Overview
Develop a 4–6-page position about a specific health care issue as it relates to a target vulnerable population. Include an analysis of existing evidence and position papers to help support your position. Your analysis should also present and respond to one or more opposing viewpoints.
Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on
Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations
Just from $13/Page
Note: Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.
Position papers are a method to evaluate the most current evidence and policies related to health care issues. They offer a way for researchers to explore the views of any number of organizations around a topic. This can help you to develop your own position and approach to care around a topic or issue.
This assessment will focus on analyzing position papers about an issue related to addiction, chronicity, emotional and mental health, genetics and genomics, or immunity. Many of these topics are quickly evolving as technology advances, or as we attempt to push past stigmas. For example, technology advances and DNA sequencing provide comprehensive information to allow treatment to become more targeted and effective for the individual. However as a result, nurses must be able to understand and teach patients about the impact of this information. With this great power comes concerns that patient conditions are protected in an ethical and compassionate manner.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Design evidence-based advanced nursing care for achieving high-quality population outcomes.
Evaluate the evidence and positions of others that could support a team’s approach to improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population.
Evaluate the evidence and positions of others that are contrary to a team’s approach to improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population.
Competency 2: Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of interprofessional interventions in achieving desired population health outcomes.
Explain the role of the interprofessional team in facilitating improvements for a specific issue in a target population.
Competency 3: Analyze population health outcomes in terms of their implications for health policy advocacy.
Explain a position with regard to health outcomes for a specific issue in a target population.
Competency 4: Communicate effectively with diverse audiences, in an appropriate form and style, consistent with organizational, professional, and scholarly standards.
Communicate an initial viewpoint regarding a specific issue in a target population and a synthesis of existing positions in a logically structured and concise manner, writing content clearly with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
Position papers are a way for individuals, groups, and organizations to express their views and intentions toward a specific issue. In health care, many position papers address specific policies, regulations, or other approaches to care. As a master’s-prepared nurse, you should feel empowered to express and advocate for your own views on policy and care matters. This is especially important when it comes to populations you or your organization cares for that are not receiving the quality, type, or amount of care that they require.
An important skill in creating a position paper or policy proposal is the ability to analyze and synthesize others’ views about the population or issue of interest to you. By synthesizing the positive and negative views of an issue, you can become better equipped to strengthen your own arguments and to respond to opposing views in an informed and convincing way.
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.
SHOW LESS
Assessment 1 will be based on an analysis of position papers that are relevant to a health care issue related to a vulnerable population. Think about your experience working with vulnerable populations, and the issues related to health care you have observed for those populations, or reflect on the two Vila Health simulations in the Resources.
- What is the vulnerable population that most interests you?
What is the health issue that is most prevalent or severe in the population?
How does the health issue impact the daily lives of members of the population?
How does the care environment in your chosen context impact both the population and the level of care related to the health issue?
What are the biggest challenges that you would need to overcome to improve the outcomes for the population related to the health issue?
- What is your position on how to best work to improve the care and outcomes that the population is receiving?
What previously published position papers support your position, or the need to work to improve care and outcomes in general for the population?
How do these position papers support your assertions?
How could one or more of the position papers help you to form a treatment plan?
What previously published position papers contradict your position?
What, if any, of these differences would make your position stronger if you incorporated them?
How could you respond to any irreconcilable differences in such a way as to encourage buy-in for your position from those opposed?
Assessment
Instructions
Scenario
Pretend you are a member of an interprofessional team that is attempting to improve the quality of health care and the outcomes in a vulnerable population. For the first step in your team’s work, you have decided to conduct an analysis of current position papers that address the issue and population you are considering.
In your analysis you will note the team’s initial views on the issue in the population as well as the views across a variety of relevant position papers. You have been tasked with finding the most current standard of care or evidenced-based practice and evaluating both the pros and cons of the issue. For the opposing viewpoints, it is important to discuss how the team could respond to encourage support. This paper will be presented to a committee of relevant stakeholders from your care setting and the community. If it receives enough support, you will be asked to create a new policy that could be enacted to improve the outcomes related to your chosen issue and target population.
The care setting, population, and health care issue that you use for this assessment will be used in the other assessments in this course. Consider your choice carefully. There are two main approaches for you to take in selecting the scenario for this assessment:
- You may use one of the issues and populations presented in the Vila Health: Health Challenges in Different Populations and Vila Health: Resources for Topical Research media pieces. For this approach, you may consider the population in the context of the Vila Health care setting, or translate it into the context in which you currently practice or have had recent experience.
- You may select a population and issue that is of interest to you and set them in the context of your current or desired future care setting. While you are free to choose any population of interest, the issue you choose should fall within one of the following broad categories:
Genetics and genomics.
Sickle cell, asthma, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis.
