity in health, 18(1), 19.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6346523/
Messina, J., Campbell, S., Morris, R., Eyles, E., & Sanders, C. (2017). A narrative systematic review of factors affecting diabetes prevention in primary care settings. PloS one, 12(5), e0177699.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0177699
|
|
Article Title and Year Published
|
The article relates to the PICOT question as it describes the strategies that can be used in managing diabetes.
|
The article relates to the PICOT question as it discusses attitudes and exercises that can be used by young people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
|
The article relates to the PICOT question as it provides about challenges of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2
|
The article relates to the PICOT question as it discusses the factors that affect diabetes prevention in a primary care setting.
|
|
|
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
|
What strategies can be used in diabetic self-management?
Aim: to explore patients lifestyle in good and poor control to identify practices and strategies that lead to a successful diabetes management
|
What’s young people’s attitudes to physical activity on glycaemic control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Aim: to investigate attitudes of young people to and understanding of physical activity on glycaemic control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
|
What are the challenges associated with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for those affected
Aim: To investigate the challenges that are associated with type 2 diabetes diagnosis
|
What are the factors related to the delivery and uptake of type 2 diabetes prevention interventions
Aim: To understand the factors that are related to delivery and uptake of type 2 diabetes prevention intervention
|
|
|
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
|
|
|
This article is qualitative research
|
This article is a qualitative analysis
|
This article is a qualitative study
|
This article is a narrative systematic review
|
|
|
Setting/Sample
|
Healthcare setting- university-affiliated Family Medicine Clinics in Galveston, Texas
|
The Bristol and Weston Paediatric Diabetes Service
|
Halle/Saale, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
|
|
|
Healthcare setting
|
|
|
Methods: Intervention/Instruments
|
Open-ended questions
|
Use of focus groups
|
Interview
s
|
Revision inclusion and exclusion criteria
|
|
|
Analysis
|
The ideas presented were coded and verified independently. AIC was acquired from patient medical records. The ideas and themes were also estimated for each three glycemic control groups
|
The focus groups were transcribed by a research assistant and the patient identifiable details were removed. Super-ordinate and master themes were developed through refining and clustering
|
Personal data was protected by pseudonyms. Data management and analyses were done with the use of MAXQDA software. Data was broken down into parts, examined and compared.
|
The traditional systematic reviews focused on the measure of effectiveness which helped in the provision of good quality evidence-based data. data analysis was guided by narrative synthesis and thematic analysis
|
|
|
Key Findings
|
Patients who did not their medications as prescribed were in poor control. Patients who tested two or more times a day were in good control.
|
Exercises helped in managing young people’s diabetes. Difficulties at school and misunderstandings were reported to impact diabetes in their life.
|
Diabetes mellitus type 2 affected professional and private life. The process of learning to shape life was the central phenomenon for the participants who were interviewed.
|
The risks of diabetes were linked with family history, obesity, and lifestyle. Other factors identified were diet and physical activity. Some participants stated that diabetes progression was linked to genetics, stress and social isolation while others believed that diabetes was widespread.
|
|
|
Recommendations
|
More emphasis on the importance of information and accuracy should be improved.
|
More opportunities should be provided to empower young people to take on responsibility for their Type 1 Diabetes
|
Structured diabetes education should be accessible to all persons with T2DM
|
Further research is needed for the prevention and optimal provision of knowledge for patients and professionals.
|
|
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project
|
It identified lifestyle strategies that can help manage type 2 diabetes.
|
It supports the project as it promoted awareness of the physical and psychological benefits of exercise in managing diabetes
|
It supports the project as it has provided recommendations on self-management to control diabetes.
|
It has identified factors that can be used in preventing diabetes in primary care.
|
Criteria
|
Article 5
|
Article 6
|
Article 7
|
Article 8
|
Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
Glechner, A., Keuchel, L., Affengruber, L., Titscher, V., Sommer, I., Matyas, N., … & Gartlehner, G. (2018). Effects of lifestyle changes on adults with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary care diabetes, 12(5), 393-408.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751991818301967
Chen, J., Jing, X., Liu, X., Volkmann, A. M., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., … & Han, N. (2019). Assessment of factors affecting diabetes management in the City Changing Diabetes (CCD) study in Tianjin. PloS one, 14(2), e0209222.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209222
Gehlawat, M., Naik, B. N., Lakshminarayanan, S., & Kar, S. S. (2018). Dietary practices and barriers to dietary modification among diabetics and hypertensives in a rural health service area of Puducherry: A qualitative study. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 7(3), 139.
http://www.ijhas.in/article.asp?issn=2278-344X;year=2018;volume=7;issue=3;spage=139;epage=144;aulast=Gehlawat
Worku, A., Abebe, S. M., & Wassie, M. M. (2015). Dietary practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients: a cross sectional hospital based study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SpringerPlus, 4(1), 15.
