• Review “Asthma” in Chapter 27 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Consider how these disorders are similar and different.
• Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation.

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

• Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation. Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation.
• Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the factor you selected.
• Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

Pathophysiological

mechanisms of Exacerbating Acute and Chronic Asthma

Asthma alludes to a pulmonary condition that results into either a chronic or acute inflammation of the respiratory tubes coupled with a tightening of the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract. In some cases, episodes of bronchoconstriction will accompany it as well. Establishing the pathophysiological mechanism of each asthma is an important step in determining its exacerbation, diagnosis and prescribing treatment for the patient.

The pathophysiological exacerbation of chronic cancer is closely tied to the etiological aspect of persistent viruses and chlamydia. Viruses and other organisms play a huge part in providing the necessary conditions for asthma to thrive. The key mechanism in this exacerbation is the viral replication that results in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract triggering cytokine release, inflammation and the eventual large mucus production. However, the viral and chlamydia has does not result into sporadic changes in the arterial blood patterns. The asthma attack takes time and so blood PaO2 of 100 mm Hg will only fall slightly to around 85 mm Hg followed by a slight rise in the PH to 7.45 from its initial 7.40 (Casale et al 2016). Despite these processes being necessary for clearance of the viral infection, they are still super-imposed over the already existing inflammatory condition in the airways that ignites symptomatology instead. Furthermore, it means that the immune system is slowed down hence making it unable to clear the viruses. As a result, there is infiltration of the pulmonary vein which exacerbates asthma inflammation.

Dehydration

plays a very a far wider role in acute exacerbation of asthma. Studies show that asthma has a close relation with the water levels in the body with regard to airway epithelial cells. This will from time to time contribute to a fraction of epithelial and edema damage coupled with hyper-responsiveness. However, this does not only result should it be exercised-induced asthma. According to Walsh, Sills and Arnold (2017), during asthma attack through dehydration, the arterial blood patterns exhibit very sharp changes in the blood PH which could rise to as high as 7.60 while the blood PaO2 reduces to very low levels within a short time as low as 40 mm Hg coupled with a sharp rise in PaCO2.

Acute asthma

can also be triggered by a period of emotional stress grief and sorrow are upheavals to asthma symptoms exacerbations. Interestingly, greater anxiety has been noted to be common to asthma patients than hepatitis B Patients. The level of oxygen in the blood reduces very fast as the patient’s loose instant breath while the CO2 levels climbs up along with the PH levels in almost the same proportion. For instance in a study including 230 patients, 45% scored high on depression rating taken as depressed (Gelb, Christenson & Nadel, 2016). However, the patients with depression had health related issues. Conversely, having intense emotions brings out asthma symptoms such as airway reactivity, decreased peak expiratory flow rate, increased respiratory resistance and shortness of breath.

Even though asthma is a predominantly multifactorial condition, it’s most pressing risk factor remains as the allergies. This involves the chronic asthma in particular. Having a family history of allergic reactions can speed asthma exacerbation. In this case, an immunological response to the allergy is a triggering factor in the symptomatology of asthma. The disruption of the normal epithelial cells leads to triggering of a response which explains the commonly occurring allergic responses to the inhalant antigens particularly among those individuals exposed to these agents.

Exposure to metal toxicity in the respiratory tract exacerbates chronic asthma. Zinc, cadmium, copper and aluminum results into both chronic obstructive lung disease and the acute self-limiting neutrophil alveolitis (Morris, 2016). With time, this develops into pulmonary fibrosis as well as damaging the functional impairment based on the potential of the agent to cause that damage. Metal raise the PH levels in the body as the CO2 content in the blood rises up as well with a reduction in the Oxygen content.

The factors mentioned above have widespread effects on the pathophysiological disorders present in asthma. First, viruses provide conditions for damaging of the epithelial cells in the body. This comes through triggering of the cytokine release that spearheads inflammation and large mucus production. Secondly, exposure to toxic metals leads into chronic lung disease and the self-limiting neutrophil that results into pulmonary fibrosis based on the damaging extent of the metal agent (Morris, 2016). Thirdly, the emotional stress and dehydration connotes to similar effects because they both predispose patients to sudden acute asthma exacerbation that involves decreased peak expiratory flow rate, increased respiratory resistance and shortness of breath.

Diagnosis

of asthma follows a very specific approach as established by its exacerbation. For the case of allergy, an allergy test is performed by the doctor. During this period, medical history and breathing tests are performed establishing how well a patient’s lungs are working. Even though there is no cure for asthma, the allergist will recommend taking medications that avoids asthma triggers. Corticosteroids are taken daily. Dehydration test involves testing a patient’s water level in which if it is found out that he/she is lacking sufficient water, they are recommend to be taking more water to boost it. For case of metal toxicity, body fluids and solids are tested for any presence of toxic substances in the body including the blood stream. Based on this heavy detoxification is conducted. Lastly, cases of viruses and chlamydia can be tested through conducting epistemological tests in the body by a qualified doctor. Upon their establishment, antibiotics are administered to attack the virus and hence reduce the risk of asthma.

Acute asthma mind map

Diagnosis

Treatment

Acute asthma

Emotional stress

Therapy

Dehydration

Clinical presentation

Epistemology

Corticosteroids daily

Water addition

Anxiety

Briefing tests

Depression an

Pathophysiological

Disruption of epithelial cells

Pulmonary fibrosis

Chronic asthma

mind map.

Detoxification

Viruses and chlamydia

Chronic asthma

Antibiotics

Treatment

Allergies

Lung infection

Disruption of epithelial cells

Working lungs

Mucus production

Inflammation

Medical history

Clinical presentation

Pathophysiology

Epistemology

Diagnosis

Metal toxicity

References

Casale, T. B., Tashkin, D. P., Lühmann, R., Engel, M., Moroni-Zentgraf, P., & Kerstjens, H. A. (2016). Therapy Demonstrates Reduced Risk of Severe Asthma Exacerbation and Asthma Worsening in Symptomatic Asthma, Independent of IgE or Blood Eosinophil Levels. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 137(2), AB214.

Gelb, A. F., Christenson, S. A., & Nadel, J. A. (2016). Understanding the pathophysiology of the asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 22(2), 100-105.

Morris, M. (2016). Drugs and Diseases: Pulmonology. Medscape. Retrieved from: emedicine.medscape.com/article/296301-overview

Walsh, C. G., Sills, M. R., & Arnold, D. H. (2017). Time-dependent severity change during treatment of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute asthma exacerbations. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 118(2), 226-227.

USW1.46926.202030 – NURS-6501N-47,Advanced Pathophysiology.2019 Winter Qtr 11/25-02/16-PT27

Assignment – Week 4

semiloore Akerele
on Mon, Dec 23 2019, 2:50 AM

60% highest match

Submission ID: 51f66acd-31c4-44cf-97bc-e15b2de0a79f

• wk4assgn Akerele S Patho x

  Word Count: 1,202

  Attachment ID: 2465234879

  60%

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Another student’s paper

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http://www.einthovenlaboratory.com/onderzoeken/the-link-between-venous-thrombosis-and-arterial-thrombosis/

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https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/5464

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Running head:

1
DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 1

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DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 1

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DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 1

2
DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 6

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DISORDERS OF THE VEINS AND ARTERIES 6

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Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

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Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

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Disorders of the Veins and Arteries

Semiloore Akerele
Walden University: NURS- 6501N
December 22nd , 2019.