Immunity.
Type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), congenital neutropenia syndrome.
Chronicity.
Arthritis, any type of cancer or lung or heart disease, obesity.
Addiction.
Abuse of alcohol, prescription drugs, tobacco, illegal substances.
Emotion and mental health.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, eating disorders, psychosis.
Note: If you choose the second option, contact the FlexPath faculty for your section to make sure that your chosen issue and population will fit within the topic areas for this course.
Instructions
For this assessment you will develop a position summary and an analysis of relevant position papers on a health care issue in a chosen population. The bullet points below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Be sure that your submission addresses all of them. You may also want to read the Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations Scoring Guide and Guiding Questions: Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations to better understand how each grading criterion will be assessed.
Explain a position with regard to health outcomes for a specific issue in a target population.
Explain the role of the interprofessional team in facilitating improvements for a specific issue in a target population.
Evaluate the evidence and positions of others that could support a team’s approach to improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population.
Evaluate the evidence and positions of others that are contrary to a team’s approach to improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population.
Communicate an initial viewpoint regarding a specific issue in a target population and a synthesis of existing positions in a logically structured and concise manner, writing content clearly with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
Example Assessment: You may use the assessment example, linked in the Assessment Example section of the Resources, to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.
Additional Requirements
- Length of submission: 4–6 double-spaced, typed pages, not including the title and reference pages. Your plan should be succinct yet substantive. No abstract is required.
- Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3–5 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your initial position on the issue, as well as a minimum of 2–3 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that express contrary views or opinions. Resources should be no more than five years old.
- APA formatting: Use the APA Style Paper Template linked in the Resources. An APA Style Paper Tutorial is also provided to help you in writing and formatting your analysis.
GRADING RUBRIC:
1- Explain a position with regard to health outcomes for a specific issue in a target population.
Passing Grade: Explains a position with regard to health outcomes for a specific issue in a target population, and identifies assumptions on which the plan is based.
2- Explain the role of the interprofessional team in facilitating improvements for a specific issue in a target population.
Passing Grade: Explains the role of the interprofessional team in facilitating improvements for a specific issue in a target population. Acknowledges challenges that the team may face in working together or in facilitating improvements.
3- Evaluate the evidence and positions of others that could support a team’s approach to improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population.
Passing Grade: Evaluates the evidence and positions of others that could support a team’s approach to improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population. Identifies knowledge gaps, unknowns, missing information, unanswered questions, or areas of uncertainty (where further information could improve the evaluation).
4- Evaluate the evidence and positions of others that are contrary to a team’s approach for improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population.
Passing Grade: Evaluates the evidence and positions of others that are contrary to a team’s approach to improving the quality and outcomes of care for a specific issue in a target population. Impartially responds to conflicting data and other perspectives in a way that creates buy-in.
5- Communicate an initial viewpoint regarding a specific issue in a target population and a synthesis of existing positions in a logically structured and concise manner, writing content clearly with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Passing Grade: Communicates an initial viewpoint regarding a specific issue in a target population and synthesis of existing positions in a logically structured and concise manner, writing content clearly with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Identifies specific strategies or approaches used to ensure clear communication.
6- Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.
Passing Grade: Integrates relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style. Citations are free from all errors.
Runninghead: ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 1
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations
Learner’s Name
Capella University
Biopsychosocial Concepts for Advanced Nursing Practice II
Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations
October, 2018
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 2
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Analysis of Position Papers for Vulnerable Populations
As a group, veterans present a complicated, vulnerable population for the health care
industry. Reports show that more than half of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ primary
care patients state that they have pain, several of whom report chronic pain. Patients suffering
from chronic pain often have higher levels of medical utilization, more disability claims,
diminished productivity at work, and a poorer quality of life compared to patients who do not
suffer from chronic pain. Further, it has been observed that the latter present with higher rates of
alcohol and substance use disorders (Lovejoy, Dobscha, Turk, Weimer, & Morasco, 2016).
The need for pain management was advocated and discussed in the 1980s and 1990s.
Groups such as the WHO took a stand on how to address pain as a health care issue, particularly
with reference to how cancer and cancer treatment affects patient lives. It was argued that it is
unethical for any patient to be dying in pain, even if the treatment hastens death. This mandate
was initially meant for cancer patients with chronic pain; however, over time, it has been
extended to include chronic noncancer pain as well (Sullivan & Howe, 2013). One of the
treatments recommended at the time was using opioids to manage pain. However, studies have
since confirmed that a significant link exists between prescription opioid treatment and opioid
addiction (Compton, Jones, & Baldwin, 2016; Kolodny, Courtwright, Hwang, Kreiner, Eadie,
Clark, & Alexander, 2015; Volkow & McLellan, 2016). Veterans as a population are particularly
vulnerable in this situation given that many of them deal with both physiological pain and
psychological issues including post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse disorder
(Sullivan & Howe, 2013). It is then necessary to look for a solution that allows veterans dealing
with pain to manage it effectively and, further, to regulate and control the use of opioids to
minimize the risk of addiction as well as the potentially dangerous side effects of opioid use.
