Habitat

fragmentation usually leads to a(n)

Multip

le Choice

·

decrease in biodiversity.

·

increase in biodiversity due to the isolated populations.

·

increase in th

e number of introduced species.

·

more stable environment.

·

reduction in the number of introduced species.

Which of the following statements about overharvesting is FALSE?

Multiple Choice

·

Even highly abundant species can be overharvested.

·

Large

–

scale fishing has led to depletion of top predators like tuna and sharks.

·

Overharvesting is a problem with animals, but not with plants.

·

Predator

–

control efforts (which target certain species) are expensive, but not very

effective.

·

Trade in wild spec

ies as pets is a major contributor to overharvesting.

Which of these statements about invasive species is FALSE?

Multiple Choice
·

Most are species introduced from other parts of the world.

·

The

y are a threat because they can out

–

compete native species.

· The

y can thrive because they are free from their native predators.

·

They may be accidentally or intentionally introduced.

·

While they may cause ecological damage, they generally cause little economic

damage.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Multiple Choice
·

Humans have never had significant impact on species extinctions until the past four

decades.

·

Humans only began causing extinctions in the past 150 years.

·

Humans may have been causing extinctions thousands of years ago, but our impact

has recently increased.

·

Humans are responsible for many of the mass extinctions in the geologic record.

·

Humans have been causing extinctions for thousands of years and we are s

till

causing extinctions at about the same rate.

The main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endangered

species is because

Multiple Choice

· invertebrates are more numerous and the relative percentages are similar.

· it is extremely difficult to identify and count invertebrates.

· we consider other groups, such as mammals, to be more interesting and desirable.

· worldwide there are relatively few invertebrates when compared to plants.

In general, funding for recovery programs is given to species that are

Multiple Choice

· in the most danger.

· keystone

species.

· most important.

· most numerous.

· most well known.

The objective of a species recovery plan is to

Multiple Choice

· interbreed threatened species with common species.

· increase an endangered species population until it is no longer endangered.

· invest corporate capital in species maintenance.

· study the species for a better understanding of its role in the biological community.

· protect the species to aid other organisms and resources in the ecosystem.

A/an ____________ species is one that requires a large area of generally undisturbed habitat to maintain viable populations. By saving this habitat, many other species benefit.

Multiple Choice

· endangered

· flagship

· indicator

· keystone

· umbrella

Choose five (5) of the following questions to answer. Please answer each question in one or two complete sentences. Each question/answer is worth 1 point.

  

You may answer additional questions for additional points.

(A) What are the two environmental characteristics which are used to define biomes?

(B) Aquatic ecosystems are divided into marine and freshwater ecosystems. What is the primary difference between marine and freshwater ecosystems?

(C) What is the difference between a deciduous tree and a coniferous tree?

(D) Imagine two forests. One has very high species diversity and the other has very low species diversity. Which forest would be expected to better withstand climate change? Explain your answer.

(E) What is the purpose of E.O. Wilson’s acronym HIPPO? (This is asking for the purpose of the acronym, not what the letters stand for.)

(F) The purpose of the ESA is to protect specific species (hence its name). Often, a management plan for protecting a species becomes a management plan protecting specific habitat. Why is this?

(G) What is the purpose of CITES?

The temperature boundary in freshwater lakes is the

Multiple Choice

· thermocline.

· epilimnion.

· benthos.

· hypolimnion.

How is a swamp different from a marsh?

Multiple Choice

· Swamps

have trees, while marshes do not.

· Marshes

are freshwater while swamps are salt water.

· Swamps have low productivity, while marshes have high productivity.

· Swamps have water saturated ground composed of peat, while marshes have low productivity.

· Swamps have high productivity, while marshes have low productivity.

In aquatic ecosystems, there is vertical stratification in

Multiple Choice

· nutrients.

· sunlight.

· temperature.

· sunlight and temperature.

· nutrients, sunlight, and temperature.

Which of these is a marine ecosystem?

Multiple Choice

· bog

· fen

· mangrove

· marsh

· stream

Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of

Multiple Choice

· different kinds of organisms within a community or ecosystem.

· different versions of the same gene in an ecological community.

· sizes, colors, and shapes of organisms within an ecological community.

· niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes of a biological community.

· different species in an ecosystem.

We are usually referring to species diversity when we talk about biodiversity. However, genetic diversity is also important to ecological systems because diverse genes

Multiple Choice

· increase the efficiency and productivity of a system because all niches are filled.

· allow an individual organism to adapt to its changing environment.

· are necessary for a population to evolve in a changing environment.

· lead to diverse ecological processes in a biological community.

· are important for a balanced ecosystem.

Which of the following is an example of genetic biodiversity?

Multiple Choice

· a community of species in a bog ecosystem

· five different species crayfish in a river

· an endangered species of bear

· three different color variations of the same butterfly species

Most of the species that are yet undiscovered are probably

Multiple Choice

· mammals and reptiles.

· birds and fish.

· fungi.

· invertebrates.

· multicellular plants.

Species diversity is most concentrated in

Multiple Choice

· North America and Europe.

· South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia.

· Africa, Australia, and Europe.

· Australia, East Asia, and Antarctica.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of high biodiversity?

Multiple Choice

· aesthetic and cultural value

· ecological value

· potential medicinal value

· potential sources of food

· production of carbon dioxide

The main threat causing the current high rate of extinctions is

Multiple Choice

· commercial harvesting of wildlife in Africa.

· drought conditions caused by the greenhouse effect.

· habitat destruction worldwide.