3
Disorder of the Veins and Arteries Two of the most common medical
disease in adult population are Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) and
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) that presents so many similarities.

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Disorder of the Veins
and Arteries Two of the most common medical disease in adult population
are Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
that presents so many similarities

Source – Another student’s paper
Disorder of the Veins and Arteries Chronic Venous
Insufficiency (CVI) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) are two prevalent
disorders that present with many similarities

It is imperative as an advanced nurse practitioner to have a knowledge
of the differences between these two disorders as well as their
differences to prevent misdiagnosis. mistreatments, and possible
complications that might arise during the course of the treatment of the
disease. This paper is aimed at identifying the pathophysiology of CVI
and DVT, difference between CVI and arterial thrombosis.

3
Also, the patient factor followed will highlight the effects of the female gender on the pathophysiology of these illnesses.

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Also, the patient factor followed will highlight the effects of the female gender on the pathophysiology of these illnesses

Source – Another student’s paper
Also, the patient factor followed will highlight the effects of the female gender on the pathophysiology of these illnesses

Also, a constructed mind map will accentuate the epidemiology,
pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnoses and treatment of
Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Deep Vein Thrombosis.

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Uploaded – wk4assgn Akerele S Patho x
Also, a constructed
mind map will accentuate the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, diagnoses and treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
and Deep Vein Thrombosis

Source – Another student’s paper
Lastly, a constructed mind map will highlight the
epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnoses and
treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Deep Vein Thrombosis

Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous
Insufficiency According to Heuther and McCance (2017), Varicose vein and
valvular insufficiency can progress to Chronic Venous Insufficiency
(CVI). CVI is an inadequate venous return over a period of time which
result in pool of blood within the vein which results into swollen,
twisted and tangible vein.

4
Structurally, the veins are thin walled highly distensible vessels with valves to prevent backflow and pooling of blood.

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Structurally, the veins are thin walled highly distensible vessels with valves to prevent backflow and pooling of blood

Source – Another student’s paper
Huether & McCance (2017) defines veins as
“thin-walled, highly distensible vessels with valves to prevent backflow
and pooling of blood” (p

When one valve is damaged and there is an inadequate venous return,
section of the vein is subjected to the pressure of a larger volume of
blood under the influence of gravity which result int swelling of the
surrounding tissue (Heuther & McCance, 2017).

2
Over the years, venous hypertension, circulatory stasis, and tissue
hypoxia caused by sluggish circulation and unmet metabolic needs (waste
collection and oxygen delivery) produce an inflammatory reaction in the
vessels and tissues.

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Over the years, venous
hypertension, circulatory stasis, and tissue hypoxia caused by sluggish
circulation and unmet metabolic needs (waste collection and oxygen
delivery) produce an inflammatory reaction in the vessels and tissues

Source – Another student’s paper
Over the years, venous hypertension, circulatory stasis,
and tissue hypoxia caused by sluggish circulation and unmet metabolic
needs (waste collection and oxygen delivery) produce an inflammatory
reaction in the vessels and tissues

This process induces a fibrosclerotic remodeling of the skin which then causes ulceration.

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This process induces a fibrosclerotic remodeling of the skin which then causes ulceration

Source – Another student’s paper
This process induces a fibrosclerotic remodeling of the skin which then causes ulceration

(Huether & McCance, 2017).

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(Huether & McCance, 2017)

Source – Another student’s paper
(Huether & McCance, 2017)

5
Pathophysiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) essentially occurs in the lower extremities.

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Pathophysiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) essentially occurs in the lower extremities

Source – Another student’s paper
Deep Vein Thrombosis Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are clots that essentially occur in the lower extremities

6
Three factors are known to promote DVT (the triad of Virchow):

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Three factors are known to promote DVT (the triad of Virchow)

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Three factors promote DVT known as the Triad of Virchow which includes

2
venous stasis, venous injury, and hypercoagulable states.

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venous stasis, venous injury, and hypercoagulable states

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venous stasis, venous injury, and hypercoagulable states

DVT’s builds up when the inner lining the vessels are damaged/ impaired.

3
This impairment initiates the clotting cascade to heal the damaged epithelium.

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This impairment initiates the clotting cascade to heal the damaged epithelium

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This damage initiates the clotting cascade to heal the injured epithelium

6
The accumulation of clotting factors and platelets lead to thrombus formation which usually occur at the venous valve.

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The accumulation of clotting factors and platelets lead to thrombus formation which usually occur at the venous valve

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Accumulation of clotting factors and platelets leads to thrombus formation in the vein, often near a venous valve

The growth of the thrombus leads to increase in blood pressure while blood flow diminishes.

2
Increased pressure in the vein behind the clot may produce edema in the
extremity, and persistent venous obstruction can lead to Chronic Venous
Insufficiency.

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Increased pressure in
the vein behind the clot may produce edema in the extremity, and
persistent venous obstruction can lead to Chronic Venous Insufficiency

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Increased pressure in the vein behind the clot may produce
edema in the extremity, and persistent venous obstruction can lead to
Chronic Venous Insufficiency

DVT can lead to a clot breaking off and go to the lungs which is called
pulmonary embolism and can also result in embolic stroke or death.

2
(Hammer & McPhee, 2014).

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(Hammer & McPhee, 2014)

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(Hammer & McPhee, 2014)

7
Differences between venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis A thrombus
can develop in either the arterial system or the venous system.

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Differences between
venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis A thrombus can develop in
either the arterial system or the venous system

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The Differences between Venous Thrombosis and Arterial
Thrombosis A thrombus is composed of fibrin and blood cells and can
develop in either the arterial or the venous system

8
The arterial thrombi form under the condition of high blood flow and
rare composed mostly of platelet aggregates held together by fibrin
stands.

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The arterial thrombi
form under the condition of high blood flow and rare composed mostly of
platelet aggregates held together by fibrin stands

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Arterial thrombi form under conditions of high blood flow
and are composed mostly of platelet aggregates held together by fibrin
stands(Huether & McCance,2017)

9
Venous thrombi form under the conditions of low blood flow and are
composed of red cells with larger amounts of fibrin and few (Heuther
& McCance 2017).

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Venous thrombi form
under the conditions of low blood flow and are composed of red cells
with larger amounts of fibrin and few (Heuther & McCance 2017)

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Venous thrombi form under conditions of low flow and are
composed mostly of red cells with larger amounts of fibrin and few
platelets (Huether & McCance, 2017)

10
Inflammation plays major role in the development of venous thrombosis
while arterial thrombosis is influenced by the state of the coagulation
system.

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Inflammation plays
major role in the development of venous thrombosis while arterial
thrombosis is influenced by the state of the coagulation system

Source – http://www.einthovenlaboratory.com/onderzoeken/the-link-between-venous-thrombosis-and-arterial-thrombosis/
Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation does also
play a role in the development of venous thrombosis, while arterial
thrombosis is influenced by the state of the coagulation system

Venous thrombotic risk is determined by flexible combination of both
acquired and genetic risk factor while arterial thrombotic risk factors
are either acquired or lifestyle related such as high blood pressure,
smoking et.c.