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 3
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Pain Relief Management and the Opioid Crisis
The guidelines issued by the WHO and the Declaration of Montreal issued by the
International Association for the Study of Pain state that if patients suffer from chronic pain, it is
unethical to let them remain in pain (Sullivan & Howe, 2013). However, there is a line that
separates the management of pain and the abuse of medication. Studies have shown that opioids
do provide significant pain relief in modest doses over a short period of treatment. However, the
long-term efficacy of opioids for pain relief management has not been proven to be clinically
significant (Sehgal, Colson, & Smith, 2013).
The management of pain to improve quality of life and the possibility of medication
abuse and addiction are two sides of the opioid issue. The position that the American Academy
of Neurology takes on the issue reiterates earlier studies that show that the efficacy of opioid
medication might not extend to a long-term prescription of opioids. The current state of opioid
prescription practices has been associated with significant morbidity and high rates of mortality
(Franklin, 2014). On a similar note, The American Osteopathic Academy of Addiction Medicine
(n.d.) issued a public policy statement on the use of naloxone, an opioid antagonist that blocks
opioid receptor activation and, through this, reverses opioid overdoses by preventing or reversing
respiratory arrest.
The American Society of Addiction Medicine (2016) also suggests a similar course of
action in terms of educating individuals on the use of naloxone. It also encourages those close to
the individual experiencing an opioid overdose to educate themselves on how to detect the onset
of an overdose. The same association presents the rising statistics associated with prescription
opioids and the necessity of raising awareness about the dangers associated with opioids and
educating people on the treatment of an opioid overdose. The American Society of Addiction
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 4
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Medicine recommends co-prescribing naloxone with opioids for people who might be at risk of
overdose and educating both the patient and those close to the patient on how to properly use a
naloxone kit.
Ethical Pain Management versus the Possibility of Addiction
The above papers focus on ensuring that the public and individuals prescribed opioids are
made aware of the dangers associated with the use of opioids. The addictive properties of opioids
and the epidemic of opioid overdoses that has spread over the past few decades are indicators of
the severity of the situation (Kolodny et al., 2015). The other side of the argument is that opioid
treatment is a necessity for many in chronic pain. In Sullivan and Howe’s 2013 study on opioid
therapy for chronic pain, the authors recount the history of the opioid crisis. The shift toward the
use of opioids in the treatment of pain was marked by the WHO issuance of guidelines for the
use of opioids in the context of pain relief for cancer patients in 1985 and 1996. This was
eventually extended to noncancer pain as well. The underlying logic at work was that chronic
noncancer pain could be debilitating to the same extent as cancer pain over longer periods of
time and with greater rates of prevalence.
There are two aspects to the counterargument presented by supporters of opioid
treatment. The first is that pain as a symptom or consequence of injury or illness can lead to
inferior quality of life, resulting in psychological difficulties and even impeding recovery
(Manjiani, Paul, Kunnumpurath, Kaye, & Vadivelu, 2014). The second aspect is that opioid
treatment potentially provides a long-term solution for chronic pain. This claim is made largely
as an extension of the efficacy that can be seen in short-term studies of opioid treatment
(Franklin, 2014).
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 5
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
However, as there exists very little evidence on the long-term efficacy of opioid
treatment, it becomes problematic that opioid treatment is already in practice to relieve chronic
noncancer pain. In the American Academy of Neurology’s position paper on the use of opioids
for chronic noncancer pain, Franklin (2014) analyzes both the rise of opioids as a treatment as
well as the epidemic of addiction and overdose that came about as a result of the advocacy for
opioid treatment. Aside from the dangers of addiction that individuals face, Franklin also
addresses the significant side effects that opioids present when taken over long durations,
including opioid-induced hyperalgesia, immunosuppression, infertility, and hypogonadism.
Newhouse states that opioid drugs were prescribed to over 400,000 veterans for pain
relief, which correlates to approximately 1.7 million opioid prescriptions (as cited in Snow &
Wynn, 2018). The effort to manage the chronic pain that veterans face, however, presents with
its own unique set of complications, particularly because of how widespread the use of opioid
treatment has become. Baser, Xie, Mardekian, Schaaf, Wang, and Joshi state that veterans are
approximately seven times more likely to abuse opioids than civilians (as cited in Snow &
Wynn, 2018). Further, opioids are more likely to be prescribed to individuals who have a history
of substance abuse and mental health issues, and this would result in unfavorable or harmful
outcomes such as drug abuse or opioid overdose (Howe & Sullivan, 2014). When considering
this with the prevalence of psychological issues and chronic physiological pain that many
veterans present with, it becomes apparent that long-term treatment with opioids for veterans is
not advisable.
