I have submitted the assignment once, and I got the feedback from the instructor. I need someone to help me modify my article, and I really need to get full points for this assignment. What I need is correct the wrong parts according to the instructor’s feedback and the criteria.

060 Reading and Writing Climate Change

“Are Electric Vehicles Really So Climate Friendly?”

Hans-Werner Sinn

The Guardian

November 25, 2019

Germany’s automobile industry is its most important industrial sector. But it is in crisis, and not only because it is experiencing the effects of a recession brought on by Volkswagen’s cheating on emissions standards, which sent consumers elsewhere. The sector is also facing the existential threat of exceedingly strict 

European Union

 emissions requirements, which are only seemingly grounded in environmental policy.

The EU clearly overstepped the mark with the 

carbon dioxide regulation

 that went into effect on 17 April 2019. From 2030 onwards, European carmakers must have achieved average vehicle emissions of just 59 grams of CO2 per km, which corresponds to fuel consumption of 2.2 litres of diesel equivalent per 100 km (

107 miles per gallon

). This simply will not be possible.

As late as 2006, 

average emissions

 for new passenger vehicles registered in the EU were around 161 g/km. As cars became smaller and lighter, that figure fell to 118 g/km in 2016. But this average crept back up, owing to an increase in the market share of gasoline engines, which emit more CO2 than diesel engines do. By 2018, the average emissions of newly registered cars had once again climbed to slightly above 120 g/km, which is twice what will be permitted in the long term.

Even the most gifted engineers will not be able to build internal combustion engines (ICEs) that meet the EU’s prescribed standards (unless they force their customers into soapbox cars). But, apparently, that is precisely the point. The EU wants to reduce fleet emissions by forcing a shift to electric vehicles. After all, in its legally binding formula for calculating fleet emissions, it simply assumes EVs do not emit any CO2 whatsoever.

The implication is that if an auto company’s production is split evenly between electric vehicles and ICE vehicles that conform to the present average, the 59 g/km target will be just within reach. If a company cannot produce electric vehicles and remains at the current average emissions level, it will have to pay a fine of about €6,000 (£5,150) per car, or otherwise merge with a competitor that can build electric vehicles.

But the EU’s formula is nothing but a huge scam. Electric vehicles also emit substantial amounts of CO2, the only difference being that the exhaust is released at a remove – that is, at the power plant. As long as coal- or gas-fired power plants are needed to ensure energy supply during the “dark doldrums” when the wind is not blowing and the sun is not shining, EVs, like ICE vehicles, run partly on hydrocarbons. And even when they are charged with solar- or wind-generated energy, enormous amounts of fossil fuels are used to produce EV batteries in China and elsewhere, offsetting the supposed emissions reduction. As such, the EU’s intervention is not much better than a cutoff device for an emissions control system.

Earlier this year, the physicist Christoph Buchal and I

published

a research 

paper

 showing that, in the context of Germany’s energy mix, an EV emits a bit more CO2 than a modern diesel car, even though its battery offers drivers barely more than half the range of a tank of diesel. And shortly thereafter, data published by VW confirmed that its e-Rabbit vehicle emits 

slightly more CO2

 than its Rabbit Diesel within the German energy mix. (When based on the overall European energy mix, which includes a huge share of nuclear energy from France, the e-Rabbit fares slightly better than the Rabbit Diesel.)

Adding further evidence, the Austrian thinktank Joanneum Research has just published a large-scale 

study

 commissioned by the Austrian automobile association, ÖAMTC, and its German counterpart, ADAC, that also 

confirms

 those findings. According to this study, a mid-sized electric passenger car in Germany must drive 219,000 km before it starts outperforming the corresponding diesel car in terms of CO2 emissions. The problem, of course, is that passenger cars in Europe last for only 180,000km, on average. Worse, according to Joanneum, EV batteries don’t last long enough to achieve that distance in the first place. Unfortunately, drivers’ anxiety about the cars’ range prompts them to recharge their batteries too often, at every opportunity, and at a high speed, which is bad for durability.

As for EU lawmakers, there are now only two explanations for what is going on: either they didn’t know what they were doing, or they deliberately took Europeans for a ride. Both scenarios suggest that the EU should reverse its interventionist industrial policy, and instead rely on market-based instruments such as a comprehensive emissions trading system.

With Germany’s energy mix, the EU’s regulation on fleet fuel consumption will not do anything to protect the climate. It will, however, destroy jobs, sap growth, and increase the public’s distrust in the EU’s increasingly opaque bureaucracy.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/25/are-electric-vehicles-really-so-climate-friendly

Analysis

In this analysis part, we Iare going to analyse a paper on the topic of electric vehicles. The paper does an investigation on the effectiveness of the electric vehicle nowadays. In the industrial sector, the automobile industry of Germany is one of the most important place holders. Still, the industry sector is facing a crisis. This crisis becomes an industrial threat to the company in terms of environmental policy. The author uses this example as logos in the essay. To persuade the readers, the author explains that the allowable EU emissions are 59 grams of CO2 per km while the emission of cars in 2016 was 118 g/km but rose to above 120 g/km in 2018. He also states that Volkswagen cheated on the emission standards as it emitted a high amount of carbon dioxide that exceeded the EU limits. INCLUDE THESIS HERE. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Write the article title. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Use the author’s name as the paper cannot do an investigation; only people can. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Save the discussion of logos and specific points for later paragraphs. In the introduction you just want to briefly summarize the main idea of the article, and write a thesis statement that provides an outline of the issues you will write about.

