Case 1 ethics assignment

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Ethics Assignment

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The purpose of this exercise is to explore ethics and decision- making within organizations.

Assignment Guidelines

After reading the case:

1) Name this section ‘Identification of Dilemma’ and address the following (1 page):

a. What is the overall ethical dilemma?

b. Who can be impacted by the dilemma (people and/or groups)?

2) Provide a brief overview of 2 Frameworks (Approaches) to Managerial Ethics (1+ pages). Name this section ‘Ethical Frameworks’. Name each sub-section after the ethical frameworks you choose.

a. Choose from: Utilitarian, Self-Interest (Ego), Rights, Justice,

Religious/Deontological, or Social/Cultural.

b. The textbook, presentations ( and video) and the Granitz & Loewy (2007)

journal article (pdf) provide brief explanations for the approaches above. Expand on these with external sources. Use in-paper citations and list the additional references at the end of your paper.

c. This is not copy/paste from the internet. Be sure to write this in your own words based on your research.

d. This section of your paper should not reference the case. Instead focus on

what you’ve learned (researched) regarding each ethical approach.

3) Provide outcomes to this ethical dilemma (1+ pages). Name this section ‘Evaluation of Ethical Dilemma’. Address the following in this section:

a. Based on what you’ve learned about George from the case, which framework

(from the two you’ve explained in the previous section) do you believe will guide George in this situation? Why do you believe he will go this direction?

b. What are the implications of this decision (who does it benefit? What are the

positive implications? What are the negative implications?)

c. If George had been guided by the other framework addressed in section 2, what would have been the positive and negative implications?

d. There’s no right/wrong answer choice, so I won’t grade this on your ability to

choose a particular ethical framework. Instead, I’m more concerned with your

ability to describe why you chose the approach and what happens next based on the approach. These will help me assess whether or not you understand the concepts.

e. No need for additional outside resources in this section, as you should refer to the case and the information provided from section 2.

©  2013  by  Flat  World  Knowledge,   Inc.  All  rights  reserved.  Your  use  of  this  work  is  subject  
to  the  License  Agreement   available  here  http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/legal.   No  
part  of  this  work  may  be  used,  modified,  or  reproduced   in  any  form  or  by  any  means  
except  as  expressly  permitted  under  the  License  Agreement.  

©  2013  Flat  World  Knowledge,  Inc.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Organizational &

Managerial Ethics

• This
 Lesson:
 
https://youtu.be/0UZF-­‐Zsg2S8?t=12s

• Milgram
 Experiment
 (set
 to
 start
 38
 seconds
 
in;
 end
 at
 9
 minutes)

• Asch
 Experiment:

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Links within this
Lesson

• Organizational
 Ethics
• Managerial
 Ethics
• What
 Ethics
 is
 not
• Perspectives
 (Views)
 on
 Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Organizational &
Managerial Ethics

Ø Workplace Ethics
Ø Business Ethics
Ø

Organizational Ethics

Organizational Ethics

All refer to
“a process of
promoting moral
principles and
standards that
guide business
behavior.”

• Refers
 to
 
“individual’s
 
responsibility
 to
 make
 
business
 decisions
 
that
 are
 legal,
 honest,
 
moral,
 and
 fair.”

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Managerial Ethics

• Agreeing
 on
 what
 is
 
“legal”
 and
 “honest”
 
may
 not
 be
 difficult.

• Agreeing
 on
 what
 is
 
“moral”
 and
 “fair”
 can
 
be
 a
 difficult
 task!

Managerial/Organizational Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Our
 Feelings Our
 Religion

The
 Law
Culturally
 
Accepted
Norms

Science

Ethics is not the same as…

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

• Ethics
 is
 not
 the
 same
 as
 feelings.
 
– Feelings
 provide
 important
 information
 for
 our
 ethical
 choices.
 
– Some
 people
 have
 highly
 developed
 habits
 that
 make
 them
 feel
 bad
 

when
 they
 do
 something,
 but
 many
 people
 feel
 good
 even
 though
 
they
 are
 doing
 the
 same
 thing.
 