Kissin found that 35% of veterans who were admitted to Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs
Medical Center’s acute inpatient psychiatric unit presented with severe post-traumatic stress
disorder symptoms, coupled with issues such as suicidal ideation and mood disturbances. Kissin
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 6
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
also found that 25% of these veterans had an underlying case of opioid use disorder (as cited in
Snow & Wynn, 2018). To treat veterans such as these who are comorbid with chronic pain and
behavioral issues, it is necessary to integrate the psychological and the psychiatric into the model
of care to sufficiently address the overall health of the patient (Snow & Wynn, 2018). Such a
model would require physicians, psychologists, and psychiatrists to simultaneously address the
needs of the patient. One of the issues they might encounter is managing the patient’s
prescriptions. Denenberg and Curtis and Hawkins et al. note that opioids are contraindicated for
patients with substance-abuse issues (as cited in Snow & Wynn, 2018); physicians and mental
health specialists would have to come to some resolution to mediate the patient’s need for pain
relief and the patient’s potential for abuse of his or her medication.
Weiss et al. (2014) note that individuals who present with post-traumatic stress disorder
and substance abuse disorder are likely to use opioids to relieve negative emotional states, aid
sleep, or relieve pain. Crowley, Kirschner, Dunn, and Bornstein (2017) suggest that behavioral
health should be taken into consideration while evaluating the overall health of the individual.
The purpose of opioid treatment is to improve the patient’s quality of life with respect to the
reduction of pain. Therefore, there should be a simultaneous push toward counseling to address
the overall health of the individual and not solely focus on pain. This would involve coordination
between counselors and physicians who specialize in pain management to effectively improve
the quality of life for these patients.
Conclusion
The management of chronic pain with long-term opioid treatment involves significant
risk and does not have clinically significant evidence to support its use. Veterans present a
complicated population because many of them deal with mental health issues such as post-
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 7
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse disorder as well as chronic pain. An analysis of
policies of various institutions and position papers on the use of opioids for pain management
brings into focus the severity of the opioid crisis. Most position papers take the stance that long-
term opioid treatment would not be advisable given the lack of evidence to support it. Further,
the abundance of public policy statements that advocate educating individuals on the use of
naloxone, an opioid antagonist, indicates the severity of the crisis in the present context. One
effective response to the existing crisis might be to simultaneously provide counseling along
with opioid treatment to address the individual’s overall health. The comorbidity of behavioral
issues and chronic pain in veterans indicates that they are a particularly vulnerable population,
with a high risk of addiction and prescription drug misuse. Therefore, to provide efficient,
holistic care, it is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of long-term opioid treatment and the
guidelines associated with it.
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 8
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
References
American Society of Addiction Medicine. (2016). Use of naloxone for the prevention of opioid
overdose deaths. Retrieved September 27, 2018, from https://asam.org/advocacy/find-a-
policy-statement/view-policy-statement/public-policy-statements/2014/08/28/use-of-
naloxone-for-the-prevention-of-drug-overdose-deaths
Compton, W. M., Jones, C. M., & Baldwin, G. T. (2016). Relationship between nonmedical
prescription-opioid use and heroin use. The New England Journal of Medicine, 374(2),
154–163. Retrieved from http://floridahealth.gov/statistics-and-data/e-forcse/news-
reports/_documents/NEJM-opioid-heroin-use
Crowley, R., Kirschner, N., Dunn, A. S., & Bornstein, S. S. (2017). Health and public policy to
facilitate effective prevention and treatment of substance use disorders involving illicit
and prescription drugs: An American College of Physicians position paper. Annals of
Internal Medicine, 166(10), 733–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M16-2953
Franklin, G. M. (2014). Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: A position paper of the American
Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 83(14), 1277–1284. Retrieved
from
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000839
Howe, C. Q., & Sullivan, M. D. (2014). The missing ‘P’ in pain management: How the current
opioid epidemic highlights the need for psychiatric services in chronic pain care. General
Hospital Psychiatry, 36(1), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.10.003
Kolodny, A., Courtwright, D. T., Hwang, C. S., Kreiner, P., Eadie, J. L., Clark, T. W., &
Alexander, G. C. (2015). The prescription opioid and heroin crisis: A public health
approach to an epidemic of addiction. Annual Review of Public Health, 36(1), 559–574.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 9
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Lovejoy, T. I., Dobscha, S. K., Turk, D. C., Weimer, M. B., & Morasco, B. J. (2016). Correlates
of prescription opioid therapy in veterans with chronic pain and history of substance use