The author presents arguments argument that supports the claim that the carbon dioxide regulations set by the EU are difficult to be achieved. The explanation he gives for this argument is that the EU set vehicle emissions at 59 grams CO2/km while vehicles emit 120 g/km. To persuade the readers that the EU limits cannot be reached, the author explains that the most gifted engineers would not build ICEs that meet EU standards. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Be sure to state whether it is an appeal to reader’s emotions, logic, or something else. Lastly state whether the appeal was effect, and why.

According to the EU, the EVs transform roughly more than fifty-five to sixty percentages of the electrical energy of the terminal to strengthen the vehicle wheels. which is better than that of conventional gasoline vehicles. Conventional gasoline vehicles can only convert EVs roughly about twenty percentages of the energy saved in gasoline. So, the electric vehicles are very effective in the vehicle industry (Hanely, 2018). Comment by Microsoft Office User: Fix this. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Phrasing makes this a little difficult to understand.

But the another presented an argument that the EU’s formula is a scam because electric vehicles emit more carbon dioxide than gasoline and diesel vehicles. However, the EU assumes that electric vehicles do not emit carbon dioxide. He convinces the audience that the EU’s formula is a scam by explaining that the power plants that are relied on by electric vehicles also emit substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. He also states that EV batteries are produced using fossil fuels, and this offsets the supposed emission reduction. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Wrong spelling. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Put this word in quotations Comment by Microsoft Office User: Use the author’s name. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Use the active voice. Comment by Microsoft Office User: What kind of appeal does the author make in this paragraph?

The author uses ethos by stating that he has published a research paper together with the physicist Christoph Buchal. This helps him establish authority over the leaders to ensure that they trust him. He also uses the publishing of research paper as pathos to persuade the reader that electronic vehicles emit more carbon dioxide than diesel cars. Another evidence to support the argument that EVs emit more carbon dioxide is the data published by Volkswagen. The author also presents further evidence that confirms EVs emit more carbon dioxide than diesel cars by explaining that the Austrian thinktank Johanneum Research and German ADAC confirmed the findings. Electronic vehicles must also drive 219,000 km to outperform diesel cars on emissions, however, cars do not last more than 180,000 km in Europe. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Good information presented in this paragraph. Be sure to discuss why the author’s presentation of this information was effective or ineffective.

The author analysed the issue very efficiently and added the ethos, pathos, and logos effectively in the paper. There are a lot of arguments in the paper that are supported by evidence. He concludes that the EU regulations will only cause more harm and that the EU should rely on market-based instruments. So, by conventional gasoline car, we cannot limit the harm but it is also analysed that electric vehicle emits more carbon die oxide than the conventional cars. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Briefly summarize these arguments.

References:

Hanely, S. (2018). ’Electric Car Myth Buster—Efficiency’. Clean Technica. Comment by Microsoft Office User: I’m not sure if you reviewed the right information as the title, name and reference entry looks very different from the one posted online.

Analysis

In this analysis part, we are going to analyse a paper on the topic of electric vehicles. The paper does an investigation on the effectiveness of the electric vehicle nowadays. In the industrial sector, the automobile industry of Germany is one of the most important place holders. Still, the industry sector is facing a crisis. This crisis becomes an industrial threat to the company in terms of environmental policy. The author uses this example as logos in the essay. To persuade the readers, the author explains that the allowable EU emissions are 59 grams of CO2 per km while the emission of cars in 2016 was 118 g/km but rose to above 120 g/km in 2018. He also states that Volkswagen cheated on the emission standards as it emitted a high amount of carbon dioxide that exceeded the EU limits.

The author presents arguments argument that supports the claim that the carbon dioxide regulations set by the EU are difficult to be achieved. The explanation he gives for this argument is that the EU set vehicle emissions at 59 grams CO2/km while vehicles emit 120 g/km. To persuade the readers that the EU limits cannot be reached, the author explains that the most gifted engineers would not build ICEs that meet EU standards.

According to the EU, the EVs transform roughly more than fifty-five to sixty percentages of the electrical energy of the terminal to strengthen the vehicle wheels. which is better than that of conventional gasoline vehicles. Conventional gasoline vehicles can only convert EVs roughly about twenty percentages of the energy saved in gasoline. So, the electric vehicles are very effective in the vehicle industry (Hanely, 2018).

But the another presented an argument that the EU’s formula is a scam because electric vehicles emit more carbon dioxide than gasoline and diesel vehicles. However, the EU assumes that electric vehicles do not emit carbon dioxide. He convinces the audience that the EU’s formula is a scam by explaining that the power plants that are relied on by electric vehicles also emit substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. He also states that EV batteries are produced using fossil fuels, and this offsets the supposed emission reduction.

The author uses ethos by stating that he has published a research paper together with the physicist Christoph Buchal. This helps him establish authority over the leaders to ensure that they trust him. He also uses the publishing of research paper as pathos to persuade the reader that electronic vehicles emit more carbon dioxide than diesel cars. Another evidence to support the argument that EVs emit more carbon dioxide is the data published by Volkswagen. The author also presents further evidence that confirms EVs emit more carbon dioxide than diesel cars by explaining that the Austrian thinktank Johanneum Research and German ADAC confirmed the findings. Electronic vehicles must also drive 219,000 km to outperform diesel cars on emissions, however, cars do not last more than 180,000 km in Europe.

The author analysed the issue very efficiently and added the ethos, pathos, and logos effectively in the paper. There are a lot of arguments in the paper that are supported by evidence. He concludes that the EU regulations will only cause more harm and that the EU should rely on market-based instruments. So, by conventional gasoline car, we cannot limit the harm but it is also analysed that electric vehicle emits more carbon die oxide than the conventional cars.

References:

Hanely, S. (2018). ’Electric Car Myth Buster—Efficiency’. Clean Technica.