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Instructions

Now that you have had an opportunity to review the course and have a general understanding about art, read chapter 2 and 4  (Introduction to Art: Design, Context, and Meaning) read notes attached this units  and select four  works of art  (they may be paintings/paintings/architecture/photography/prints) . Sections from: early 1400 Renaissance in Southern Europe  or   Northern Late Renaissance Europe,  The second  art work   from 1700  Neoclassicism and the fourth from  1900s Surrealism or Cubism (4 examples)

). Do not forget to add your selected images as you discuss the foundation (elements and principles of design) Do not forget to discuss  HOW EMPHASIS AND UNITY IS ACHIEVED  in the selected work you have depicted, be specific.

Essay  minimum of 200 words

1. Place captions under each image (artist name, title of art, year, created and the  style of art)

2.  As you analyze the elements and principles  in the art work also discuss    at-least 5  characteristics of each  art work style (ism)  and compare and contrast the pair 

a.. Renaissance Southern Europe  and. Renaissance Northern Europe

  c. Neo-classicism; and  Surrealism 

3. Discuss in detail  where how those  characteristics are achieved  in the work of art. Example if the style is  Gothic and your example in of Notre Dame de Paris  two of the characteristics  would be  ribbed vaults  and large windows.  

4. Discuss in detail how Emphasis, Unity,  Balance and Proportion and Line  is created. What are the techniques used by the  artist to achieve  each? (discuss this  as you explain the characteristics in the art work (Example, all eyes are looking down at the crown, the main emphasis, with its detail sparkling jewels and exquisite serpentine gold designs. Dark values surround the bright crown placing  additional  focus on the crown. a bright light that seems to come  from the heavens hovers above the crown bringing attention to the  crown).

List sources used to study and research  your  paper.

************ I’ve started the assignment *************

I need help putting everything together 

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Emphasis? The emphasis of this painting is Jesus Christ at 3 different events of his life. The foreground focuses on the self-title of the painting which is Christ Handing the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter. Although not as clear to see, in the middle ground to the left is jesus paying the

· Unity? The painting shows some unity in the way the people are dressed. Unlike most paintings in the Italian Renaissance the people are not focused on the physique.

·

Balance? The painting is symmetrically balanced to the center. There is not a lot of negative space and you can see that there is almost an even number of people on both sides

· Proportion? You can see that the artist wanted to paint the piece like a photograph as compared to a painting because they accurately scaled the people depending on their distance from the fore ground.

· Line? The use of line is evident because the artist uses one point perspective. The vanishing point is the Temple of Solomon the horizontal line is the horizon thus showing a division of the foreground and back ground (Cite).

· Renaissance means rebirth. Revival of principles from the classical era. Naturalism Humanism, Perspective Drawing, New media and techniques, shift from religion to more secular

· Renaissance Southern Europe (Early 1400’s)- portrayed proportion, perspective and the human anatomy

· Christ Handing the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter Pietro Perugino, Cappella Sistina (ca. 1481-1483) 

· Fresco painting

· Painted on wall of the Sistine Chapel

· Sponsored by the pope at the chapel

· More literal for there to actually be keys

· Paint pictures as if they were photographs to appear more realistic

· He used 2 point perspective: aerial perspective saturation and contrast gets darker the further back you go

· Linear one point perspective- one vanishing point

· Accurately scaled people compared to the medieval time when they displayed the most important important person(s) extremely large in comparison to people around them

· Uses a s curve to show the human body

· Continuous narrative is considered old fashioned- bridging the old techniques with new ones

· Chiaroscuro to help display 3 dimension

· Individualization in the faces

· Classical elements include realism, architecture, wardrobe, classism

· 3 different events at once

Northern Renaissance

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Emphasis: The emphasis is on the wealth of the family. fur clothing on the male, the womans’s luxurious fabric in her dress, the carpet, the silver and gold cuff links, the intricate detail of the lace on the woman and the shaggy dog. Each element within the painting shows an era where wealthy people are able to be more lavish and materialistic in things.