· uncontrolled sport hunting in the developed world.

Historically, the greatest threat to grasslands has been

Multiple Choice

· damage by off-road vehicles.

· air pollution.

· conversion to farmland.

· global climate change.

· mineral extraction.

What biome is characterized by moderate temperatures and abundant precipitation?

Multiple Choice

· chaparral

· tropical rainforest

· temperate rainforest

· taiga

· No biome has moderate temperatures and abundant precipitation.

Tropical moist forests have high species diversity because they have highly developed, diverse niche opportunities and habitats.

Group starts

True or False

This biome is characterized by steady levels of precipitation all year, but seasonal temperatures. Average winter temperatures are below freezing, spring and fall temperatures are mild, and summers are quite warm.

Multiple Choice

· temperate deciduous forest

· tropical rainforest
· temperate rainforest

· desert

· tropical savanna

This biome occurs at mid-latitudes and is characterized by cold winters and warm summers. There are few forests, but have grasses with deep roots that help to build soil.

Multiple Choice

· temperate grasslands

· temperate rainforests

· deserts

· temperate deciduous forest

· tundra

This biome is characterized by permanently frozen soil.

Multiple Choice
· tundra

· boreal forest

· temperate rainforest
· temperate deciduous forest

· cold desert

This biome has steady average temperature each month of the year and high annual precipitation that is steady year-round, not seasonal.

Multiple Choice
· tropical rainforest
· temperate rainforest
· tropical savanna
· temperate grasslands
· temperate deciduous forest

Estuaries contain a mix of fresh and salt water.

True or False

In terms of species diversity and complexity, a coral reef would be similar to which terrestrial biome?

Multiple Choice

· savannah

· arctic tundra

· tropical rainforest
· chaparral

________ are often referred to as nursery areas due to the number of organisms that use them for breeding.

Multiple Choice

· Estuaries

· Marshes

· Sea-grass beds

· Swamps

· Tide pools

The base of the marine food web is

Multiple Choice

· phytoplankton.

· sharks.

· sea stars.

· coral reef organisms.

Most fish we are familiar with, like tuna and salmon, are found within the

Multiple Choice

· benthic zone.

· littoral zone.

· pelagic zone.

· hadal zone.

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Use the following graph to answer the questions.
  

  

Desert biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter

Top of Form

Multiple Choice

· A.

· B.

· C.

· D.

· E.

Bottom of Form

Temperate forest biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter

Top of Form
Multiple Choice
· A.
· B.
· C.
· D.
· E.

The area marked “A” has a

Top of Form
Multiple Choice

· narrow precipitation and narrow temperature range.

· narrow precipitation range and wide temperature range.

· wide precipitation and wide temperature range.

· wide precipitation range and narrow temperature range.

Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form

Habitat fragmentation usually leads to a(n)

Multiple Choice

·

decrease in biodiversity.

·

increase in biodiversity due to the isolated populations.

·

increase in th
e number of introduced species.

·

more stable environment.

·

reduction in the number of introduced species.

Which of the following statements about overharvesting is FALSE?

Multiple Choice

·

Even highly abundant species can be overharvested.

·

Large
–
scale fishing has led to depletion of top predators like tuna and sharks.

·

Overharvesting is a problem with animals, but not with plants.

·

Predator
–
control efforts (which target certain species) are expensive, but not very
effective.

·

Trade in wild spec
ies as pets is a major contributor to overharvesting.

Which of these statements about invasive species is FALSE?

Multiple Choice

·

Most are species introduced from other parts of the world.

·

They are a threat because they can out
–
compete native species.

·

The
y can thrive because they are free from their native predators.

·

They may be accidentally or intentionally introduced.

·

While they may cause ecological damage, they generally cause little economic
damage.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Multip
le Choice

·

Humans have never had significant impact on species extinctions until the past four
decades.

·

Humans only began causing extinctions in the past 150 years.

·

Humans may have been causing extinctions thousands of years ago, but our impact
has recently increased.

·

Humans are responsible for many of the mass extinctions in the geologic record.

·

Humans have been causing extinctions for thousands of years and we are s
till
causing extinctions at about the same rate.

The main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endangered
species is because

Habitat fragmentation usually leads to a(n)

Multiple Choice

 decrease in biodiversity.

 increase in biodiversity due to the isolated populations.

 increase in the number of introduced species.

 more stable environment.

 reduction in the number of introduced species.

Which of the following statements about overharvesting is FALSE?

Multiple Choice

 Even highly abundant species can be overharvested.

 Large-scale fishing has led to depletion of top predators like tuna and sharks.

 Overharvesting is a problem with animals, but not with plants.

 Predator-control efforts (which target certain species) are expensive, but not very

effective.

 Trade in wild species as pets is a major contributor to overharvesting.

Which of these statements about invasive species is FALSE?

Multiple Choice

 Most are species introduced from other parts of the world.

 They are a threat because they can out-compete native species.

 They can thrive because they are free from their native predators.

 They may be accidentally or intentionally introduced.

 While they may cause ecological damage, they generally cause little economic

damage.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Multiple Choice

 Humans have never had significant impact on species extinctions until the past four

decades.

 Humans only began causing extinctions in the past 150 years.

 Humans may have been causing extinctions thousands of years ago, but our impact

has recently increased.

 Humans are responsible for many of the mass extinctions in the geologic record.

 Humans have been causing extinctions for thousands of years and we are still

causing extinctions at about the same rate.

The main reason that there are relatively few invertebrates categorized as endangered

species is because