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Venous thrombotic risk
is determined by flexible combination of both acquired and genetic risk
factor while arterial thrombotic risk factors are either acquired or
lifestyle related such as high blood pressure, smoking et.c

Source – http://www.einthovenlaboratory.com/onderzoeken/the-link-between-venous-thrombosis-and-arterial-thrombosis/
Arterial thrombotic risk factors are either acquired or
lifestyle related such as high blood pressure, smoking, unfavorable
lipid profile et cetera

( Rosendale, 2016).
Patient Factors:
Gender (Female) Both male and female are affected by DVT and CVI, but
female is at higher risk because of the possibility of pregnancy and
also birth control. Rosendale (216), stated that, many drugs put the
women at risk of developing thrombus which are basically female hormones
and oral contraceptives (Rosendaal, 2016). Also, women between the age
of 16 and 50 who are pregnant or on birth control are at risk of CVI and
DVT. Countrywide according to Goldman & Weiss (2016), about 15% and
25% of women and men respectively are affected by varicose veins, and
an approximated 3% estimated to affect European countries populations,
prevalence compared to that of diabetes (Goldman & Weiss, 2016). CVI
and DVT can be diagnosed by physical examination. D- timers is also
done before proceeding to other diagnosis method. Ultrasonography
diagnosis can also be done together with Doppler flow studies. D- timers
are avoided in pregnant women because their serum D-timers is four
times the normal value.in pregnant women. For DVT is treated using
injectable with anticoagulant heparin followed by oral anticoagulant
(Baker & dela Cruz, 2019). For pregnant women, low molecular weight
heparin is usually recommended. They are also encouraged to stay active
and wearing of compression stocking. Comment by Semiloore Akerele:
Comment by Semiloore Akerele:
To
exclude DVT, Ultrasonography diagnosis is specifically done with
clinical testing for CVI. CVI’s treatment depends on the disorder’s
severity and a patient should follow a dietary sodium and lifestyle
changes, pneumatic devices, surgery, topical wound care and compression
using bandages (Gujja, Sanina & Wiley, 2017).

3
Conclusion The pathophysiology, similarities and differences of these
diseases have been discussed, and the pathology has been considered with
the patient factor of female in mind.

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Conclusion The
pathophysiology, similarities and differences of these diseases have
been discussed, and the pathology has been considered with the patient
factor of female in mind

Source – Another student’s paper
Conclusion The pathophysiology, similarities and
differences of these diseases have been discussed, and the pathology has
been considered with the patient factor of female in mind

MAP MIND
DVT mind mapDIAGNOSIS Ultrasound
D-dimer History Physical examination
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Pain Holman’s sign Extremity redness
Redness
TREATMENT
Heparin
Elevation of legs Compression stockings
Warfarin

11
DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS

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DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS

Source – https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/5464
deep venous thrombosis

EPIDEMIOLOGY Slowed venous blood flow
Biochemical imbalance between circulating factors

12
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Venous stasis

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Venous stasis

Source – https://coggle.it/diagram/WNP1ok0gXwABrEbg/t/-
Venous stasis ulcer

Obstruction of blood flow
Vessel damage
Hypercoagulability
CVI mind mapDIAGNOSIS Vascular ultrasound
Pulses that are non-palpable are determined by Doppler studies
Using history and physical examination Lower extremities carefully inspected and palpated.
TREATMENT Non-invasive treatment:
Compression stockings
Physical exercise
Lower extremities are elevated Invasive treatment:

13
Sclerotherapy or surgical

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Sclerotherapy or surgical

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Sclerotherapy or Surgical

Ligation
Vein resection
Vein stripping

2
CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY

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CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY

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Chronic Venous Insufficiency

EPIDEMIOLOGY Valve damage
Reduced mobility
Shock
Advanced age
Stasis ulcers

1
Dry, rough skin

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Dry, rough skin

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Dry,!rough!skin

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Inadequate supply of oxygen rich-blood leads to necrosis development Damaged vales and venous walls inhibiting their function
Blood
clot in lower extremities due to damaged valves Weakened walls and
valves cause insufficient venous return impairing blood flowing to the
heart.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION Rough and dry skin Stasis ulcers Hyperpigmentation
Swollen lower extremity Patients complain of leg pains and feeling tired quickly
References Baker, M., & dela Cruz, J. (2019).

11
Deep Venous Thrombosis Ultrasound Evaluation.

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Deep Venous Thrombosis Ultrasound Evaluation

Source – https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/5464
deep venous thrombosis

6
Dresang L.T., Fontaine P., Leeman L., King V.

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Dresang L.T., Fontaine P., Leeman L., King V

Source – Another student’s paper
Dresang, L.T., Fontaine, P., Leeman, L., & King, V.J

J.

2
(2008).Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy.

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(2008).Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy

Source – Another student’s paper
(2008).Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy

Am Fam Physician,15;77(12):1709-1716.

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Am Fam Physician,15;77(12):1709-1716

Source – Another student’s paper
Am Fam Physician,15;77(12):1709-1716

https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0615/p1709.html#sec-5

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https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0615/p1709.html#sec-5

Source – Another student’s paper
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0615/p1709.html#sec-5

Goldman, M. P., & Weiss, R. A. (2016). Sclerotherapy E-book:

7
Treatment of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins.

Suspected Entry: 64% match

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Treatment of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins

Source – Another student’s paper
Treatment for Varicose Veins

14
Elsevier Health Sciences.

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Elsevier Health Sciences

Source – Another student’s paper
Elsevier Health Sciences

Gujja, K., Sanina, C., & Wiley, J. M. (2017).

2
Chronic venous insufficiency.

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Chronic venous insufficiency

Source – Another student’s paper
Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Interventional Cardiology: Principles and Practice, 759-767.
Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee, S. (2014).

2
Pathophysiology of disease:

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Pathophysiology of disease

Source – Another student’s paper
Pathophysiology of disease

An introduction to clinical medicine.

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An introduction to clinical medicine

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An introduction to clinical medicine

(7th ed.) New York, NY:

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(7th ed.) New York, NY

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(7th ed.) New York, NY

McGraw-Hill Education.

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McGraw-Hill Education

Source – Another student’s paper
McGraw-Hill Education

Huether, S.

2
E., & McCance, K.

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E., & McCance, K

Source – Another student’s paper
E., & McCance, K

L. (2017).

2
Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.).

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Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.)

Source – Another student’s paper
Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.)

St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Rosendaal, F. R. (2016).

2
Causes of venous thrombosis.

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Causes of venous thrombosis

Source – Another student’s paper
Causes of venous thrombosis

Thrombosis Journal, 14(Suppl 1), 24.

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Thrombosis Journal, 14(Suppl 1), 24

Source – Another student’s paper
Thrombosis Journal, 14(Suppl 1), 24

http://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-016-0108-y

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http://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-016-0108-y

Source – Another student’s paper
http://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-016-0108-y

USW1.46926.202030 – NURS-6501N-47,Advanced Pathophysiology.2019 Winter Qtr 11/25-02/16-PT27

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semiloore Akerele
on Sun, Jan 05 2020, 3:39 PM

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Submission ID: 5a398664-4f4a-47df-9ed2-4eeda226468c

• Wk6assgn Akerele S patho x

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Asthma 1
Asthma 2
Asthma 3
Asthma
Semiloore Akerele
Walden University: NURS-6501
January 5th , 2020
Asthma
Asthma is a very fatal disease which blocks the airways that take air
to the lungs. These airways swell as a result of inhaling some
substances. These airways muscles tighten and narrows the air passage
making it hard for the patient breathe in. Furthermore, the muscles also
secret mucus around the airways that narrows the airways leading to
more complications.