https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40064-015-0785-1
Article Title and Year Published
|
The article relates to the PICOT question as it discusses the effects that lifestyle changes on prediabetes in adults.
|
The article relates to the PICOT question as it assesses the factors that affect the management of diabetes.
|
The article relates to the PICOT question as it describes the dietary practices and barriers that exist in modifying diet among diabetic patients
|
The article relates to the PICOT question it assesses about the dietary practices and factors that are associated with type 2 diabetic patients
|
Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
|
What are the effects of lifestyle changes on adults with prediabetes
Aim: to assess lifestyle intervention in comparison with treatment in people with prediabetes
|
What are the factors that affect diabetes management in the City Changing Diabetes in Tianjin
Aim: identification of local levels of vulnerability among patients with Type-11 diabetes in Tianjin
|
What are the dietary practices and barriers presented to dietary modification among diabetes hypertensive
Aim: to describe awareness of healthy dietary practices among diabetic patients
|
What are the dietary practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients
Aim: To describe the dietary management amongst type 2 diabetic patients
|
Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
|
This article is a meta-analysis research
|
This article is qualitative research
This article is qualitative research
This article is a cross-sectional research
|
Setting/Sample
Healthcare setting
Healthcare setting in Tianjin
|
Healthcare setting
Outpatient Department of Yekatit 12 Medical College Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
|
Methods: Intervention/Instruments
|
Literature analysis
|
Interview
|
Focus group discussion
|
Use of questionnaire and interview
|
Analysis
|
Evidence was summarized by a narrative format due to the insufficiency of data for meta-analysis. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger’s regression intercept and Kendall’s S static.
|
The records were transcribed into text and imported into NVivo software. It was analyzed according to TCA.
|
Transcripts were reviewed independently by the authors by the iterative process. intuitive coding was used for manual content analysis
|
Data were analyzed manually for completeness. The independent variables were selected into the model-based in the literature, conceptual framework and effect on their analysis
|
Key Findings
|
Individuals with prediabetes who received lifestyle intervention had a 54% lower risk of progression to type 2 diabetes than people receiving the usual treatment.
|
After summarization of themes, it was concluded that certain situations influenced wellbeing, health or emotions. Low literacy was identified as a factor that limited the ability of participants to manage their disease effectively.
|
The dietary modification was identified as essential if it makes an impact on sugar control. Support from family members was identified as a determinant of change in dietary behavior.
|
21.4% of the population had poor dietary practice. 16.6% of the respondents provided that foods were not prepared based on their disease.
|
Recommendations
|
Individuals with type 2 diabetes should consider lifestyle intervention as it is a safe and cost-effective means.
|
Specific interventions that target an individual patient, family, community and society are needed in improving diabetes control
|
Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes should eradicate barriers such as consuming unhealthy foods.
|
Healthcare services should empower patients to heal themselves by facilitating lifestyle changes through the use of health promotion.
|
|
Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone
|
It has provided that lifestyle intervention is the safest method that can be used in reducing diabetes.
|
It supports the capstone as it has provided interventions that can be used in improving diabetes control
|
It has provided the importance of dietary self-management in controlling diabetes
|
It was suggested that the production of vegetables and fruits will help in reducing diabetes.
|
References
Chen, J., Jing, X., Liu, X., Volkmann, A. M., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., … & Han, N. (2019). Assessment of factors affecting diabetes management in the City Changing Diabetes (CCD) study in Tianjin. PloS one, 14(2), e0209222.
Fink, A., Fach, E. M., & Schröder, S. L. (2019). ‘Learning to shape life’–a qualitative study on the
challenges posed by a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. International journal for equity in health, 18(1), 19.
Gehlawat, M., Naik, B. N., Lakshminarayanan, S., & Kar, S. S. (2018). Dietary practices and barriers to dietary modification among diabetics and hypertensives in a rural health service area of Puducherry: A qualitative study. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 7(3), 139.
Glechner, A., Keuchel, L., Affengruber, L., Titscher, V., Sommer, I., Matyas, N., … & Gartlehner, G. (2018). Effects of lifestyle changes on adults with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary care diabetes, 12(5), 393-408.
Messina, J., Campbell, S., Morris, R., Eyles, E., & Sanders, C. (2017). A narrative systematic review of factors affecting diabetes prevention in primary care settings. PloS one, 12(5), e0177699.
Ryninks, K., Sutton, E., Thomas, E., Jago, R., Shield, J. P., & Burren, C. P. (2015). Attitudes to exercise and diabetes in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis. PloS one, 10(10), e0137562.
Weller, S. C., Baer, R., Nash, A., & Perez, N. (2017). Discovering successful strategies for diabetic self-management: a qualitative comparative study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 5(1), e000349.