– And
 often
 our
 feelings
 will
 tell
 us
 it
 is
 uncomfortable
 to
 do
 the
 right
 
thing
 if
 it
 is
 hard.

• Ethics
 is
 not
 religion.
 
– Many
 people
 are
 not
 religious,
 but
 ethics
 applies
 to
 everyone.
 

What Ethics is not

• Ethics
 is
 not
 following
 the
 law.
 
– A
 good
 system
 of
 law
 does
 incorporate
 
many
 ethical
 standards,
 but
 law
 can
 
deviate
 from
 what
 is
 ethical.

– Law
 may
 have
 a
 difficult
 time
 designing
 
or
 enforcing
 standards
 in
 some
 important
 
areas,
 and
 may
 be
 slow
 to
 address
 new
 
problems.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

What Ethics is not

Ethics
 is
 not
 following
 culturally
 accepted
 norms.
 

“But
 Dad,
 all
 my
 friends
 are
 going….”

What Ethics is not

“But,  Prof.  Williams,  
as  we  become  
adults,  we  no  longer  
act  this  way.  We’re  
not  as  easily  
influenced  by  
people….”

Milgram

This is an illustration of the
setup of a Milgram experiment.
The experimenter (E) convinces
the subject (“Teacher” T) to
give what are believed to be
painful electric shocks to
another subject, who is actually
an actor (“Learner” L). Many
subjects continued to give
shocks despite pleas of mercy
from the actors.

Photo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Milgram_Experiment_v2

Watch  Youtube Video  (link  provided  by  Dr.  Williams)

Asch

This is a sample item from the Asch study. Participants were asked
one by one to say which of the lines on the right matched the line
on the focal line on the left. While A is an exact match, many
participants conformed when others unanimously chose B or C.

Focal
 Line A B C

Watch  Youtube Video  (link  provided  by  Dr.  Williams)

“But,  Prof.  Williams,  
these  two  examples  
aren’t  business-­
related.    This  
wouldn’t  happen  in  
an  organization….”

Ethics
 is
 not
 science.
 
– Social
 and
 natural
 science
 can
 provide
 

important
 data
 to
 help
 us
 make
 better
 ethical
 
choices.
 But
 science
 alone
 does
 not
 tell
 us
 
what
 we
 ought
 to
 do.

– Science
 may
 provide
 an
 explanation
 for
 what
 
humans
 are
 like.
 But
 ethics
 provides
 reasons
 
for
 how
 humans
 ought
 to
 act.
 

– And
 just
 because
 something
 is
 scientifically
 or
 
technologically
 possible,
 it
 may
 not
 be
 ethical
 
to
 do
 it.

What Ethics is not

Basic
 Perspectives
 (Views)
on
 Managerial
 Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Utilitarian Self-­‐Interest

Rights Justice

Deontological Integrative
 (Social)

• The
 Utilitarian
 view:
– Anticipated
 outcomes
 and
 consequences
 should
 be
 

the
 only
 considerations
 when
 evaluating
 an
 ethical
 
dilemma.

– Consequences
 are
 important;
 tries
 both
 to
 increase
 
the
 good
 done
 and
 to
 reduce
 the
 harm
 done.
 

– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 
produces
 the
 greatest
 good
 and
 does
 the
 least
 harm
 
for
 all
 who
 are
 affected
 -­‐ customers,
 employees,
 
shareholders,
 the
 community,
 and
 the
 environment

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

• The
 Self-­‐Interest view:
– Benefits
 of
 the
 decision-­‐maker(s)
 should
 be
 the
 

primary
 considerations.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

produces
 the
 greatest
 good
 for
 me

• The
 Rights view:
– Humans
 have
 a
 dignity
 based
 on
 their
 ability
 to
 choose
 

freely
 what
 they
 do
 with
 their
 lives
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

protects
 basic
 individual
 rights.

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

We the People….