disorder. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 53(1), 25–36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2014.10.0230
Manjiani, D., Paul, D. B., Kunnumpurath, S., Kaye, A. D., & Vadivelu, N. (2014). Availability
and utilization of opioids for pain management: Global issues. Ochsner Journal, 14(2),
208–215. Retrieved from
http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.proquest.com%2Fdocvie
w%2F1541487990%3Faccountid%3D27965
Sehgal, N., Colson, J., & Smith, H. S. (2013). Chronic pain treatment with opioid analgesics:
Benefits versus harms of long-term therapy. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 13(11),
1201–1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2013.846517
Snow, R., & Wynn, S. T. (2018). Managing opioid use disorder and co-occurring posttraumatic
stress disorder among veterans. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health
Services, 56(6), 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20180212-03
Sullivan, M. D., & Howe, C. Q. (2013). Opioid therapy for chronic pain in the US: Promises and
perils. Pain, 154(Suppl 1), S94–100. Retrieved from
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204477/
The American Osteopathic Academy of Addiction Medicine. (n.d.). Naloxone public policy
statement: The use of naloxone for the prevention of opioid overdose deaths. Retrieved
from
https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.aoaam.org/resource/resmgr/Docs/AOAAM_NALOXON
E_POLICY_2015
ANALYSIS OF POSITION PAPERS 10
Copyright ©2018 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
Volkow, N. D., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Opioid abuse in chronic pain — misconceptions and
mitigation strategies. The New England Journal of Medicine, 374(13), 1253–1263.
Retrieved from http://pcpr.pitt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Volkow-McLellan-
2016
Weiss, R. D., Potter, J. S., Griffin, M. L., McHugh, R. K., Haller, D., Jacobs, P., Rosen, K. D.
(2014). Reasons for opioid use among patients with dependence on prescription opioids:
The role of chronic pain. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 47(2), 140–145.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2014.03.004
Running
head: ANALYSIS OF
P
APER POSITION
1
ANALYSIS OF PAPER POSITION 6
Analysis of
P
aper
P
osition
Capella University
Alexander Ruche
March, 2021
The elderly is the most affected population in this country
.
People are expecting to live a longer life. Living for a longer life comes with opportunities not only to the families and society but to the older people. Staying for additional years is a chance to pursue activities with good opportunities including the advancement of technology. (Wanget al 2020). However, aging is associated with cellular and molecular damage leading to a decrease in capacity on physical and mental states. Therefore, the health risk vulnerability is high at this stage and conditions of health associated with aging are diabetes, osteopathy, depression, arthritis, and different type of cancer. The elderly tends to experience some health complex states and neither do they fall to any category of discrete state. These are delirium, falls, incontinence of urinary and associative ulcers. Comment by Dr. Loftus: Are – not is Comment by Dr. Loftus: Incorrect – (Wang, et al., 2020) – spaciing and punctuation! Comment by Dr. Loftus: Need citation for the source of this information. Comment by Dr. Loftus: Again, what is the source of this information?
Various factors are resulting in elderly diseases, some are related to genetics, some areas the results of the social and physical environment. Maintaining health behaviors has a great impact on the environment. Eating a balanced diet could be a result of some diseases because an inadequate intake of nutrients required by the body will lower immunity. A supportive environment is also good when it comes to maintaining. Globalization and development in technology could be affecting the elderly in one way or another. Comment by Dr. Loftus: All good information but what is the specific health issue for this population? You mentioned many issues but I would recommend focusing on just one and developing a specific position on what is needed to improve outcomes.
The interprofessional team in facilitating improvements
The interprofessional team is looking forward to providing efficient, quality, and improved care for elderly health. In this category, the health of the family is ideally designed to provide care to the elderly. (Martinet al 2018). Primary practitioners provide the necessary care to this population however there are challenges associated with this including insufficient facilities for the cancer patients. Due to the rising number of older people with difficulties in hospitals, the interdisciplinary approach is necessary to address their social and psychological issues. elderly require close attention, so the collaboration of family and the healthcare team is needed. The World Health Organization proposed integrated health care for the elderly. This includes an introduction, provision management, and organizing of health services like treating, diagnosing promotion of health, and even rehabilitation. Comment by Dr. Loftus: Yes – this is what is currently happening. The purpose of this paper is to identify a specific health issue experienced by a vulnerable population and to develop a position that will improve outcomes. Comment by Dr. Loftus: Alexander, the difficulty here is that you have not identified a specific health issue or a specific position on what is needed to improve outcomes.
The discussion on the role of the interprofessional team should focus on facilitating outcomes for the specific health issue, in line with your position.