1
Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation.

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Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation

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Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic asthma and acute asthma exacerbation

Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation.

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Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation

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Be sure to explain the changes in the arterial blood gas patterns during an exacerbation

Asthma is an infection on the pulmonary
artery resulting in either an acute or chronic inflammation of
respiratory tracks. Some Asthma patients often gasp the air and others
wheezes, experience chest tightness, and shortness of breath (Rothe et
al., 2018).

1
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the airways.

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the airways

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the airways

The pathophysiology of chronic asthma involves immunohistopathological
features that start with the infiltration of inflammatory cells.

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The pathophysiology of
chronic asthma involves immunohistopathological features that start
with the infiltration of inflammatory cells

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The pathophysiology of chronic asthma involves
immunohistopathological features that start with the infiltration of
inflammatory cells

The involved sections include neutrophils that are also implicated in a fatal asthma exacerbation;

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The involved sections include neutrophils that are also implicated in a fatal asthma exacerbation

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The involved cells include neutrophils that are also implicated in a fatal asthma exacerbation

eosinophils, lymphocytes, activation of must cells as well as injury to epithelial cells.

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eosinophils, lymphocytes, activation of must cells as well as injury to epithelial cells

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eosinophils, lymphocytes, activation of must cells as well as injury to epithelial cells

The inflammation of the airways is followed by airway edema that is triggered by progressive inflammation.

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The inflammation of the airways is followed by airway edema that is triggered by progressive inflammation

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The inflammation of the airways is followed by airway edema that is triggered by progressive inflammation

At this point, hypersecretion of mucus leads to the development of a mucus plug.

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At this point, hypersecretion of mucus leads to the development of a mucus plug

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At this point, hypersecretion of mucus leads to the development of a mucus plug

Subsequently, hyperresponsiveness, limitation to airflow, respiratory symptoms, and eventually chronicity are experienced.

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Subsequently, hyperresponsiveness, limitation to airflow, respiratory symptoms, and eventually chronicity are experienced

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Subsequently, hyperresponsiveness, limitation to airflow, respiratory symptoms, and eventually chronicity are experienced

There is a need to note that persistent changes to the structures of the
airways are shared, leading to fibrosis, increased mucous secretion,
epithelial cells damage, hypertrophy of smooth muscles lining the walls
of the airways and eventually angiogenesis.

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There is a need to
note that persistent changes to the structures of the airways are
shared, leading to fibrosis, increased mucous secretion, epithelial
cells damage, hypertrophy of smooth muscles lining the walls of the
airways and eventually angiogenesis

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There is a need to note that persistent changes to the
structures of the airways are experienced, leading to fibrosis,
increased mucus secretion, epithelial cells damage, hypertrophy of
smooth muscles lining the walls of the airways and eventually
angiogenesis

Huether, McCance, El-Hussein, Power-Kean & Zettel (2018) argue that
atopy, which is a genetic predisposition that translates to a response
that is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) is depicted as the main
predisposing factor for asthma.

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Huether, McCance,
El-Hussein, Power-Kean & Zettel (2018) argue that atopy, which is a
genetic predisposition that translates to a response that is mediated by
immunoglobulin E (IgE) is depicted as the main predisposing factor for
asthma

Source – Another student’s paper
Huether, McCance, El-Hussein, Power-Kean & Zettel
(2018) argue that atopy, which is a genetic predisposition that
translates to a response that is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) is
depicted as the main predisposing factor for asthma

Airway remodeling is depicted as the ultimate phase in the development of chronic asthma.

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Airway remodeling is depicted as the ultimate phase in the development of chronic asthma

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Airway remodeling is depicted as the ultimate phase in the development of chronic asthma

Remodeling of the airway may lead to permanent structural changes that are characterized by loss of lung function.

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Remodeling of the airway may lead to permanent structural changes that are characterized by loss of lung function

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Remodeling of the airway may lead to permanent structural changes that are characterized by loss of lung function

Permanent structural changes can be attributed to the patient`s unresponsiveness to therapy.

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Permanent structural changes can be attributed to the patient`s unresponsiveness to therapy

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Permanent structural changes can be attributed to the patient`s unresponsiveness to therapy

These changes include sub-basement membrane thickening fibrosis of
epithelial cells, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of smooth muscles,
dilation of blood vessels, and mucous gland hyperplasia (Hart &
Greenstone, 2018).

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These changes include
sub-basement membrane thickening fibrosis of epithelial cells,
hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of smooth muscles, dilation of blood
vessels, and mucous gland hyperplasia (Hart & Greenstone, 2018)

Source – Another student’s paper
These changes include sub-basement membrane thickening
fibrosis of epithelial cells, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of smooth
muscles, dilation of blood vessels, and mucus gland hyperplasia (Hart
& Greenstone, 2018)

Viral respiratory infections mainly trigger acute asthma exacerbation.

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Viral respiratory infections mainly trigger acute asthma exacerbation

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Acute asthma exacerbation is mainly triggered by viral respiratory infections

During urgent cases, bronchoconstriction takes place suddenly, thereby
narrowing the airways following exposure to allergens (Hart &
Greenstone, 2018).

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During urgent cases,
bronchoconstriction takes place suddenly, thereby narrowing the airways
following exposure to allergens (Hart & Greenstone, 2018)

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During acute cases, bronchoconstriction takes place
suddenly, thereby narrowing the airways following exposure to allergens
(Hart & Greenstone, 2018)

The bronchoconstriction is triggered by mediators produced by mast cells
such as leukotriene and histamine that lead to the contraction of
smooth muscles.

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The
bronchoconstriction is triggered by mediators produced by mast cells
such as leukotriene and histamine that lead to the contraction of smooth
muscles

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The bronchoconstriction is triggered by mediators produced
by mast cells such as leukotrienes and histamine that lead to the
contraction of smooth muscles

Additional stimuli that trigger acute asthma exacerbation include cold,
stress, exercise, and respiratory irritants since they cause sudden
obstruction of airflow.

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Additional stimuli
that trigger acute asthma exacerbation include cold, stress, exercise,
and respiratory irritants since they cause sudden obstruction of airflow

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Additional stimuli that trigger acute asthma exacerbation
include cold, stress, exercise, and respiratory irritants since they
cause sudden obstruction of airflow

During an exacerbation, hypercapnia coupled with respiratory acidosis is experienced due to severe obstruction of the airway.

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During an exacerbation, hypercapnia coupled with respiratory acidosis is experienced due to severe obstruction of the airway

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During an exacerbation, hypercapnia coupled with respiratory acidosis is experienced due to severe obstruction of the airway

On the other hand, hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis are experienced by
children during an acute attack, with some patients experiencing carbon
dioxide narcosis (Vasileiadis et al., 2018).

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On the other hand,
hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis are experienced by children during an
acute attack, with some patients experiencing carbon dioxide narcosis
(Vasileiadis et al., 2018)

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On the other hand, hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis are
experienced by children during an acute attack, with some patients
experiencing carbon dioxide narcosis (Vasileiadis et al., 2018)

On the other hand, some instances of alkalosis are experienced during acute cases.

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On the other hand, some instances of alkalosis are experienced during acute cases

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On the other hand, some instances of alkalosis are experienced during acute cases

This is mainly linked with hyperventilation and hypocapnia that characterize the respiratory alkalosis.

