Help with my second draft.

SCI 200 Project Part One: Second Draft Guidelines and Rubric

Overview: In Themes 1 and 2, you identified an issue, developed a research question, and examined sources that could help you explore the issue. You also
considered the scientific principles related to your topic, and how you might communicate your findings to a specific audience. Building on these elements in this
theme, you will formulate a hypothesis related to your issue. Then, applying what you learned in Theme 1 about the process of science, you will explain the next
steps that natural scientists would take to support or refute your hypothesis. What kind of evidence would they look for? What kind of tests they need to
conduct? Throughout this course, you explored a variety of specific cases in which natural scientists addressed issues, tested hypotheses, and developed
solutions to problems. Many of their solutions have become key discoveries that we rely on today for health, safety, and other practical uses. So, as you consider
your hypothesis and the next steps a scientist would take, reflect back on these examples. This reflection is the final piece of your planning document, and you
will use it to develop your presentation in Theme 4.

Prompt: You will build on the elements you composed in your first draft and develop your hypothesis. After you have your hypothesis, explain what steps a
Natural Scientist would take to either refute or support your hypothesis. By the end of Theme Three you will fine tune the entire planning document to be
submitted to your instructor.

Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:

I. Introduction: At this point, you should have received feedback from your instructor. For this second draft, review and make any necessary revisions or
adjustments to the following elements:

a. Describe the issue in the natural sciences that you have selected to investigate. Why is this issue significant? (You identified this issue in Theme
1, but how would you revise this piece now that you have received instructor feedback and investigated your sources?)

b. Describe at least three science resources that you could use to investigate the issue you selected. Your sources must be relevant to your issue
and must be of an academic nature appropriate for the issue. In your description, consider questions such as: What are the similarities and
differences in the content of your sources? What makes them appropriate and relevant for investigating your issue? What was your thought
process when you were searching for sources? How did you make choices?

c. Based on your review of science resources, develop a specific question related to the issue you selected. In other words, what would you like to
know more about?

II. Body: You should also receive instructor feedback about this section and continue to consider your evidence. For this second draft, review these sections

and make any necessary revisions or adjustments to the following elements:
a. Identify an audience that would be interested in your issue and the question you developed. For example, who would benefit most from hearing

your message, or who could best help in addressing the issue?
b. Describe how and why you can tailor your message to your audience, providing specific examples. For example, will your audience understand

scientific terminology and principles, or will you need to explain them? How will you communicate effectively with your audience?
c. Identify the natural science principle(s) that apply to your question and issue. For example, if your issue is global climate change, the principle

you might identify is that the sun is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system.

d. Explain how the principle(s) you identified apply to your issue and question. In other words, how are the natural science principle(s) you
identified relevant to your question and issue?

III. Conclusion: In this section, you will conclude your research investigation by discussing future directions for research related to your question.
Specifically, you should:

a. Formulate a hypothesis that addresses the question you developed. Make sure your hypothesis is based on your investigation of your question.
b. Explain how a natural scientist would go about collecting evidence to support or refute the hypothesis you formulated. In other words, what

would the next steps be if a natural scientist were to continue researching your hypothesis? Make sure to support your response with the
natural science resources that you selected.

IV. Provide a reference list that includes all of the science resources you used to investigate your issue and question so far. Apply feedback from your
instructor to ensure that your list is formatted according to current APA guidelines (or another format, with instructor permission).

Rubric

Guidelines for Submission: The second draft of your planning document should be 3–5 pages, double spaced, with 12-point Times New Roman font and one-
inch margins. You should use current APA guidelines (or another format approved by your instructor) for your citations and reference list.

Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (75%) Not Evident (0%) Value

Introduction: Issue Describes selected issue in natural
sciences and its significance

Describes selected issue in natural
sciences and its significance but with
gaps in detail or clarity

Does not describe selected issue in natural
sciences and its significance

5

Introduction: Science
Resources

Describes at least three relevant and
appropriate science resources that could
be used to investigate selected issue

Describes at least three science
resources that could be used to
investigate selected issue but with gaps
in appropriateness, relevance, or detail
or is missing one or more sources

Does not describe science resources that
could be used to investigate selected issue

10

Introduction: Specific
Question

Develops specific question related to
selected issue based on review of
science resources

Develops specific question related to
selected issue, but question is not based
on review of science resources

Does not develop specific question related
to selected issue

5

Body: Audience Identifies an audience that would be
interested in issue and question, citing
source(s)

Identifies an audience, but audience is
not appropriate for issue and question,
or there are gaps in citation

Does not identify an audience

10

Body: Message Describes how and why message can be
tailored to audience, providing specific
examples and citing source(s)

Describes how and why message can be
tailored to audience but with gaps in
examples or citation

Does not describe how and why message
can be tailored to audience

10

Body: Identify Principle(s) Identifies natural science principle(s)
that apply to issue and question, citing
source(s)

Identifies natural science principle(s)
that apply to issue and question but with
gaps in accuracy or citation

Does not identify natural science
principle(s) that apply to issue and question

10

Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (75%) Not Evident (0%) Value

Body: Explain Principle(s) Explains how identified principle(s) apply
to issue and question, citing source(s)