Corporations of the medical administration and the professional’s affiliates will work towards the success of medical services. The research has shown a health improvement on the elderly when the interprofessional team is involved. However, the elderly might not be willing to participate in health engagement because of the increased rate of dementia as the age advances. The effectiveness of the team should be involved with competence in being social, negotiation, and problem understanding. Administering services in healthcare need frequent attendant and paying attention to the prescription given by the physicians. The interprofessional are needed to follow up with the elderly caregivers so that medication given is strictly followed and frequents checkups are done appropriately. Always the elderly is associated with many diseases and therefore, a thorough diagnosis should be established for them. Comment by Dr. Loftus: This does not relate to a specific health issue or your position on what will improve outcomes, nor is there any evidence-based information to support.
Evaluating evidence of others that could support team approach
According to today’s system in health facilities, service delivery involves many processes from different health practitioners which varies basing on different education levels and training on the occupation. Team collaboration is becoming essential because elderly patients have to interact with different nurses and physicians. To safe on critical conditions of patients and to mitigate health risk to the elderly, professionals in health care need teamwork and communications. This is a way of avoiding medical error the vulnerable elderly people. According to the Institute of Medical, to err is to Human: Building a safer health system, suggested that are 48% of the deaths are caused by medical error including diseases such as diabetes, breast cancer, and Alzheimer’s diseases. Comment by Dr. Loftus: This is a bit awkwardly written. Comment by Dr. Loftus: Need proper citation. This should all support your position on what will improve outcomes.
Team collaborations enable the exchange of ideas, thoughts, and opinions which can save one’s life. In health care, it involves sharing of ensures cooperation’s, responsibility sharing and complementary role when caring a healthy elderly. Interprofessional between the physicians and nurses increases the knowledge improvement and continued support towards the welfare of the elderly. The support provided by the interprofessional team enables the elderly to accept and adopt the plans on illness treatment. This is where psychological support is given to the family members and the elderly. Improved patience outcomes have been seen in various field of health care where the trained professional engage in collaborative activities Comment by Dr. Loftus: This is very generalized information and not supported with evidence.
Common age-related challenges which are not categorically described as diseases need to be handled with care. Here interprofessional teamwork is safe and quality care to the patient who is chronic to some diseases. This interpersonal team can be achieved if the health care doctors, nurses, and health officers are trained about the importance of working together. It involves all the caregiver team engaging together and share information about a problem. The techniques have the possibility of giving improved patient care and outcomes. (Lewin et al 2018).For example, a patient who works in a medical facility and complains of chest pain is checked by a doctor who suspects it is a heart attack, the patient can there proceed to a cardiologist who confirms the problem. If it was not for interprofessional teamwork the life of the patients could have been lost by just assuming some pain-relieving medication. Medication can be started immediately if the patient’s case is emergency. By improving on error occurrence it facilitates the reduction of healthcare costs. When dealing with the elderly already the interprofessional team is aware of the diseases relating to the advanced age, the medication can be administering faster after a shorter period of the diagnostic process. Comment by Dr. Loftus: This is a bit awkwardly constructed sentence and not supported by evidence. Comment by Dr. Loftus: Alexander, your writing mechanics needs some work. Please take advantage of the resources available through Capella and enlist the assistance of your Tutor to improve.
Evaluating evidence and position of others that are contrary to the team approach
The contrary approach to dealing with elderly health care is the use of the multidisciplinary technique. This is where each person focuses on his/her discipline on the healthcare plan. this category-specific assessment is done by the individual rather than the joint assessment used in the interprofessional team. (Taylor et al 2018). According to the research, it states that the process is done hierarchically, every member is doing work on the same problem at a different. The technique has limitations toward disciplinary roles and communication among the healthcare specialist. Physicians, nurses, and other specialists are limited with the knowledge of the role. Giving an example of the elderly fighting with diabetes, the disease might be associated with pressure ulcers but the doctor treating diabetes may not concentrate much on the other illness unlike the interprofessional where the diseases could have been handled at the same time. Comment by Dr. Loftus: I do see your point here but this does not relate to a position on a different approach to improving outcomes for a specific health issue. Comment by Dr. Loftus: What research? You need to be specific about your sources of information.
Using the interprofessional way, the team is working on the same problem and even the elderly caregivers are involved. Effective communication between the team is continuous and that is the reason why the outcome of a treatment solution is quality. In the other disciplinary, occurrence of treatment error is common which can lead to loss of life, and administering of treatment takes time. Currently, Interprofessional Professional Education Collaboration (IPEC) is providing education on Interprofessionalism. This is preparing future health professionals for teamwork-based on care to the patients that will improve the health outcomes of the population. The World Health Organization is advising the same to health facilities when considering an acquisition of health professionals. It encourages the building of relationships among the team to enhance performances and improve the healthy life of the elderly.