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This is mainly linked with hyperventilation and hypocapnia that characterize the respiratory alkalosis

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This is mainly linked with hyperventilation and hypocapnia that characterize the respiratory alkalosis

Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders.

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Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders

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Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of both disorders

Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the part you chose.

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Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the part you chose

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Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment for a patient based on the factor you selected

Genetics is one of the patient factors that are likely to impact the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic asthma.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho x
Genetics is one of the patient factors that are likely to impact the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic asthma

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Genetics is one of the patient factors that are likely to impact the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic asthma

For instance, a family history of asthma or allergic reaction to allergens is associated with increased cases of asthma.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho x
For instance, a family history of asthma or allergic reaction to allergens is associated with increased cases of asthma

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For instance, a family history of asthma or allergic reaction to allergens is associated with increased cases of asthma

Huo & Zhang (2018) identify that patient who possesses asthma
susceptible genes are likely to develop asthma due to inheritance.

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Huo & Zhang (2018)
identify that patient who possesses asthma susceptible genes are likely
to develop asthma due to inheritance

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Huo & Zhang (2018) identify that patient who possesses
asthma susceptible genes are likely to develop asthma due to
inheritance

Based on genetics, the diagnosis and treatment of asthma would begin by
undertaking a comprehensive history of the patient to determine if they
have a family history of asthma.

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Based on genetics, the
diagnosis and treatment of asthma would begin by undertaking a
comprehensive history of the patient to determine if they have a family
history of asthma

Source – Another student’s paper
Based on genetics, the diagnosis and treatment of asthma
would begin by undertaking a comprehensive history of the patient to
determine if they have a family history of asthma

This would be followed by an allergen test.

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This would be followed by an allergen test

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This would be followed by an allergen test

Treatment would entail the avoidance of allergens likely to trigger an asthmatic exacerbation.

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Treatment would entail the avoidance of allergens likely to trigger an asthmatic exacerbation

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Treatment would entail the avoidance of allergens likely to trigger an asthmatic exacerbation

Perse, the use of corticosteroids would be essential during treatment to manage symptoms effectively.

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Perse, the use of corticosteroids would be essential during treatment to manage symptoms effectively

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Per se, the use of corticosteroids would be essential during treatment to effectively manage symptoms

Huo & Zhang (2018) maintain that personalized medicine for asthma
can be developed after the effective identification of
asthma-susceptible genes following the determination of the genetic
characteristics of the various asthmatic phenotypes.

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Huo & Zhang (2018)
maintain that personalized medicine for asthma can be developed after
the effective identification of asthma-susceptible genes following the
determination of the genetic characteristics of the various asthmatic
phenotypes

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Huo & Zhang (2018) maintain that personalized
treatment for asthma can be developed after the effective identification
of asthma-susceptible genes following the determination of the genetic
characteristics of the various asthmatic phenotypes

Also, the disease-susceptible genes are identified as a vital drug target source.

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Also, the disease-susceptible genes are identified as a vital drug target source

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In addition, the disease-susceptible genes are identified as a vital drug target source

Hence, treatment should be based on the effective identification of the drug-susceptible genes.

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Hence, treatment should be based on the effective identification of the drug-susceptible genes

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Hence, treatment should be based on the effective identification of the drug-susceptible genes

Other pharmacological interventions would entail the use of short-acting
beta-adrenoceptor agonists that act as bronchial dilators as well as
leukotriene drugs to enhance lung function.

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Other pharmacological
interventions would entail the use of short-acting beta-adrenoceptor
agonists that act as bronchial dilators as well as leukotriene drugs to
enhance lung function

Source – Another student’s paper
Other pharmacological interventions would entail the use
of short-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonists that act as bronchial
dilators as well as leukotriene drugs to enhance lung function

2
Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation.

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Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation

Source – https://www.precisionessays.com/thesis-papers-explain-how-the-factor-you-selected-might-impact-the-pathophysiology-of-both-disorders/
Construct two mind maps—one for chronic asthma and one for acute asthma exacerbation

Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as
well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

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Include the
epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the
diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper

Source – https://www.precisionessays.com/thesis-papers-explain-how-the-factor-you-selected-might-impact-the-pathophysiology-of-both-disorders/
Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical
presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in
your paper

3
Chronic Asthma Mind MapPathophysiology – Low FEV1 – Mucus formation –
Thickening of airways – Hyper-responsiveness – Airways constriction

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Chronic Asthma Mind
MapPathophysiology – Low FEV1 – Mucus formation – Thickening of airways –
Hyper-responsiveness – Airways constriction

Source – Another student’s paper
Pathophysiology – Low FEV1 – Mucus formation – Thickening of airways – Hyper-responsiveness – Airways constriction

Clinical Presentation – Cough – Wheezing – Shortness of breath – Chest pressure – Hypoxemia

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Clinical Presentation – Cough – Wheezing – Shortness of breath – Chest pressure – Hypoxemia

Source – Another student’s paper
Clinical Presentation – Cough – Wheezing – Shortness of breath – Chest pressure – Hypoxemia

4
· · · Acute asthma mind mapDiagnosis – Family history – Age of onset – Allergen exposure – Recurrent respiratory infections

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· · · Acute asthma mind mapDiagnosis – Family history – Age of onset – Allergen exposure – Recurrent respiratory infections

Source – Another student’s paper
Acute Asthma Exacerbation Mind MapDiagnosis – Family
history – Age of onset – Allergen exposure – Recurrent respiratory
infections

Chronic Asthma

3
Risk Factors – Cold, damp air/climate – Allergens – Physicality – Chemical irritants

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Risk Factors – Cold, damp air/climate – Allergens – Physicality – Chemical irritants

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Risk Factors – Cold, damp air/climate – Allergens – Physicality – Chemical irritants

Treatment – Inhalers – Spirometer use – Identification of triggers –
Avoidance of triggers – Lifestyle modifications – Daily corticosteroids

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Treatment – Inhalers –
Spirometer use – Identification of triggers – Avoidance of triggers –
Lifestyle modifications – Daily corticosteroids

Source – Another student’s paper
Treatment – Inhalers – Spirometer use – Identification of
triggers – Avoidance of triggers – Lifestyle modifications – Daily
corticosteroids

Diagnosis Treatment Acute asthma
Emotional stress
Therapy

1
Dehydration Clinical presentation

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Dehydration Clinical presentation

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Dehydration Clinical presentation

Epistemology
Corticosteroids daily
Water addition
Anxiety
Briefing tests
Depression an
Pathophysiological

1
Disruption of epithelial cells

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Disruption of epithelial cells

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Disruption of epithelial cells

Pulmonary fibrosis
Conclusion
In conclusion, parents shouldn’t embrace a program that will help in
management and treatment of asthma to children. This will help to detect
asthma that can be passed from parents to children or according to
family history. When asthma is detected, treatment should start
immediately and patient should be advice on how to improve their health.