· Unity: Unity is present in the image with both people not wearing shoes which show something spiritual or worship may be occurring. Also, the elegance in the attire also may be because of a ceremony or ritual taking place. Furthermore, the physiques of the people are not proportional and are elongated, which is normal of this era.

· Balance: The painting seems to have an asymmetrical balance. Although the room appears small and intimate there are a lot of details in there. On the right side the red bed takes up most of that space behind the woman. Smaller details are throughout the painting such as the oranges and the mirror. With such intricate details to these items in the painting can show how Northern Renaissance can use things to take up space, add texture to the items and clothing and dig into the setting. During this era, the bedroom was a social gathering space, largely more room for multiple people to be present, which signifies domestic interiors as a prominent component of the art movement. Humanism is seen in this art movement by showing off the people but not paying details to their body but their possessions throughout the painting.

The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan Van Eyck (1434) is a detailed and descriptive oil painting on an oak panel. Beginning with description, the vibrant colors and the mixture of clean straight and curved lines to create the intricate details in the clothing and surrounding materials to express their wealth. The vibrant colors were created by using oil pastels and adding layers of glaze to make the colors pop and draw our attention more towards the right side of the painting. One could argue that the main emphasis is on wealth or on the couple, specifically the woman. Wealth is shown by the fur on their clothing despite fruit growing on trees outside, the luxurious fabric and intricate lace detail on the woman’s attire, the carpet, the silver and gold cuff links, the dog and even the oranges by the window. Second on the note of analysis, we see that line was used to help simulate texture. Curved lines for the grain on the wooden floor, long defined lines meticulously placed to show the folds and wrinkle of the fabrics. Small precise lines to exhibit Christ in the small circle on the mirror. The design principle of proportion and scale is not depicted in this painting because the people are elongated, and the bedroom seems to be very small and intimate due to everything thing being so close. For example, the chandelier is almost touching the man’s hat and the mirror seems to be low on the wall.

Each element within the painting shows an era where wealthy people can be more lavish and materialistic in things.

Cooper 2

Ramzee Cooper

Professor Blood

Visual Arts

10 February 2021

Art Analysis

There are many movements of art that all influence each other in a way yet all have their own unique characteristics. The four paintings in this paper will showcase artists from four different art movements and will show how each artist was pivotal and contributed historical elements to that era. In this essay we will cover how the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance compare, as well as how the Neoclassicism and Surrealism compare.

Renaissance is defined as a rebirth or revival of principles from the Classical period. During this period, we see a shift from the Medieval era where the paintings were focused on religion, specifically Christianity, to secular and individualism. Firstly, looking at the Southern Early Renaissance, often referred to as the Italian Renaissance due to its prominence in Florence, Italy, we are introduced to naturalism, humanism, new mediums and techniques and more. To exemplify these we will look at “Christ Handing they Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter” by Pietro Perugino.

Figure 1: Christ Handing the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter, 1483, Pietro Perugino, fresco

Christ Handing the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter is a fresco painting created in 1483 commissioned by Pope Sixtus IV to display in the Cistine Chapel. The emphasis of this painting is Jesus Christ at 3 different events of his life. The foreground focuses on the self-title of the painting which is Christ giving the keys to kingdom to Saint Peter. This was taken from Mathews 16: 18-19 from the Bible. Although not as clear to see, in the middle ground to the left this event alludes to Jesus paying someone to access the temple. The event on the right depicts the stoning of Christ. He achieved this by using the one-point perspective and putting Jesus in the center of the foreground. The gap in between him and the groups of people shows a separation and distinction between them as well as Saint Peter kneeling, highlighting his importance. The use of one-point perspective is significant because not only was it not practiced that much but it shows scaling and proportions.

In Medieval times people of importance were drawn larger in comparison to others around them. Perugino wanted to paint the piece like a photograph as compared to other paintings, because photos accurately scale people and buildings depending on their distance from the fore ground which is significant to this area. The closest images appear to be the largest and most detailed. The further back you look the details are obscured, colors are darker and appear smaller. Another aspect in the painting is how to people are anatomically correct. Although some of the bodies in the painting follow the s curve, they show the body’s ability to move and still be proportional. This movement is portrayed in their wardrobe.

