Description: The assignment will help the student begin to identify research questions and the strategies to answer the question from week 3 assignment. 

Part 1: Go to the APUS Online Library and watch the following videos:

https://www.apus.edu/apus-library/online-research/search/library-video-tutorials.html

Navigating Your APUS Library 

Get to Know Your Trefry Library

• Trefry Library Tour | 2:58
  Take a quick navigational tour of your Library
   
• Defining the Library
  An interactive glossary of terms commonly used in the library

Research

• Finding Books Using a Primo Search | 2:18
  Learn how to use Primo to find books for your research.
   
• Finding Articles Using a Primo Search | 2:09
  Learn how to tailor your Primo search using filters, how to access full-text, and how to save resources for later use.
   
• Finding Articles Using Subscription Databases |3:31
  Learn how to find and choose the best database to search for relevant research on your topic.
   
• Finding Journals Using a Primo Search | 2:30
  Learn how to track down a specific journal or full text to a specific article.
   
• Finding Scholarly Resources Using Google Scholar | 2:14
  Learn how to use Google Scholar to find scholarly resources on the open web.
   
• Search WorldCat | 0:59
  Learn how to search for books (and more!) in libraries near you.

Subject Specific Research

• Researching Federal Legislation Using Congress.gov | 4:31
   
• GIS for Public Policy | 13:30
  This is an introductory video that discusses how GIS (geographic Information Systems) can be used in the field of Public Policy.
   
• Introduction to Nexis Uni | 6:09
   
• Legal Writing and Citing Resources | 4:15

Part 2: Annotated Bibliography

Using the library, locate two articles from journals of interest (eg. American Journal of Public Health)  

Complete the Annotated Bibliographies for two scholarly sources.  This is a formal bibliography that includes citations of sources with summary and evaluation information for each source. The emphasis is on finding accurate, reliable sources and providing a clear summary and evaluation for each source.  Please see attached for examples on how to complete the Annotated Bibliography.

(I have attached supporting documents for your convenience.)

Creating APA Annotated Bibliographies, 6th Ed.

Annotated bibliographies are not specifically addressed in the APA 6th ed. manual. It is a good idea to take careful note of any directions given in your assignment, and to check with your professor if you have specific questions.

Contents

1. Guidelines

2. Sample Annotated Bibliography

3. Citation Information

Guidelines

The following is a summary of things to know when creating an APA annotated bibliography:

· The annotated bibliography consists of two elements

· Citation in current APA format

· Annotation

· The annotation will follow the citation on the next line. There is not an extra space—double spacing is used throughout.

· An annotation is different from an abstract. It should have several sentences summarizing the main points or ideas found in the item. It should then include your own statement evaluating the quality of the item and/or relating the item to your own research topic.

· For a longer annotated bibliography, it is appropriate to divide into sections or topics, and to title those sections as seems fitting.

Note: these annotations are for illustrative purposes only and have no relationship to the content of the sources. The citations are from the sample list found at the end. Annotations are in blue for visual effect only—this is not part of the APA formatting.

Please check OWL at Purdue

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/03/

Sample Annotated Bibliography

AICPA sets ethical standards for outsourcing. (2005). Journal of Accountancy, 199(1), 8-8.

Retrieved from http://www.journalofaccountancy.com/

This article presents the new standards for outsourcing developed by the AICPA ethics committee. The standards are summarized, and a brief discussion is included of the implications going forward for business and international trade. The authors indicate that changes to the business community will be relatively minor. This is a helpful source for getting an overview of the current ethics standards in outsourcing.
American Management Association. (1996). The AMA style guide for business writing.

