Your quest to purchase a new car begins with an identification of the factors important to you. As you conduct a search of cars that rate high on those factors, you collect evidence and try to understand the extent of that evidence. A report that suggests a certain make and model of automobile has high mileage is encouraging. But who produced that report? How valid is it? How was the data collected, and what was the sample size? 

In this Assignment, you will delve deeper into clinical inquiry by closely examining your PICO(T) question. You also begin to analyze the evidence you have collected. 

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.
• Develop a PICO(T) question to address the clinical issue of interest for the Assignment.
• Use the key words from the PICO(T) question you developed and search at least four different databases in the Walden Library. Identify at least four relevant systematic reviews or other filtered high-level evidence, which includes meta-analyses, critically-appraised topics (evidence syntheses), critically-appraised individual articles (article synopses). The evidence will not necessarily address all the elements of your PICO(T) question, so select the most important concepts to search and find the best evidence available.
• Reflect on the process of creating a PICO(T) question and searching for peer-reviewed research.

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project)

Part 3: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews

Create a 6- to 7-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:

• Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Describe how you developed a PICO(T) question focused on your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
• Provide APA citations of the four relevant peer-reviewed articles at the systematic-reviews level related to your research question. If there are no systematic review level articles or meta-analysis on your topic, then use the highest level of evidence peer reviewed article.
• Describe the levels of evidence in each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, including an explanation of the strengths of using systematic reviews for clinical research. Be specific and provide examples.

****PART 2 AND 3 ARE ATTACHED****

ERRORS IN PSYCHIATRIC SETTING

Errors in Psychiatric Setting

Roberto J Silva

Walden university

Evidence-based practice

March 15, 2020

Identified clinical issue
Why are errors still prevent in the modern medical environment?
As a clinical issue, it is important to ask why nurses find themselves making errors yet they know how precious life is?
Errors are prevalent is medical institutions where prescriptions is done wrongly, administration of medicine to the wrong patients or even using the right medicine to the right person.
Therefore, why is it that nurses are not able to eliminate these errors and exhibit operational excellence?
To learn answers to these question, it was necessary to select article that assess common factors that increase medical errors.

Use of keywords

To mine these articles from the library database, I had to use different keywords surrounding my clinical issue.

To retrieve any fist article, I used obvious keyword, which are errors in nursing.

From this keywords, I was able to retrieve different research article and my selected article fit my search purpose.

This was the keyword that is used for my second article.

From the available articles, I selected to be particular in selection of tis article. That is why I ended up selecting hospital based research article.

Use of keywords

Selection of my third article was a little bit different.

I used a different combination of keywords to retrieve this article.

In this case, in my search I was more oriented on the effects suffered due to nursing error.

Therefore, I used ‘effects of nursing errors’ as my keywords to retrieve the research article.

To retrieve the fourth article was based on an obvious keyword search on nursing errors.

However, I went deep into details to focus on population demographics and how they are affected by nursing errors.

Research articles used
The first article that I used more a more general approach of nursing errors (Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Steven Chan, Wilson O. Ly, Pharm).
I preferred to use this research article to act as a development of understanding what is meant by nursing errors.
In this case, the article introduced scenarios where nursing errors are manifested.
In this case, the article started by errors manifested among outpatients especially when a new method off prescribing medicine is used.
Identification of the second article was to aid on perspective that nurses have on nursing errors (Midwifery Journal, 2018).

Research articles used
The third article was based on nature of errors that are manifested among nurses.
To identify these research article, I based my focus to identify the repetitive errors among nurses.
Therefore, this was on identification of reasons why these errors appears to be repetitive (Risk Management Health Policy, 2013).
To go more into details, I based on search on demographic characteristics.
In this case, I identified a research article that was more oriented on how demographic characteristics suffer nursing errors (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2010).