Worku, A., Abebe, S. M., & Wassie, M. M. (2015). Dietary practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients: a cross sectional hospital based study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SpringerPlus, 4(1), 15.
© 2015. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
© 2017. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW
1
LITERATURE REVIEW
5
Literature Review
Name: Liliana Faura
Course: NRS-490
Professor: Tish Dorman
Date: 1/12/2020
Introduction
The continued prevalence of type II diabetes has been blame d on sedentary lifestyle, but for a long time now, health experts have suggested dietary and lifestyle changes to reverse the trend, which may include but no limited to healthy eating and regular exercise. Scholars and clinicians have been evaluating the impact of the obesity on individuals and resources dedicated to curb the problem as not confined only to health impacts such as various types of diabetes and high-blood pressure, but also economic-wise. To shed more light on the issue of type II diabetes, this review compares the research questions, sample population, and limitation of various research studies regarding the topic of dietary and lifestyles changes for type 2 diabetic patients.
Comparison of Research Questions
According to Czupryniak et al (2010), the underlying question for the question is the impact of bariatric surgery on morbidly obese type II patients. However, as compared to Brun et al (2008), seek to answer the question of the targeted endurance training as weight reduction as well as fitness strategy on type II diabetic patients. Similarly, Umpierre (2011) seeks to determine the difference between physical activity exercise and structured exercise training on the regulation of glucose on type two patients. While prior scholars have dealt with lifestyles changes and surgery, Asemi et (2011) sought to answer the question of the impacts of “multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.” While surgery is not a common way of managing weight for diabetic patients Picot et al (2012) echoes Czupryniak et al (2010) in trying to answer the question of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery as a way of managing weight on diabetic patients. Evidently, both lifestyle and dietary changes are some of the strategies used to manage complications associated with type II diabetes but there are other uncongenial ways such as bariatric surgery to manage weight in diabetic patients.
Comparison of Sample Populations
Picot et al (2012) searched 17 electronic sources, which is an according to the scholars, the meta-analysis was carried out strictly on studies that met criteria of the subject matter. Conversely Asemi et al (2013) randomly selected a sample size of 54 diabetic patients for their research. While the two studies use different reach methods, it is evident that quantitative research is more reliable in terms of sample size that qualitative research. Also, Brun and colleagues randomly selected 25 diabetic patients for their study, which pales only three (3) patients selected by Czupryniak and colleagues. Comparatively, Ninot et al (2011) randomly selected a total of 38 diabetic patients for their study, but the difference between this study and others is that, most of the selected patients were severely sick and hospitalized. It can, therefore, be posited that the study results differed with those with moderately-ill patients. Conversely, Rubino et al (2016) selected a total of 48 international scholars and clinician on their study on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery on type II diabetic patients, which is departure from previous studies which focused majorly on patients as population samples.
Comparison of the Limitations of the Study
The study by Rubino and colleagues was limited by the fact that bariatric surgery is not yet included as one of the ways of helping patients with type 2 diabetes. According to the researchers, bariatric surgery could be effective in tackling obesity but there are reimbursement policies to support the same. Similarly, a study by Czupryniak and colleagues was limited experience on bariatric surgery, which according to the scholars has demonstrated unequivocal success in helping diabetic patients. Li et al (2012) study was limited by difference in terms exercise duration and exercise duration. Also, Picot and colleagues’ study was limited by the accuracy of the electronic sources, which according to the scholars came from inconsistent citations. Studies such as Brun’s and colleagues were limited by the respondent bias, where in some instances, patients gave inaccurate responses to the questions.
Conclusion
Diabetes is an epidemic that continues that continue to overwhelm the health sector as well as ability to diagnose different types of the disease. While research has been focused on how to treat patients with diabetes, there are other complications, such as obesity, that require different approaches of treatment. Clinicians and scholars, however, recommend dietary and lifestyle changes as prevention measure, but recent development in the field of clinical medicine as focused bariatric surgery as one of the approaches of treating obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Hence, owing to the limited experience in the area, there is a need to advance research to explore the effectiveness of bariatric surgery on type II diabetic patients.