References

5
Rothe, T., Spagnolo, P., Bridevaux, P.-O., Clarenbach, C., Eich-Wanger, C., Meyer, F., Leuppi, J.

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Rothe, T., Spagnolo, P., Bridevaux, P.-O., Clarenbach, C., Eich-Wanger, C., Meyer, F., Leuppi, J

Source – Another student’s paper

https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33311-1
Rothe, T., Spagnolo, P., Bridevaux, P.-O., Clarenbach, C., Eich-Wanger,
C., Meyer, F.,

D. (2018).

5
Diagnosis and Management of Asthma – The Swiss Guidelines.

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Diagnosis and Management of Asthma – The Swiss Guidelines

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Diagnosis and Management of Asthma – The Swiss Guidelines

Respiration;

5
International Review Of Thoracic Diseases, 95(5), 364–380.

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International Review Of Thoracic Diseases, 95(5), 364–380

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International Review Of Thoracic Diseases, 95(5), 364–380

https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1159/000486797

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https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1159/000486797

Source – Another student’s paper
https:// doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1159/000486797

1
Hart, S., & Greenstone, M.

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Hart, S., & Greenstone, M

Source – Another student’s paper
Hart, S., & Greenstone, M

(Eds.). (2018).

1
Foundations of Respiratory Medicine.

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Foundations of Respiratory Medicine

Source – Another student’s paper
Foundations of Respiratory Medicine

Springer.
Huether, S.

1
E., McCance, K.

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E., McCance, K

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E., McCance, K

L., El-Hussein, M.

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L., El-Hussein, M

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L., El-Hussein, M

T., Power-Kean, K., & Zettel, S.

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T., Power-Kean, K., & Zettel, S

Source – Another student’s paper
T., Power-Kean, K., & Zettel, S

(2018).

1
Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition-E-Book.

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Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition-E-Book

Source – Another student’s paper
Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition-E-Book

Elsevier Health Sciences.

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Elsevier Health Sciences

Source – Another student’s paper
Elsevier Health Sciences

Huo, Y., & Zhang, H.

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Huo, Y., & Zhang, H

Source – Another student’s paper
Huo, Y., & Zhang, H

Y. (2018).

1
Genetic Mechanisms of Asthma and the Implications for Drug Repositioning.

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Genetic Mechanisms of Asthma and the Implications for Drug Repositioning

Source – Another student’s paper
Genetic Mechanisms of Asthma and the Implications for Drug Repositioning

Genes, 9(5), 237.

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Genes, 9(5), 237

Source – Another student’s paper
Genes, 9(5), 237

Vasileiadis, I., Alevrakis, E., Ampelioti, S., Vagionas, D., Rovina, N., & Koutsoukou, A.

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Vasileiadis, I., Alevrakis, E., Ampelioti, S., Vagionas, D., Rovina, N., & Koutsoukou, A

Source – Another student’s paper
Vasileiadis, I., Alevrakis, E., Ampelioti, S., Vagionas, D., Rovina, N., & Koutsoukou, A

(2019).

1
Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma:

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Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma

Source – Another student’s paper
Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Asthma

A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology.

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A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology

Source – Another student’s paper
A Literature Review and Comments on Their Pathophysiology

Journal of clinical medicine, 8(4), 563.

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Journal of clinical medicine, 8(4), 563

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Journal of clinical medicine, 8(4), 563

USW1.46926.202030 – NURS-6501N-47,Advanced Pathophysiology.2019 Winter Qtr 11/25-02/16-PT27

SafaAssign Drafts

semiloore Akerele
on Sun, Jan 05 2020, 11:10 PM

72% highest match

Submission ID: cc483e03-4a16-4f88-af7c-19b95d37391f

• Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x

  Word Count: 755

  Attachment ID: 2471777782

  72%

Citations (13/13)

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Running head: ASTHMA 1
ASTHMA 5

1
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic and Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Suspected Entry: 92% match

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Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic and Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Source – Another student’s paper
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic Asthma and Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Semiloore Akerele
Walden University: NURS-6051N
January 5th , 2020

1
Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic and acute asthma exacerbation

Suspected Entry: 92% match

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Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic and acute asthma exacerbation

Source – Another student’s paper
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic Asthma and Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Asthma refers to conditions that affect pulmonary.

2
It might result in either acute or chronic inflammation of respiratory
tubes and tightening of the respiratory tract smooth muscles.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
It might result in
either acute or chronic inflammation of respiratory tubes and tightening
of the respiratory tract smooth muscles

Source – Another student’s paper
Asthma is a pulmonary condition that results in either a
chronic or an acute inflammation of the respiratory tubes coupled with a
tightening of the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract

3
The pathophysiological mechanism of exacerbating acute and chronic
cancer is similar to the etiological aspects of persistent chlamydia and
viruses.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
The pathophysiological
mechanism of exacerbating acute and chronic cancer is similar to the
etiological aspects of persistent chlamydia and viruses

Source – Another student’s paper
The pathophysiological exacerbation of chronic asthma is
closely related to the etiological aspects of persistent viruses and
chlamydia

4
Therefore, realizing the pathophysiological mechanism of each type of
asthma is critical in determining diagnosis, exacerbation, and
prescription of its treatment.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
Therefore, realizing
the pathophysiological mechanism of each type of asthma is critical in
determining diagnosis, exacerbation, and prescription of its treatment

Source – Another student’s paper
Establishing the pathophysiological mechanism of each
asthma is an important step in determining its exacerbation, diagnosis
and prescribing treatment for the patient

For asthma to grow, viruses and other organisms play vital roles.

5
In exacerbation, the key mechanism is viral replication resulting in the
epithelial cells of the respiratory tract which triggers inflammation,
cytokine release, thus resulting in the production of a large amount of
mucus.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
In exacerbation, the
key mechanism is viral replication resulting in the epithelial cells of
the respiratory tract which triggers inflammation, cytokine release,
thus resulting in the production of a large amount of mucus

Source – Another student’s paper
The key mechanism in this exacerbation is the viral
replication that results in the epithelial cells of the respiratory
tract triggering cytokine release, inflammation, and the final large
mucus production

6
However, chlamydia and virus do not lead to changes in arterial blood patterns (Durham et al.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
However, chlamydia and virus do not lead to changes in arterial blood patterns (Durham et al

Source – Another student’s paper
Nevertheless, chlamydia and virus do not lead to the sporadic changes in arterial blood patterns

2016).
During exacerbation of asthma,
dehydration plays a vital role because it has a close relation to the
water levels in the body with regards to epithelial cells’ airway.

4
Nakagome and Nagata (2011), states that during asthma attack through
dehydration, the arterial blood patterns exhibit very sharp changes in
the blood PH which could rise to as high as 7.60 while the blood PaO2
reduces to very low levels within a short time as low as 40 mm Hg
coupled with a sharp rise in PaCO2.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
Nakagome and Nagata
(2011), states that during asthma attack through dehydration, the
arterial blood patterns exhibit very sharp changes in the blood PH which
could rise to as high as 7.60 while the blood PaO2 reduces to very low
levels within a short time as low as 40 mm Hg coupled with a sharp rise
in PaCO2

Source – Another student’s paper
According to Walsh, Sills and Arnold (2017), during asthma
attack through dehydration, the arterial blood patterns exhibit very
sharp changes in the blood PH which could rise to as high as 7.60 while
the blood PaO2 reduces to very low levels within a short time as low as
40 mm Hg coupled with a sharp rise in PaCO2

6
The period of emotional grief, stress, and sorrow also trigger acute asthma symptoms during exacerbation.

Suspected Entry: 84% match

Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
The period of emotional grief, stress, and sorrow also trigger acute asthma symptoms during exacerbation

Source – Another student’s paper
Emotional stress, sorrow, and grief may also trigger acute asthma exacerbation

In such cases, levels of oxygen drop very fast making a patient lose
inner breathe instantly thus raising their CO2 levels alongside the PH
levels with almost the same levels.