Explains how identified principle(s) apply
to issue and question but with gaps in
detail, clarity, or citation

Does not explain how identified principle(s)
apply to issue and question

10

Conclusion: Hypothesis Formulates hypothesis that addresses
question based on investigation of
question

Formulates hypothesis that addresses
question, but hypothesis is not based on
investigation of question

Does not formulate hypothesis that
addresses question

15

Conclusion: Natural Scientist Explains how a natural scientist would go
about collecting evidence to support or
refute hypothesis

Explains how a natural scientist would go
about collecting evidence to support or
refute hypothesis, but explanation has
gaps in clarity, detail, or logic

Does not explain how a natural scientist
would go about collecting evidence to
support or refute hypothesis

15

Reference List Provides reference list that includes all
science resources used to investigate
issue and question, and list is formatted
according to current APA guidelines

Provides reference list that includes all
science resources used to investigate
issue and question, but list has gaps in
adherence to current APA formatting
guidelines

Does not provide reference list that
includes all science resources used to
investigate issue and question

5

Articulation of Response Submission has no major errors related
to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax,
or organization

Submission has major errors related to
citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization that negatively impact
readability and articulation of main ideas

Submission has critical errors related to
citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization that prevent understanding of
ideas

5

Total 100%

Running head: EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES 1

EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES 5

Effects of Electric Vehicles

China Brown

Southern New Hampshire University

Natural Science

02/02/2020

Introduction

The increased use of electric vehicles has reduced the direct emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants for road transport significantly. However, such positive effects of using electric vehicles have partially been offset by some additional emissions that are usually caused by the continued use of fossil fuel in the power sector (Holland et al., 2019). Electric cars do not only emit exhaust fumes but also use batteries that emit toxic fumes. Most of the electricity that is used to power electric vehicles is usually generated from the non-renewable energy that can have negative impacts on both the environment and human health (Ma et al., 2017). The significance of the issue of effects of electric vehicles on Panyu public transport is that it will help in educating people on why the electric vehicles are not good for the environment and what can be done to make them better.

The three resources that I can use in investigating the issue of effects of electric cars are, “Distributional effects of air pollution from electric vehicle adoption”, “The analysis of the battery electric vehicle’s potentiality of environmental effect” and “Is subsidized electric vehicles adoption sustainable: Consumers’ perceptions and motivation toward incentive policies, environmental benefits, and risks.” The similarities in the content of all the sources is that they all explain about the negative effects of the electric vehicles on the environment. The difference in the content of the resources is that the first article is specific to how the electric vehicles pollute the air while the other two articles explain the effects of the electric vehicles in general. The articles are relevant and significant towards the investigation on the effects of electric vehicles on the environment because they have provided relevant examples of how the electric vehicles have impacted the environment in different ways. My thought process when I was searching for the sources was that I first generalized the environmental effects of the electric vehicles and what I did to make my choices was to first eliminate all the articles that were not relevant to the effect of the electric vehicles towards the environment.

What is the effect of electric car technology on Panyu public transport company of China for over two years?

Body

The study on the effects of electric vehicles will greatly help Panyu public transport company in realizing the emissions that are usually caused by their vehicles and how they can contribute to the climatic changes. Once the company has realized the different effects of the electric vehicles it will then develop some of the best mechanisms that will ensure that the environmental effects have been reduced and that can be done through minimizing their purchase of the electric vehicles.

There are some terminologies that might be challenges for the company to understand on their own. Some of such terminologies are the air pollutants which include PM10, NOx and the volatile organic compounds (Cusenza et al., 2019). The terminologies can only be explained to them through offering a better description of what they mean.

The natural scientific principle that applies to the issues of electric vehicle on environmental change is that the human influence is the key factor that determines the environmental changes. The key relation between the principle of environmental change is that the emissions caused by the electric vehicles have started exceeding those that are produced by the diesel vehicles. The heavy batteries that are possessed by the electric vehicles cause an increased particulate matter emission from the tires (Li et al., 2017). The electric vehicles still have a combination of the drum brakes and disc brakes which are both well known for causing particulate emissions (Zhang et al., 2018).The electric vehicles usually rely on electricity that is usually generated by the fossil energy which can as well result to pollution causing environmental change.

References

Cusenza, M. A., Bobba, S., Ardente, F., Cellura, M., & Di Persio, F. (2019). Energy and environmental assessment of a traction lithium-ion battery pack for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Journal of cleaner production, 215, 634-649.

Holland, S. P., Mansur, E. T., Muller, N. Z., & Yates, A. J. (2019). Distributional effects of air pollution from electric vehicle adoption. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 6(S1), S65-S94.

Li, S., Tong, L., Xing, J., & Zhou, Y. (2017). The market for electric vehicles: indirect network effects and policy design. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 4(1), 89-133.

Ma, Y., Ke, R. Y., Han, R., & Tang, B. J. (2017). The analysis of the battery electric vehicle’s potentiality of environmental effect: A case study of Beijing from 2016 to 2020. Journal of cleaner production, 145, 395-406.

Zhang, X., Bai, X., & Shang, J. (2018). Is subsidized electric vehicles adoption sustainable: Consumers’ perceptions and motivation toward incentive policies, environmental benefits, and risks.Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 71-79.