References
Asemi, Z., Zare, Z., Shakeri, H., Sabihi, S., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2013). Effect of Multispecies Probiotic Supplements on Metabolic Profiles, hs-CRP, and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 63(1-2), 1–9. doi:10.1159/000349922
Brun, J.-F., Bordenave, S., Mercier, J., Jaussent, A., Picot, M.-C., & Préfaut, C. (2008). Cost-sparing effect of twice-weekly targeted endurance training in type 2 diabetics: A one-year controlled randomized trial. Diabetes & Metabolism, 34(3), 258–265. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2008.01.010
Czupryniak, L., Wiszniewski, M., Szymański, D., Pawłowski, M., Loba, J., & Strzelczyk, J. (2010). Long-Term Results of Gastric Bypass Surgery in Morbidly Obese Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Obesity Surgery, 20(4), 506–508. doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0074-6
Li, J., Zhang, W., Guo, Q., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Dong, R., … Yu, D. (2012). Duration of Exercise as a Key Determinant of Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 227(4), 289–296. doi:10.1620/tjem.227.289
Ninot, G., Moullec, G., Picot, M. C., Jaussent, A., Hayot, M., Desplan, M., … Prefaut, C. (2011). Cost-saving effect of supervised exercise associated to COPD self-management education program. Respiratory Medicine, 105(3), 377–385. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2010.10.002
Picot, J., Jones, J., Colquitt, J. L., Loveman, E., & Clegg, A. J. (2012). Weight Loss Surgery for Mild to Moderate Obesity: A Systematic Review and Economic Evaluation. Obesity Surgery, 22(9), 1496–1506. doi:10.1007/s11695-012-0679-z
Rubino, F., Nathan, D. M., Eckel, R. H., Schauer, P. R., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Zimmet, P. Z., … Cummings, D. E. (2016). Metabolic Surgery in the Treatment Algorithm for Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Statement by International Diabetes Organizations. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 12(6), 1144–1162. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.05.018
Umpierre, D. (2011). Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA1cLevels in Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA, 305(17), 1790. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.576
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT
1
PICOT STATEMENT
2
Picot Statement
Liliana Faura
GCU
Professional Capstone and Practicum
12/08/2019
PICOT Statement
P- Patients who have diabetes.
I – Implementation specifically on dietary and lifestyle changes.
C- Comparisons of levels before and after lifestyle and dietary modifications.
O- Outcome whether there will be a reduction in levels.
T- The time frame is usually three months after initial diagnosis
PICOT Statement: Diabetic Condition in Patients.
Introduction
According to the World Health Organization, diabetes is one of the most serious conditions that affect a significant percentage of individuals in the worldwide population. It is estimated that more than 400 million people in the world are likely to be diagnosed with diabetes, while those that have not been diagnosed totaling to the same number. Although diabetes can be attributed to hereditary conditions during a person’s life, what is more, devastating is the increase in cases of diabetes type II, which is usually preventable, affecting more than 90% of individuals with diabetic conditions in the world (Abbade et al., 2017). This put a lot of questions on the effectiveness of the current assessment techniques and procedures applied to control the condition in the world. Diabetes II is usually attributed to a high intake of processed foods that are mostly sugary.
Picot Statement
Population
Adults with early type II diabetes are more likely to be obese, whereby most of them are usually women. The type II diabetes is an epidemic especially in the US whereby it is estimated to have increased by 70% in adults. Research has estimated that close to 80% of individuals with diabetic conditions live in middle and low-income countries (Abbade et al., 2017). China had the highest number of individuals with diabetes, followed by India with more than 10% of individuals with diabetic conditions. Over the last three decades, there has been an increase in cases of diabetes prevalence, which has been noted at all ages, although the adults are more disadvantaged.
Intervention
Evidence-based intervention that seeks to reduce both childhood and adulthood diabetic incidences should target the preventive and treatment measures. Patient-level interventions usually include those directed at improved self-management including taking medication, proper diet and exercise and self- monitoring in the use of health care services. Professional education and knowledge activities are examples of strategies that can be put in place to cope with the condition. Since interventions are designed for the general population, the disadvantaged groups may not be able to take full advantage of the opportunities (Boswell & Cannon, 2018). In some cases, interventions may include change of school curriculum for students whereby physical education, change in meal provisions and physical exercise is usually encouraged.
Comparison
Since the physician is a member of the multidisciplinary team, then standardized care in support of good care is likely to be provided to ensure there is a healthy community. The physician plays a greater role in ensuring there is proper access to medicare through provision checkup services and screening services to help in the diagnosis of the disease (Boswell & Cannon, 2018). Individuals should focus on ensuring there is a healthy living and the need to expand the role of health care providers.
Outcome
When a physician is involved as one of the members of the multidisciplinary team approach, then there is guaranteed better care for an individual. The outcomes from the intervention should include a reduction in cases of diabetes and the risks related to the disease with the provision of affordable healthcare services.
Time
The treatment of diabetes, especially type II, should take approximately three months. The reason being that the focus is usually on general behavior patterns of individuals. Therefore, interventions should aim at the promotion of long term outcomes.
Reference
Abbade, L. P., Wang, M., Sriganesh, K., Jin, Y., Mbuagbaw, L., & Thabane, L. (2017). The framing of research questions using the PICOT format in randomized controlled trials of venous ulcer disease is suboptimal: A systematic survey. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 25(5), 892-900.
Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2018). Introduction to nursing research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