4
In case of intense emotions, patients bring out asthma symptoms such as
shortened breath, increased respiratory resistance, and decreased peak
of expiratory flow rates.

Suspected Entry: 73% match

Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
In case of intense
emotions, patients bring out asthma symptoms such as shortened breath,
increased respiratory resistance, and decreased peak of expiratory flow
rates

Source – Another student’s paper
Conversely, having intense emotions brings out asthma
symptoms such as airway reactivity, decreased peak expiratory flow rate,
increased respiratory resistance and shortness of breath

The factor I selected is allergic
regardless of its being a predominant multifactorial condition. In most
cases, asthma exacerbation speeds where there is a chronic or strong
family history of allergic reactions. It means the allergy effect is
triggered by immunological responses factor in the symptomatology of
asthma. Therefore, this factor impacts the pathophysiology of both
disorders by disrupting the normal epithelial cells leading to the
trigger of a response explaining the common occurring allergies in
response to the inhalant antigens.

7
Chronic asthma is also exacerbated in the respiratory tract as a result
of exposure to metal toxicity such as aluminium, copper, Cadmium, and
Zinc.

Suspected Entry: 65% match

Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
Chronic asthma is also
exacerbated in the respiratory tract as a result of exposure to metal
toxicity such as aluminium, copper, Cadmium, and Zinc

Source – Another student’s paper
Exposure to metal toxicity, especially as a result of
inhalation, also causes the respiratory tract to exacerbate to chronic
Asthma

Metals raise the PH and the CO2 content in the blood rises up thus reducing oxygen (D’Amato, 2011).

8
All the mentioned factors have widespread effects on the pathophysiological disorders present in asthma.

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
All the mentioned factors have widespread effects on the pathophysiological disorders present in asthma

Source – Another student’s paper
The factors mentioned above have widespread effects on the pathophysiological disorders present in asthma

5
The diagnosis of asthma follows a special approach as established by exacerbation.

Suspected Entry: 85% match

Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
The diagnosis of asthma follows a special approach as established by exacerbation

Source – Another student’s paper
The diagnosis of asthma follows a particular approach, as established by its exacerbation

If a patient is suspected of asthma the doctor performs an allergic test.

8
In this case, breathing and medical history tests are done to determine how well their lungs are working.

Suspected Entry: 68% match

Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
In this case, breathing and medical history tests are done to determine how well their lungs are working

Source – Another student’s paper
During this period, medical history and breathing tests are performed establishing how well a patient’s lungs are working

9
Up to date asthma have no definite cure, therefore if an individual is
realized with it, an allergist can recommend they take medications that
avoid asthma triggers.

Suspected Entry: 64% match

Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
Up to date asthma have
no definite cure, therefore if an individual is realized with it, an
allergist can recommend they take medications that avoid asthma triggers

Source – Another student’s paper
Even if there is no cure for asthma, the allergist will recommend taking medications that avoid asthma triggers

Prescriptions such as corticosteroids are recommended to be taken on a
daily basis. In case the dehydration test is involved and finds the
patient’s water level is below the required level taking more water to
boost it is recommended.

5
For the case of toxic metals, body fluids and solids are tested for any
presence of toxic substances in the body including bloodstream thus
recommendation of heavy detoxification.

Suspected Entry: 77% match

Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
For the case of toxic
metals, body fluids and solids are tested for any presence of toxic
substances in the body including bloodstream thus recommendation of
heavy detoxification

Source – Another student’s paper
For the case of metal toxicity, body fluids and solids are
tested for any presence of toxic substances in the body, including the
bloodstream

Finally, in the case of chlamydia and virus, a test is done through
epistemological tests. If established positively antibiotics are given
to attack them, thus reducing asthma.

10
Acute asthma mind mapAcute asthma Diagnosis Treatment

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Uploaded – Wk6assgn Akerele S patho new x
Acute asthma mind mapAcute asthma Diagnosis Treatment

Source – Another student’s paper
( Diagnosis ) ( Treatment ) ( Acute asthma )Acute asthma mind map

Emotional stress
Therapy
Clinical presentation
Epistemology
Corticosteroids daily
Anxiety
Dehydration
Briefing tests Depression an
Water addition
Pathophysiological

8
Disruption of epithelial cells

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Disruption of epithelial cells

Source – Another student’s paper
Disruption of epithelial cells

Pulmonary fibrosis

8
Chronic asthma mind map.

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Chronic asthma mind map

Source – Another student’s paper
Chronic asthma mind map

Detoxification Viruses and chlamydia

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Detoxification Viruses and chlamydia

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Detoxification Viruses and chlamydia

Antibiotics Treatment Allergies

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Antibiotics Treatment Allergies

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Antibiotics Treatment Allergies

Lung infection Disruption of epithelial cells

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Lung infection Disruption of epithelial cells

Source – Another student’s paper
Lung infection Disruption of epithelial cells

Working lungs
Mucus production

8
Inflammation Medical history

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Inflammation Medical history

Source – Another student’s paper
Inflammation Medical history

Clinical presentation Pathophysiology Epistemology Diagnosis Metal toxicity

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Clinical presentation Pathophysiology Epistemology Diagnosis Metal toxicity

Source – Another student’s paper
Clinical presentation Pathophysiology Epistemology Diagnosis Metal toxicity

Chronic asthma
References
D’Amato, G. (2011).

11
Effects of climatic changes and urban air pollution on the rising trends of respiratory allergy and asthma.

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Effects of climatic changes and urban air pollution on the rising trends of respiratory allergy and asthma

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Effects of climatic changes and urban air pollution on the rising trends of respiratory allergy and asthma

Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 6(1), 28.

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Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 6(1), 28

Source – Another student’s paper
Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 6(1), 28–37

Durham, A.

12
L., Caramori, G., Chung, K.

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L., Caramori, G., Chung, K

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L., Caramori, G., Chung, K

F., & Adcock, I.

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F., & Adcock, I

Source – Another student’s paper
F., & Adcock, I

M. (2016).

12
Targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.

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Targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease

Source – Another student’s paper
Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

13
Translational Research, 167(1), 192-203.

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Translational Research, 167(1), 192-203

Source – Another student’s paper
Translational Research, 167(1), 192-203

Nakagome, K., & Nagata, M. (2011).
Pathogenesis of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma. Auris Nasus
Larynx, 38(5), 555-563.

USW1.46926.202030 – NURS-6501N-47,Advanced Pathophysiology.2019 Winter Qtr 11/25-02/16-PT27

SafaAssign Drafts

semiloore Akerele
on Mon, Jan 06 2020, 12:08 AM

51% highest match

Submission ID: b9b326db-b8e7-4e07-8170-3004a61e23c1

• RevisedAsthma x

  Word Count: 743

  Attachment ID: 2471841258

  51%

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Running head: ASTHMA 1
ASTHMA 5

1
Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic and acute asthma exacerbation

Suspected Entry: 92% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic and acute asthma exacerbation

Source – Another student’s paper
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic Asthma and Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Student Name
Instructor
Institution Affiliation
Date
1
Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic and acute asthma exacerbation

Suspected Entry: 92% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic and acute asthma exacerbation

Source – Another student’s paper
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Chronic Asthma and Acute Asthma Exacerbation

Asthma refers to conditions that affect
pulmonary. It brings about either intense or interminable irritation of
respiratory tracts and fixing of the breathing tract muscles. The
pathophysiological system of intensifying acute and incessant malignant
growth is like the etiological parts of steady chlamydia and infections.
In this way, understanding the pathophysiological mechanism is basic in
deciding diagnosis, exacerbation, and prescription of its treatment.
For
asthma to grow viruses and other organisms play vital roles. In
intensification, the key instrument is viral replication bringing about
the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract which triggers irritation,
cytokine discharge, in this way it brings about the creation of more
bodily fluid. Notwithstanding, chlamydia and infection never prompt
changes in blood vessel blood according to Durham, et al. (2016). During
exacerbation of asthma, dehydration plays a vital role because it has a
close relation to the water levels in the body with regards to
epithelial cells’ airway.