You can also see unity in the way the people are dressed. Most of the people are wearing similar garments

with

sandals or just barefoot. This is portraying everyone to be on the same level, but you can also see someone that is of a higher status because their shoes completely cover their feet and they are wearing gold around their neck.

The painting is symmetrically balanced to the center. Both Jesus Christ and the Temple of Solomon are main focal points that divide the painting evenly. In the background, there is a building on both sides of the temple. Additionally, the middle ground and foreground depicts almost an even amount of people on each side. The negative space is very limited.

To compare the Southern and the Northern Renaissance, both movements still reply on the Medieval or religious significance. Both Italian and Northern Renaissance also focus more on the humanism aspect, such as

The next art movement the Northern Renaisance foll…emphasis of the painting is on the wealth. By looking at the painting, details such as the fur clothing on the male, the womans’s luxurious fabric in her dress, the carpet, the silver and gold cuff links, the intricate detail of the lace on the woman and the shaggy dog. Each element within the painting shows an era where wealthy people are able to be more lavish and materialistic in things.

more so the right side of the painting, The contrast of colors from light to dark

Figure 2: The Arnolfini Portrait, 1434, JanVan Eyck, tempura and oil on oak

Neo-classicism (1700’s)-

Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, oil on canvas, commissioned by Louis XVI, painted in Rome, exhibited at the salon of 1785 (Musée du Louvre)

Leading style in France Rococo

Women were not considered civil of state

Male figures upright and rigid, women were curvilinear

Depicts the musculature from ancient Greek and roman art

Virtuous behavior

Follow orthonal lines to vanishing point be hind the hands holding the swords

Art that depicts virtues of life like honor and dignity

Simplicity

with

their somber, moral tones, stories of family

loyalty and patriotic duty, fine detail, and

sharp focus, works in the Neoclassical style

(c. 1765-1830) were in stark contrast to the

frivolous, sentimental subjects and delicate,

pastel hues of the prevailing Rococo style

Neoclassical works (paintings and sculptures) were serious, unemotional, and sternly heroic. Neoclassical painters depicted subjects from Classical literature and history, as used in earlier 

Greek art

 and Republican 

Roman art

, using sombre colours with occasional brilliant highlights, to convey moral narratives of self-denial and self-sacrifice fully in keeping with the supposed ethical superiority of Antiquity.

· Emphasis?

· Unity?

· Balance?

· Proportion?

· Line?

Surrealism (1900’s)-

The Surrealism movement began in the 1900s. This art movement was inspired by Sigmund Freud’s ideals on dream-like state on the unconscious and subconscious mind. Surrealism is widely influenced by the way things of reality are not appearing the same way an audience may see, but the influence of the uniqueness of the artist. By taking the theory, the Surrealist art movement focused on adapting reality into unusual creations. The Son of Man by artist Rene Magritte depths surrealism in creating a self-portrait without showing the full self. The face is covered by a floating green apple, leaving the audience unsure what the rest of face would reveal, which can signify the emphasis of the painting. Another strange aspect the painting offers is the background setting, which conveys a peaceful and calm beach, yet the artist is wearing a well-put suit, red tie and bowler hat. Both the appearance and the setting does not cohesively flow in the painting, essentially not having a balance. While the proportion of the painting is symmetrically balanced with the artist centered in the middle, the juxtaposition of everything makes this painting a Surrealism painting. The artist hcoosing to put an apple in front of the face without holding it does complicate the painting which avoids logic and sense of true reality. Overall, Sureealism art continues to defy the odds of realism and puts a twist on endless possibilities our minds can take us to.

Desire to see the hidden

We cant accept the reality of the unknown

Continues to keep your mind thinking and intrigued

The unconscious and the subconscious become the true reality

Juxtaposition

In the painting the self portrait of the artist is balanced yet the images and the setting are unrelated to eachother

Inspired by freud which strove to create images that are completed disconnected from reason or reality

Avoid logic or in a dreamlike state

· Emphasis?
· Unity?
· Balance?
· Proportion?
· Line?