Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you do the following:

• Explain the difference between implicit biases and stereotypes.
• Identify the difference between explicit stereotyping and attitudes.
• Describe how biases might affect courtroom proceedings such as a bail/bond proceeding, pretrial proceeding, first appearance, and having a private lawyer instead of a public defender.
• Explain the importance of diversity of courtroom and corrections employees.
• Explain how racial disparity in sentencing affects the judicial system. Provide statistics to support your explanation.

Format your paper in accordance with APA guidelines.

5

Discrimination-Disparity

CJS/221

January 10, 2020

Discrimination-Disparity

· Identify the 6 race categories.

1. White- Have origins in Europe, Middle East, or North Africa.

2. Black or African American- Have origins in Black racial groups of Africa.

3. American Indian and Alaska Native- From North and South America

4. Asian- Have origins in Far East, Southeast Asia, or Indian subcontinent which includes Central America.

5. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander- People who have origins in Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.

6. Two or more races- These are people who are linked to two or more race categories.

· Define the terms race, minority, and inclusion.

Race: It refers to the groups of people with similarities in biological traits which are understood by the society to be significant and which sets them apart for a certain type of treatment or attitude from the other racial categories.

Minority: This is a group of people who out of their either cultural or physical traits are isolated singled out from the other members of the society which results to them living or experiencing some inequality in treatment thus they regard themselves as subjects of collective discrimination.

Inclusion: This is the act of being a part of a group or a cause despite there being significant differences such as racial affiliation or color of the skin.

· Explain the difference between disparity and discrimination. 

Discrimination is any kind of bias which may result to a contradiction of opportunity or the unfair treatment in the selection, promotion, or transfer. In many instances, discrimination occurs in ethnicity, sexual orientation, political beliefs, racial affiliation, as well as the age (McLeod, 2008). On the other hand, disparity is the difference which seems to be unfair to some of the people. It includes sexual disparities, economic disparities, and social disparities. In addition to this, disparity is obtained from the base word disparate, which is the dissimilarity in terms of value or quality.

For this reason, disparity may be referred to as the differences which are present within a group. Examples of disparity include, when the decisions made favor the majority in the society such as the unemployed, when a certain gender is given average working hours whereas the other is not, and in an institutional setting where the various modes of punishment given are determined by the gender of the offender (McLeod, 2008). Disparity is different from discrimination in that disparity is an indication that the arising dissimilarities are due to circumstances rather than the negative perspective of other individuals who often intentionally separate the situation of a specific person or group from another.

In view of this, discrimination is practiced with the intent as well as malice to alter the application of law to a certain individual may be because the individual who has authority does not favor the other person for specific reasons such as their religion, sex, or racial affiliation. The issue about racial discrimination is in some cases a result of certain government statutes and acts which often result to the protection of the interests of one category of people at the expense of the rest.

· Using the Discrimination-Disparity, provide a definition of at least one type of discrimination and provide an example from a criminal justice setting.

A form of discrimination described by the Continuum is institutionalized Discrimination, which may be defined as the ethnic and racial disparities which occur as a result of the application of racially neutral factors such as employment status, prior criminal records, or demeanor (“Disparity and Discrimination,” 2014). This type of discrimination does not directly relate to race but rather is caused by de facto practices of discrimination. An example of this type of discrimination is whereby individuals who are employed are granted bail whereas those that are not employed are denied bail. By effect, this is a discrimination against the poor members of the society.

· Explain the differences in bias, discrimination, stereotyping, and cultural competency.

Bias is the inclination towards a certain group of people thus people from one race are favored in various ways such as job positions whereas the others are not. Prejudice is the unjustified or incorrect attitude which is in many cases negative expressed towards an individual based on their belonging to a certain group such as the statement that “rich people are arrogant”. Discrimination is thus the distinct treatment of a person or a group of people which thus puts them at a disadvantage. Stereotyping is the categorization of a person based on a significant characteristic about them in an exaggerated manner to make it worse. Cultural competence is the ability to foster successful interactions as well as effective communication with people from different races (“culturally competent?” 2017).

References

“Disparity and Discrimination”. (2014). Eximiuscribo. Retrieved 23 January 2020, from https://louai27.wordpress.com/2014/08/10/disparity-and-discrimination/

McLeod, S. (2008). Simply Psychology: Prejudice and Discrimination. Retrieved from

Prejudice vs. Discrimination In Psychology

What does it mean to be “culturally competent?” | Make It Our Business. (2017). Makeitourbusiness.ca. Retrieved 23 January 2020, from http://makeitourbusiness.ca/blog/what-does-it-mean-be-culturally-competent