2
In case asthma attacks through dehydration, the blood vessel display
extremely sharp changes in the blood PH which could ascend to as high as
7.60 while the blood PaO2 decreases to exceptionally low levels inside a
brief span as low as 40 mm Hg combined with a sharp ascent in PaCO2,
according to Nakagome and Nagata (2011).

Suspected Entry: 69% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
In case asthma attacks
through dehydration, the blood vessel display extremely sharp changes
in the blood PH which could ascend to as high as 7.60 while the blood
PaO2 decreases to exceptionally low levels inside a brief span as low as
40 mm Hg combined with a sharp ascent in PaCO2, according to Nakagome
and Nagata (2011)

Source – Another student’s paper
According to Walsh, Sills and Arnold (2017), during asthma
attack through dehydration, the arterial blood patterns exhibit very
sharp changes in the blood PH which could rise to as high as 7.60 while
the blood PaO2 reduces to very low levels within a short time as low as
40 mm Hg coupled with a sharp rise in PaCO2

The period of emotional grief, stress, and sorrow also trigger acute asthma symptoms during exacerbation.

Suspected Entry: 66% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
The period of emotional grief, stress, and sorrow also trigger acute asthma symptoms during exacerbation

Source – Another student’s paper
Acute asthma can also be triggered by a period of
emotional stress grief and sorrow are upheavals to asthma symptoms
exacerbations

In such cases, levels of oxygen drop very fast making a patient lose
inner breathe instantly thus rising their CO2 levels alongside the PH
levels with almost the same levels. If there should be an occurrence of
exceptional feelings, asthma occurs as manifestation, for example, short
breathes, expanded respiratory obstruction, and the diminished pinnacle
of expiratory stream rates.
The factor
I selected is allergic regardless of its being a predominant
multifactorial condition. In most cases, asthma exacerbation speeds
where there is a chronic or strong family history of allergic reactions.
It means the allergy effect is triggered by immunological responses
factor in the symptomatology of asthma. Therefore, this factor impacts
the pathophysiology of both disorders by disrupting the normal
epithelial cells leading to the trigger of a response explaining the
common occurring allergies in response to the inhalant antigens.
Ceaseless asthma is likewise exacerbated in the respiratory tract
because of the presentation of toxic metals.

3
Metals raise the PH and the CO2 content in the blood rises up thus reducing oxygen (D’Amato, 2011).

Suspected Entry: 63% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Metals raise the PH and the CO2 content in the blood rises up thus reducing oxygen (D’Amato, 2011)

Source – Another student’s paper
Metals raise the PH levels in the human body making CO2 contents in the blood to raise and reducing the oxygen content

All the referenced components affect
the pathophysiological issue present in asthma. The analysis of asthma
pursues an exceptional methodology as set up by exacerbation. If a
patient is suspected of asthma the doctor performs an allergic test. For
this situation, breathing and restorative history tests are done to
decide how well their lungs are functioning. Asthma has no positive fix,
in this manner if an individual is acknowledged with it, an allergist
suggests they take prescriptions that keep away from asthma triggers.

3
Prescriptions such as corticosteroids are recommended to be taken on a daily basis.

Suspected Entry: 64% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Prescriptions such as corticosteroids are recommended to be taken on a daily basis

Source – Another student’s paper
One of the drugs recommended and are taken daily according to prescriptions is the Corticosteroids

In case the dehydration test is involved and finds the patient’s water
level is below the required level taking more water to boost it is
recommended. For the instance of lethal metals, body-liquids and solids
are examined for any nearness of poisonous substances in the body
including circulatory system subsequently proposing of overwhelming
harmfulness. Finally, in the case of chlamydia and virus, a test is done
through epistemological tests. If established positively antibiotics
are given to attack them, thus reducing asthma.

4
Acute asthma mind mapAcute asthma Diagnosis Treatment

Suspected Entry: 76% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Acute asthma mind mapAcute asthma Diagnosis Treatment

Source – Another student’s paper
Mind map ( Diagnosis ) ( Treatment ) ( Acute asthma ) of Acute asthma

Emotional stress
Therapy
Clinical presentation
Epistemology
Corticosteroids daily
Anxiety
Dehydration
Briefing tests Depression an
Water addition
Pathophysiological

5
Disruption of epithelial cells

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Disruption of epithelial cells

Source – Another student’s paper
Disruption of epithelial cells

Pulmonary fibrosis

5
Chronic asthma mind map.

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Chronic asthma mind map

Source – Another student’s paper
Chronic asthma mind map

Detoxification Viruses and chlamydia

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Detoxification Viruses and chlamydia

Source – Another student’s paper
Detoxification Viruses and chlamydia

Antibiotics Treatment Allergies

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Antibiotics Treatment Allergies

Source – Another student’s paper
Antibiotics Treatment Allergies

Lung infection Disruption of epithelial cells

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Lung infection Disruption of epithelial cells

Source – Another student’s paper
Lung infection Disruption of epithelial cells

Working lungs
Mucus production

5
Inflammation Medical history

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Inflammation Medical history

Source – Another student’s paper
Inflammation Medical history

Clinical presentation Pathophysiology Epistemology Diagnosis Metal toxicity

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Clinical presentation Pathophysiology Epistemology Diagnosis Metal toxicity

Source – Another student’s paper
Clinical presentation Pathophysiology Epistemology Diagnosis Metal toxicity

Chronic asthma
References
D’Amato, G. (2011).

6
Effects of climatic changes and urban air pollution on the rising trends of respiratory allergy and asthma.

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Effects of climatic changes and urban air pollution on the rising trends of respiratory allergy and asthma

Source – Another student’s paper
Effects of climatic changes and urban air pollution on the rising trends of respiratory allergy and asthma

Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 6(1), 28.

Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 6(1), 28

Source – Another student’s paper
Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 6(1), 28–37

Durham, A.

7
L., Caramori, G., Chung, K.

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
L., Caramori, G., Chung, K

Source – Another student’s paper
L., Caramori, G., Chung, K

F., & Adcock, I.

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
F., & Adcock, I

Source – Another student’s paper
F., & Adcock, I

M. (2016).

7
Targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Targeted anti-inflammatory therapeutics in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease

Source – Another student’s paper
Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

8
Translational Research, 167(1), 192-203.

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded – RevisedAsthma x
Translational Research, 167(1), 192-203

Source – Another student’s paper
Translational Research, 167(1), 192-203

Nakagome, K., & Nagata, M. (2011).
Pathogenesis of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma. Auris Nasus
Larynx, 38(5), 555-563.