References
.
Lewin, S., Booth, A., Glenton, C., Munthe-Kaas, H., Rashidian, A., Wainwright, M., … & Noyes, J. (2018). Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series
Martin, A., & Manley, K. (2018). Developing standards for an integrated approach to workplace facilitation for interprofessional teams in health and social care contexts: a Delphi study. Journal of interprofessional care, 32(1), 41-51.
.Taylor, C., Munro, A. J., Glynne-Jones, R., Griffith, C., Trevatt, P., Richards, M., & Ramirez, A. J. (2010). Multidisciplinary team working in cancer: what is the evidence?. Bmj, 340.
Wang, L., He, W., Yu, X., Hu, D., Bao, M., Liu, H., … & Jiang, H. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up. Journal of Infection, 80(6), 639-645
Running head: ANALYSIS OF PAPER POSITION
1
Analysis of
P
aper
P
osition
Capella University
Alexander Ruche
March, 2021
Running head: ANALYSIS OF PAPER POSITION 1
Analysis of Paper Position
Capella University
Alexander Ruche
March, 2021
Running
head: ANALYSIS OF
P
APER POSITION
1
ANALYSIS OF PAPER POSITION 5
Analysis of
Paper
P
osition
Capella Uni
versity
Ale
xander
Ruche
M
arch
,
2021
The elderly people are the most affected population in this country
.
Aging-related problems, Diabetes arthritis, mental health different type of cancer are some of the health issues facing the elderly when it comes to living a longer life. Living longer comes with its troubles, not only to the families and society but to the older people as well. Staying for additional years is a chance to pursue activities with good opportunities including the advancement of technology. (Wanget al 2020). However, aging is associated with cellular and molecular damage leading to a decrease in capacity on physical and mental states. According to the Department of Elderly People, the health risk vulnerability of the elderly is high at this stage. Diabetes is a result of long-term effects from resistance to insulin and impaired functioning of the pancreases. The elderly tend to experience some complex health problems as they are usually connected with other issues and are hardly singled out. These can be delirium, falls, incontinence of urinary and associative ulcers.
Various factors are resulting in elderly diseases, some are related to genetics, and in some areas the results of the social and physical environment. Maintaining health behaviors has a great impact on the environment. Eating a balanced diet could be a result of some diseases because an inadequate intake of nutrients required by the body will lower immunity. Diabetes is a result of long-term effects from the resistance of insulin and impaired functioning of the pancreas. In this context, we are going to discuss the health outcomes for a specific issue in a target population, the role of the interprofessional team for improvements for this issue, and evaluating evidence and positions that would support a team approach in improving this issue.
Health Outcomes for Elderly with Diabetes and Depression
Elderly people with diabetes are very common in the U.S. rural areas. Thanks to the advance of technology and treatments, solutions have been found that allow them live their normal lives. However, most people who are diagnosed with Diabetes also end up suffering from some form of depression. This of course will affect their mental health and general physical fitness. Subsequently, the introduction of home testing kits for diabetes and antidiabetic medication to decrease the effects is Skyrocketing throughout the country. One of the solutions is Semaglutide prescriptions for the diabetic elderly. This is not a miracle drug unfortunately, therefore insulin is also recommended. Half of the population of the elderly people were diagnosed with diabetes type 2 in 2019 with some of the elderly having other mental challenges such as depression, according to the Department of Social Service report in 2021.
Gregory is an elderly person who has been suffering from diabetes type 2 for the last 10 years. Due to his prescription, he has been taking medication that has caused some impairments in his body such as microvascular and macrovascular damage. Also, the resulting situation has caused the patient to spiral into depression. The caregiver is aware of these effects and willing to seek further advice about this case. In providing help to Gregory with his mental health problem, an interdisciplinary team approach will be necessary.
The Role of Interprofessional Team in Treating depression as a result of diabetes
Community Health Care in the US has brought many changes concerning mental health. Depression is a mental disorder where the person’s daily activities are interfered with. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that in 2016 an estimate of 8.1% of American adults suffered from depression. The conditions that are leading to depression include Diabetes, cancer, obesity, asthma, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. It is normal to feel down but if it happens regularly, it signals you may be suffering from depression. Major symptoms associated with depression include sadness, thoughts of suicide, restless delayed conversation response, and inability to concentrate. As you can tell by this case with Mr Gregory, medical depression is common to the elderly population and can make their day to day living difficult. With the help of specialists, depression treatment can be managed by combining therapies and medication. A collaborative approach between physicians and psychologists is going to result in a better outcome. Physicians can proactively help to decrease diabetic complications if they can reach out to psychologists during prescription diabetic treatment. Psychologists will help in approving the treatment and correct prescriptions and advise on available counseling around rural areas. The goal of an interprofessional team is to create healthy habits and treatments to better patient’s quality of life.