When  in  doubt,  do  what’s  
best  for  yourself

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

• Beginning  Fall  2016,  students  can  carry  concealed  handguns  into  
classrooms,  dormitories  and  other  buildings:
http://www.tamus.edu/campus-­carry-­rules/

• Supporters say  it  will  make  college  campuses  safer  by  allowing  licensed  gun  owners  
to  defend  themselves  &  others  should  a  mass  shooting  occur

• Opponents say  the  notion  that  armed  students  would  make  a  campus  safer  is  an  
illusion  that  will  have  a  chilling  effect  on  campus  life

• The
 Justice view:
– All
 decisions
 will
 be
 made
 in
 

accordance
 with
 pre-­‐
established
 rules
 or
 guidelines.

– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 
then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 
follows
 the
 rules/laws.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

The
 Integrative
 Social
 Contracts (Common
 Good)
 view:
– Decisions
 should
 be
 based
 on
 existing
 norms
 of
 behavior,
 

including
 cultural,
 community,
 or
 industry
 factors.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

follows
 accepted
 practices.

The
 Deontological
 view:
 
– Decisions
 should
 be
 based
 on
 personal
 or
 religious
 convictions.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

aligns
 with
 your
 belief
 system.

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

©  2013  by  Flat  World  Knowledge,   Inc.  All  rights  reserved.  Your  use  of  this  work  is  subject  
to  the  License  Agreement   available  here  http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/legal.   No  
part  of  this  work  may  be  used,  modified,  or  reproduced   in  any  form  or  by  any  means  
except  as  expressly  permitted  under  the  License  Agreement.  

©  2013  Flat  World  Knowledge,  Inc.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Organizational &

Managerial Ethics

• This
 Lesson:
 
https://youtu.be/0UZF-­‐Zsg2S8?t=12s

• Milgram
 Experiment
 (set
 to
 start
 38
 seconds
 
in;
 end
 at
 9
 minutes)

• Asch
 Experiment:

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Links within this
Lesson

• Organizational
 Ethics
• Managerial
 Ethics
• What
 Ethics
 is
 not
• Perspectives
 (Views)
 on
 Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Organizational &
Managerial Ethics

Ø Workplace Ethics
Ø Business Ethics
Ø

Organizational Ethics

Organizational Ethics

All refer to
“a process of
promoting moral
principles and
standards that
guide business
behavior.”

• Refers
 to
 
“individual’s
 
responsibility
 to
 make
 
business
 decisions
 
that
 are
 legal,
 honest,
 
moral,
 and
 fair.”

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Managerial Ethics

• Agreeing
 on
 what
 is
 
“legal”
 and
 “honest”
 
may
 not
 be
 difficult.

• Agreeing
 on
 what
 is
 
“moral”
 and
 “fair”
 can
 
be
 a
 difficult
 task!

Managerial/Organizational Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Our
 Feelings Our
 Religion

The
 Law
Culturally
 
Accepted
Norms

Science

Ethics is not the same as…

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

• Ethics
 is
 not
 the
 same
 as
 feelings.
 
– Feelings
 provide
 important
 information
 for
 our
 ethical
 choices.
 
– Some
 people
 have
 highly
 developed
 habits
 that
 make
 them
 feel
 bad
 

when
 they
 do
 something,
 but
 many
 people
 feel
 good
 even
 though
 
they
 are
 doing
 the
 same
 thing.
 

– And
 often
 our
 feelings
 will
 tell
 us
 it
 is
 uncomfortable
 to
 do
 the
 right
 
thing
 if
 it
 is
 hard.

• Ethics
 is
 not
 religion.
 
– Many
 people
 are
 not
 religious,
 but
 ethics
 applies
 to
 everyone.
 

What Ethics is not

• Ethics
 is
 not
 following
 the
 law.
 
– A
 good
 system
 of
 law
 does
 incorporate
 
many
 ethical
 standards,
 but
 law
 can
 
deviate
 from
 what
 is
 ethical.