New York, NY: Author.
The American Management Association has created its own guide for business writing. Designed as a supplemental text to more thorough style guides such as APA, this guide covers topics relating specifically to business, such as citing financials, formatting of company reports, and professional approaches to information integrity in the workplace. This is an indispensible work for anyone doing professional business writing.
Barthelemy, J., & Geyer, D. (2005). An empirical investigation of IT outsourcing versus outsourcing in France and Germany. Information & Management, 42, 533-542. doi:10.1016/j.im.2004.02.005
The authors present an investigation of IT outsourcing based on the combined results of a survey administered to IT firms as well as statistical measures from domestic and French or German firms. Their data covers a wide range of IT business unit types. However, the lack of longitudinal data weakens their conclusion that the slower pace of French and
German IT outsourcing has had a long-term positive effect on business in those countries.

Standard Reference List / Bibliography
Here’s the same sources, but formatted as a standard bibliography for comparison.

References
AICPA sets ethical standards for outsourcing. (2005). Journal of Accountancy, 199(1), 8-8.

Retrieved from http://www.journalofaccountancy.com/

American Management Association. (1996). The AMA style guide for business writing.

New York, NY: Author.

Barthelemy, J., & Geyer, D. (2005). An empirical investigation of IT outsourcing versus outsourcing in France and Germany. Information & Management, 42, 533-542. doi:10.1016/j.im.2004.02.005

Costof Pharmaceuticals

Brittney Sierra

PBHE315

3/24/2020

Introduction:

This research paper will discuss the pharmaceutical firms and how they price the drugs. The purpose of this paper is to explain the reason for such high mark ups, government costs, access to the public and the way we got to this place with astronomic medication cost.

Body:

The pharmaceutical companies have an unusual capability to function relatively unmanaged and to raise drug prices far above inflation rates.

The main parties that are involved in the issue of pharmaceuticals are the pharmaceutical firms, the government and insurance firms. All the three elements feed off one another and can determine the market value.

One of the market forces that affect pharmaceutical pricing is the monopoly power of the pharmaceutical firms. Thus, these companies feel that they have the power to increase or reduce drug prices at any time since there is no stiff competition.

The approach in which the demand is showed in this issue is with regard to the consumers’ desires for specific treatment. The doctors prescribe medication and getting kickbacks from the pharmaceutical firms for selling their products.

With regard to suppliers, we shall consider what the pharmaceutical firms have on the market on specific market for specific illness and drugs. Supplied could be based on the way he firms market their products.

The affordable care act will be impacted which directly involves the government, who should not be involved in the health care in any aspect. This aspect should be addressed by the state and the free market to provide insurance policies and coverage.

The health disparities demonstrated in the issue of cost of pharmaceuticals. The issues shows that the market calls for higher drug process in poorer areas.

The global markets have employed pharmaceutical pricing policy that considers the evolving market for pharmaceutical products as well as shape the market.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, according to the discussion above the cost of pharmaceuticals has been analyzed and seen to have many different variables and factors that all have impact on the market, supply, demand and the cost.

References:

American Medical Association. (2019, April 9). How are prescription drug prices determined? Retrieved from https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/how-are-prescription-drug-prices-determined

Borges dos Santos, M.A., dos Santos Dias, L.L., Santos Pinto, C.D.B. et al. Factors influencing pharmaceutical pricing – a scoping review of academic literature in health science. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 12(24). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-019-0183-0

Baker Danial. (2017, January). High Drug Prices: So Who Is to Blame? Hospital Pharmacy, 52(1), p.5-6

Cockburn, et al., (1997). Characteristics of Demand for Pharmaceutical Products: An Examination of Four Cephalosporin’s. The RAND Journal of Economics, 28(3), p.426-446. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/journal/0741-6261_The_RAND_Journal_of_Economics

Hayes Tara. (2018, June 20). Understanding the Policies that Influence that Influence the Cost of Drugs. Retrieved from https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/understanding-the-policies-that-influence-the-cost-of-drugs/

OECD. (2008). Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies in a Global Market. OECD Health Policy Studies. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19834en/s19834en

Sachs, J. D. (2016, October 24). bostonglobe. Retrieved from Disparities and High COsts Fuel the Health Care Chrisis: https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/10/23/disparities-and-high-costs-fuel-health-care-crisis/iT34fdxyXHGhiLaJTvlj5J/story.html