The interprofessional team in facilitating outcome improvements
The interprofessional team is looking forward to providing efficient, quality, and improved care for elderly health. In the case of Mr. Gregory, a team approach is important. (Martinet al 2018). Primary practitioners are going to start with his diabetic treatment before proceeding to the psychologist. A psychologist will proceed to provide a therapist which will assist with the mental care barriers of a patient. Due to the rising number of elderly people with difficulties in hospitals, the interdisciplinary approach is necessary to address their mental health. Elderly require close attention, therefore the collaboration of family and the healthcare team is needed. The World Health Organization proposed integrated health care for diabetic people who have developed depression. This includes an introduction, provision management, and organizing of health services like treating, diagnosing promotion of health, and even counseling.
Corporations of the medical administration and the professional’s affiliates will work towards the success of quality health service to Mr. Gregory. The research has shown a health improvement on the elderly when the interprofessional team is involved. However, the elderly might not be willing to participate in health engagement because of the increased rate of dementia as the age advances. In the case of Gregory, the team needs to be effective so that the patient will not hesitate to undergo the process. Administering services in healthcare needs frequent focus, as well as medication adherence to the prescribed treatments. Paying attention to the prescription given by the physicians will be essential to manage the patient’s personal condition. This responsibility should be delegated to the family and caregiver of Mr. Gregory. The interprofessional team is needed to be able to follow up with him so that prescribed medications are strictly followed, and frequent mental therapies are performed appropriately. Home testing kits will be given by the physician so that he can give his patients, and their blood glucose can be monitored.
Evaluating evidence of others that could support team approach
According to today’s system in health facilities, service delivery involves many processes from different health practitioners which varies based on different education levels and training in their occupation. A contrary approach to team collaboration, telehealth. Telehealth technology has been implemented to provide remote control of patients away from the facilities. Technology is providing a platform where the patient will interact with the physician and can have counseling sessions with the psychologist. It is facilitating faster delivery of service and it is saving on health costs. Gregory is approaching his late 70s and his mobility is becoming limited. Through the approach, medical depression is reducing as therapies can be completed any time without necessarily booking appointments. This approach tends to reduce the medication error probabilities that may lead to accidental death.
Another contrary approach to dealing with mental health for the elderly care is the use of the multidisciplinary technique. This is where each person focuses on his/her discipline in the healthcare plan. This category-specific assessment is done by the individual rather than the joint assessment used in the interprofessional team. (Taylor et al 2018). According to the research, it states that the process is done hierarchically, with every member working on the same problem at the same time. The technique has limitations toward disciplinary roles and communication among the healthcare specialist. Physicians, nurses, and other specialists are limited with the knowledge of the role. For the case of Mr. Gregory, fighting with diabetes which has resulted in depression, the physician could be handling the primary disease disregarding the patient’s probable mental illness. Concentrating on using the interprofessional approach, the team is working on both problems of diabetes and depression and even the elderly caregivers are involved. Effective communication between the team is continuous, and that is the reason why the outcome of this approach tends to be a more positive experience. In the other disciplinary approaches, occurrence of treatment error is common which can lead to loss of life and administering of treatment takes time. Currently, Interprofessional Professional Education Collaboration (IPEC) is providing education on Interprofessionalism. This is preparing future health professionals for teamwork-based on care to the patients that will improve the health outcomes of the population. The World Health Organization is advising the same to health facilities when considering an acquisition of health professionals. It encourages the building of relationships among the team, to enhance performances and improve the healthy life in the elderly population.
References
.
Lewin, S., Booth, A., Glenton, C., Munthe-Kaas, H., Rashidian, A., Wainwright, M., … & Noyes, J. (2018). Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series
Martin, A., & Manley, K. (2018). Developing standards for an integrated approach to workplace facilitation for interprofessional teams in health and social care contexts: a Delphi study. Journal of interprofessional care, 32(1), 41-51.
.Taylor, C., Munro, A. J., Glynne-Jones, R., Griffith, C., Trevatt, P., Richards, M., & Ramirez, A. J. (2010). Multidisciplinary team working in cancer: what is the evidence?. BMJ, 340.
Wang, L., He, W., Yu, X., Hu, D., Bao, M., Liu, H., … & Jiang, H. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up. Journal of Infection, 80(6), 639-645
Running head: ANALYSIS OF PAPER POSITION
1
Analysis of
Paper
P
osition
Capella Uni
versity
Ale
xander
Ruche
M
arch
,
2021
Running head: ANALYSIS OF PAPER POSITION
1
Analysis of Paper Position
Capella University
Alexander Ruche
March, 2021