– Law
 may
 have
 a
 difficult
 time
 designing
 
or
 enforcing
 standards
 in
 some
 important
 
areas,
 and
 may
 be
 slow
 to
 address
 new
 
problems.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

What Ethics is not

Ethics
 is
 not
 following
 culturally
 accepted
 norms.
 

“But
 Dad,
 all
 my
 friends
 are
 going….”

What Ethics is not

“But,  Prof.  Williams,  
as  we  become  
adults,  we  no  longer  
act  this  way.  We’re  
not  as  easily  
influenced  by  
people….”

Milgram

This is an illustration of the
setup of a Milgram experiment.
The experimenter (E) convinces
the subject (“Teacher” T) to
give what are believed to be
painful electric shocks to
another subject, who is actually
an actor (“Learner” L). Many
subjects continued to give
shocks despite pleas of mercy
from the actors.

Photo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Milgram_Experiment_v2

Watch  Youtube Video  (link  provided  by  Dr.  Williams)

Asch

This is a sample item from the Asch study. Participants were asked
one by one to say which of the lines on the right matched the line
on the focal line on the left. While A is an exact match, many
participants conformed when others unanimously chose B or C.

Focal
 Line A B C

Watch  Youtube Video  (link  provided  by  Dr.  Williams)

“But,  Prof.  Williams,  
these  two  examples  
aren’t  business-­
related.    This  
wouldn’t  happen  in  
an  organization….”

Ethics
 is
 not
 science.
 
– Social
 and
 natural
 science
 can
 provide
 

important
 data
 to
 help
 us
 make
 better
 ethical
 
choices.
 But
 science
 alone
 does
 not
 tell
 us
 
what
 we
 ought
 to
 do.

– Science
 may
 provide
 an
 explanation
 for
 what
 
humans
 are
 like.
 But
 ethics
 provides
 reasons
 
for
 how
 humans
 ought
 to
 act.
 

– And
 just
 because
 something
 is
 scientifically
 or
 
technologically
 possible,
 it
 may
 not
 be
 ethical
 
to
 do
 it.

What Ethics is not

Basic
 Perspectives
 (Views)
on
 Managerial
 Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Utilitarian Self-­‐Interest

Rights Justice

Deontological Integrative
 (Social)

• The
 Utilitarian
 view:
– Anticipated
 outcomes
 and
 consequences
 should
 be
 

the
 only
 considerations
 when
 evaluating
 an
 ethical
 
dilemma.

– Consequences
 are
 important;
 tries
 both
 to
 increase
 
the
 good
 done
 and
 to
 reduce
 the
 harm
 done.
 

– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 
produces
 the
 greatest
 good
 and
 does
 the
 least
 harm
 
for
 all
 who
 are
 affected
 -­‐ customers,
 employees,
 
shareholders,
 the
 community,
 and
 the
 environment

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

• The
 Self-­‐Interest view:
– Benefits
 of
 the
 decision-­‐maker(s)
 should
 be
 the
 

primary
 considerations.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

produces
 the
 greatest
 good
 for
 me

• The
 Rights view:
– Humans
 have
 a
 dignity
 based
 on
 their
 ability
 to
 choose
 

freely
 what
 they
 do
 with
 their
 lives
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

protects
 basic
 individual
 rights.

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

We the People….

When  in  doubt,  do  what’s  
best  for  yourself

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

• Beginning  Fall  2016,  students  can  carry  concealed  handguns  into  
classrooms,  dormitories  and  other  buildings:
http://www.tamus.edu/campus-­carry-­rules/

• Supporters say  it  will  make  college  campuses  safer  by  allowing  licensed  gun  owners  
to  defend  themselves  &  others  should  a  mass  shooting  occur

• Opponents say  the  notion  that  armed  students  would  make  a  campus  safer  is  an  
illusion  that  will  have  a  chilling  effect  on  campus  life

• The
 Justice view:
– All
 decisions
 will
 be
 made
 in
 

accordance
 with
 pre-­‐
established
 rules
 or
 guidelines.

– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 
then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 
follows
 the
 rules/laws.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

The
 Integrative
 Social
 Contracts (Common
 Good)
 view:
– Decisions
 should
 be
 based
 on
 existing
 norms
 of
 behavior,
 

including
 cultural,
 community,
 or
 industry
 factors.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

follows
 accepted
 practices.

The
 Deontological
 view:
 
– Decisions
 should
 be
 based
 on
 personal
 or
 religious
 convictions.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

aligns
 with
 your
 belief
 system.

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

©  2013  by  Flat  World  Knowledge,   Inc.  All  rights  reserved.  Your  use  of  this  work  is  subject  
to  the  License  Agreement   available  here  http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/legal.   No  
part  of  this  work  may  be  used,  modified,  or  reproduced   in  any  form  or  by  any  means  
except  as  expressly  permitted  under  the  License  Agreement.  

©  2013  Flat  World  Knowledge,  Inc.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Organizational &

Managerial Ethics

• This
 Lesson:
 
https://youtu.be/0UZF-­‐Zsg2S8?t=12s

• Milgram
 Experiment
 (set
 to
 start
 38
 seconds
 
in;
 end
 at
 9
 minutes)

• Asch
 Experiment:

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Links within this
Lesson

• Organizational
 Ethics
• Managerial
 Ethics
• What
 Ethics
 is
 not
• Perspectives
 (Views)
 on
 Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Organizational &
Managerial Ethics

Ø Workplace Ethics
Ø Business Ethics
Ø

Organizational Ethics

Organizational Ethics

All refer to
“a process of
promoting moral
principles and
standards that
guide business
behavior.”

• Refers
 to
 
“individual’s
 
responsibility
 to
 make
 
business
 decisions
 
that
 are
 legal,
 honest,
 
moral,
 and
 fair.”

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Managerial Ethics

• Agreeing
 on
 what
 is
 
“legal”
 and
 “honest”
 
may
 not
 be
 difficult.

• Agreeing
 on
 what
 is
 
“moral”
 and
 “fair”
 can
 
be
 a
 difficult
 task!

Managerial/Organizational Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Our
 Feelings Our
 Religion

The
 Law
Culturally
 
Accepted
Norms

Science

Ethics is not the same as…

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

• Ethics
 is
 not
 the
 same
 as
 feelings.
 
– Feelings
 provide
 important
 information
 for
 our
 ethical
 choices.
 
– Some
 people
 have
 highly
 developed
 habits
 that
 make
 them
 feel
 bad
 

when
 they
 do
 something,
 but
 many
 people
 feel
 good
 even
 though
 
they
 are
 doing
 the
 same
 thing.
 

– And
 often
 our
 feelings
 will
 tell
 us
 it
 is
 uncomfortable
 to
 do
 the
 right
 
thing
 if
 it
 is
 hard.

• Ethics
 is
 not
 religion.
 
– Many
 people
 are
 not
 religious,
 but
 ethics
 applies
 to
 everyone.
 

What Ethics is not

• Ethics
 is
 not
 following
 the
 law.
 
– A
 good
 system
 of
 law
 does
 incorporate
 
many
 ethical
 standards,
 but
 law
 can
 
deviate
 from
 what
 is
 ethical.

– Law
 may
 have
 a
 difficult
 time
 designing
 
or
 enforcing
 standards
 in
 some
 important
 
areas,
 and
 may
 be
 slow
 to
 address
 new
 
problems.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

What Ethics is not

Ethics
 is
 not
 following
 culturally
 accepted
 norms.
 

“But
 Dad,
 all
 my
 friends
 are
 going….”

What Ethics is not

“But,  Prof.  Williams,  
as  we  become  
adults,  we  no  longer  
act  this  way.  We’re  
not  as  easily  
influenced  by  
people….”

Milgram

This is an illustration of the
setup of a Milgram experiment.
The experimenter (E) convinces
the subject (“Teacher” T) to
give what are believed to be
painful electric shocks to
another subject, who is actually
an actor (“Learner” L). Many
subjects continued to give
shocks despite pleas of mercy
from the actors.