REFERENCES:

Matthew E. Hirschtritt, M.D., M.P.H., Steven Chan, M.D., M.B.A., Wilson O. Ly, Pharm.D., M.Sc. Realizing E-Prescribing’s Potential to Reduce Outpatient Psychiatric Medication Errors

Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal 2018; 8(2): 1-8

Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2013; the medication process in a psychiatric hospital: are errors a potential threat to patient safety? 6: 23–31 https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775703/

International Journal for Quality in Health Care; Volume 19, Number 4: pp. 210–216 10.1093/intqhc/mzm019 Advance Access Publication: 10 June 2010 https: //academic.oup.com/intqhc/article-abstract/19/4/210/1803672

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Running Head: A CLINICAL ISSUE

A Clinical Issue

Nursing Errors

Roberto J Silva

Evidence-Based Practice

Walden University

March 15, 2020

Perfection is not in humans, but at times we commit errors in areas that we should not. Such an environment is a medical setting because we deal with human life, which is very precious and once lost, cannot be recovered. Therefore, I based my clinical issue on a question on why there are errors in the medical field. I found this clinical issue to work hand in hand with the question of what are the adverse effects suffered by patients who are victimized of these nursing errors. How is the severity of the impact experienced by each patient when they bear errors that, as a result of medical officers, in this case, nurses? These articles observed research ethics because they were based on a practical environment, and all participants used for research were aware of the research being conducted.

These articles have different objectives, but all of them are concentrated in errors that are manifested in a medical setting by patients due to a nurse’s faults of efficiency. The first article, in this case, is based on errors that are committed by nurses in cases of outpatient. The article associates these errors to technological shortcomings, which are as a result of a new method of prescribing outpatient (Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Steven Chan, Wilson O. Ly, Pharm). The second research article uses a more general approach whereby it assesses the general reasons why nurses find themselves committing errors while issuing medication to patients. This research article covers the reasons why these errors are manifested on a regular basis (Midwifery Journal, 2018).

The third article that I used for my paper was based on the frequency and severing of adverse effects suffered by patients for a case of nursing errors. To serve the purpose, the article is based on patients who exhibit old age demographic factors (Risk Management Health Policy, 2013). From the fourth research article that I used to assess my clinical issue in question, it was more related to the other three articles. It is also based on the reason for errors that are manifested in a psychiatric setting. In particle, the article focuses on the type and the nature of errors that are prevalent in the psychiatric setting (International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2010).

Each of these research articles uses different methods to mine data and factual information about errors that are prevalent in the medical setting. They range from qualitative methods, quantitative methods, and others are based on mixed methods. The first article that I used for my clinical issue is based on a theoretical approach hence qualitative methodology. The article has an in-depth theoretical explanation of these errors from nurses. The second article is based on a quantitative methodology. Figures collected from participants are analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. The research article is based on quantitative methods; hence inferences are made on figures inferences.

The third research paper uses more of a combined methodology approach rather than a specific type of method. The article uses different methods to gain insights on errors that are prevalent in medical settings. Because the research paper is focused on the frequency and severity of errors, it uses both observation and chart analysis for these inferences. Equally, the fourth research article which I used for my clinical issue is more oriented on mixed methods. It uses a quantitative methodology where the search is used. On the other hand, qualitative methods are used, in this case, observation and use of incident reports.

There are different reasons why each research article uses a different research methodology. The first article uses a rich theoretical explanation of errors in a medical setting. This research article tackles the reasons why outpatient suffers nursing errors through the logic of explanation. Therefore, the qualitative method used is a reliable method to verify the findings and the recommendation in the research article. The second article, based on the quantitative method, has a sense of statistical disclosure and inference. In particular, ANOVA and chi-square were used for research findings. These methods are reliable because of the disclosure of the comparison that exists between a manifestation of different errors in a medical setting.

The third article is which is based on mixed methodology, is reliable because it employs a theoretical explanation to findings from quantitative methods. The claims and observations from the research article are credible, especially due to the charts used as a method. Charts reveal trends, and through theoretical explanation, it creates more sense for what is disclosed from the chart. This is the same methodology that is used in the fourth research method that I used for my paper.

REFERENCES:

International Journal for Quality in Health Care; Volume 19, Number 4: pp. 210–216 10.1093/intqhc/mzm019 Advance Access Publication: 10 June 2010

https

: //

academic.oup.com/intqhc/article-abstract/19/4/210/1803672

Matthew E. Hirschtritt, M.D., M.P.H., Steven Chan, M.D., M.B.A., Wilson O. Ly, Pharm.D., M.Sc. Realizing E-Prescribing’s Potential to Reduce Outpatient Psychiatric Medication Errors

Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal 2018; 8(2): 1-8

Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2013; the medication process in a psychiatric hospital: errors a potential threat to patient safety? 6: 23–31 https

: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775703

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