Photo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Milgram_Experiment_v2

Watch  Youtube Video  (link  provided  by  Dr.  Williams)

Asch

This is a sample item from the Asch study. Participants were asked
one by one to say which of the lines on the right matched the line
on the focal line on the left. While A is an exact match, many
participants conformed when others unanimously chose B or C.

Focal
 Line A B C

Watch  Youtube Video  (link  provided  by  Dr.  Williams)

“But,  Prof.  Williams,  
these  two  examples  
aren’t  business-­
related.    This  
wouldn’t  happen  in  
an  organization….”

Ethics
 is
 not
 science.
 
– Social
 and
 natural
 science
 can
 provide
 

important
 data
 to
 help
 us
 make
 better
 ethical
 
choices.
 But
 science
 alone
 does
 not
 tell
 us
 
what
 we
 ought
 to
 do.

– Science
 may
 provide
 an
 explanation
 for
 what
 
humans
 are
 like.
 But
 ethics
 provides
 reasons
 
for
 how
 humans
 ought
 to
 act.
 

– And
 just
 because
 something
 is
 scientifically
 or
 
technologically
 possible,
 it
 may
 not
 be
 ethical
 
to
 do
 it.

What Ethics is not

Basic
 Perspectives
 (Views)
on
 Managerial
 Ethics

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Utilitarian Self-­‐Interest

Rights Justice

Deontological Integrative
 (Social)

• The
 Utilitarian
 view:
– Anticipated
 outcomes
 and
 consequences
 should
 be
 

the
 only
 considerations
 when
 evaluating
 an
 ethical
 
dilemma.

– Consequences
 are
 important;
 tries
 both
 to
 increase
 
the
 good
 done
 and
 to
 reduce
 the
 harm
 done.
 

– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 
produces
 the
 greatest
 good
 and
 does
 the
 least
 harm
 
for
 all
 who
 are
 affected
 -­‐ customers,
 employees,
 
shareholders,
 the
 community,
 and
 the
 environment

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

• The
 Self-­‐Interest view:
– Benefits
 of
 the
 decision-­‐maker(s)
 should
 be
 the
 

primary
 considerations.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

produces
 the
 greatest
 good
 for
 me

• The
 Rights view:
– Humans
 have
 a
 dignity
 based
 on
 their
 ability
 to
 choose
 

freely
 what
 they
 do
 with
 their
 lives
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

protects
 basic
 individual
 rights.

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

We the People….

When  in  doubt,  do  what’s  
best  for  yourself

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013

• Beginning  Fall  2016,  students  can  carry  concealed  handguns  into  
classrooms,  dormitories  and  other  buildings:
http://www.tamus.edu/campus-­carry-­rules/

• Supporters say  it  will  make  college  campuses  safer  by  allowing  licensed  gun  owners  
to  defend  themselves  &  others  should  a  mass  shooting  occur

• Opponents say  the  notion  that  armed  students  would  make  a  campus  safer  is  an  
illusion  that  will  have  a  chilling  effect  on  campus  life

• The
 Justice view:
– All
 decisions
 will
 be
 made
 in
 

accordance
 with
 pre-­‐
established
 rules
 or
 guidelines.

– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 
then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 
follows
 the
 rules/laws.

Parnell,  Strategic  Management:  Theory  and  
Practice.  SAGE  Publications,  Inc.  ©  2013
Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

The
 Integrative
 Social
 Contracts (Common
 Good)
 view:
– Decisions
 should
 be
 based
 on
 existing
 norms
 of
 behavior,
 

including
 cultural,
 community,
 or
 industry
 factors.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

follows
 accepted
 practices.

The
 Deontological
 view:
 
– Decisions
 should
 be
 based
 on
 personal
 or
 religious
 convictions.
– The
 ethical
 corporate
 action,
 then,
 is
 the
 one
 that
 

aligns
 with
 your
 belief
 system.

Perspectives (Views) on
Managerial (Organizational) Ethics

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