***** Respond in a paragraph following the established guidelines. The answer must be of a substantial nature and with quotes present in the textbook. Agree or disagree is not appropriate.
***** Only use this book and specific pages. Represent the quotes (author, year, and page) when reflecting the content in your paragraph.
Source of reference: textbook Chapter 2, PAGES 37-41
Peer1
Grisel Cabrera
2. How is cognitive strategy instruction used to teach academic, cognitive, or social skills?
Cognitive instruction is a concept that comes from the work of Bandura on social learning theory and cognitive behavior modification from Harris and Meichenbaun. (Bos and Vaughn, 2006). It comes from the assumption that cognitive behavior can be changed as observable behavior does. “Cognitive strategy instruction (CSI) is a systematic method that is used to change thinking processes by organizing the teaching and monitoring of task completion or skill development by actively involving students in learning.” (Bos and Vaughn, 2006, p 65-66). Teachers utilize this strategy that includes an analysis of the task and the cognitive processes involved in completing the task. It includes the use of self-modeling, self-instructional techniques, and performance evaluation.
Some principles that are part of CSI are cognitive modeling, guided instruction, self-instruction, self-evaluation, and self-regulation. Cognitive modeling is better described by explaining to students what you were thinking while reading, also described in the textbook by thinking aloud. Guided instruction is also used and is guiding students through the task by telling the steps in the process. Very similar is self-instruction, which is the own student remembering the steps in the process while completing the task. Self-evaluation is conceptualized as the student making judgments about own performance in terms of quality and quantity. Another principle is self-regulation which implies the student own recognition of a problem in learning and the use of strategies to solve it.
When teachers use CSI to teach academic and social skills there are several steps they follow: strategy steps, modeling, self-regulation, verbalization, and reflective thinking. For example, in a simple experiment the teacher lists the steps to follow to complete the experiment from beginning to end. Then, the teacher models the experiment to the student also including self-talk in a way that students can learn the observable behavior but also the cognitive process. “Self-regulation refers to the learner monitoring his or her own thinking and actions through language mediation.” (Bos and Vaughn, 2006, p 47). During the use of self-regulation students act like their own teachers by being active in the learning process and also in their own performance evaluation. Verbalization include talk-aloud and think-aloud techniques and is used in self-instruction and self-monitoring. For example, a student will verbalize the steps being taken to complete a simple math problem. It could be also described by the student verbalizing the options he or she has to finish a task and deciding which one is going to use. Finally, reflective thinking refers to think about what the students are doing. Most of the time students act without thinking and do not take into account consequences. Using reflective thinking allow the students to reflect about the way they are learning and acting. For example, a good way is after teaching how to find a main idea of a paragraph, the student ask himself or herself questions about what they have written as responses cuing the students to find specific information. Reviews of research show that CSI is one of the most effective instructional strategies for teachers to use when teaching students with learning disabilities and behavior problems. (Bos and Vaughn, 2006).
References
Bos, Candance S., Vaughn, Sharon. (2006). Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning
and Behavior problems. Chapter 2. 6th Ed. Pearson Education.
Grisel Cabrera
2. How is cognitive strategy instruction used to teach academic, cognitive, or social skills?
Cognitive instruction is a concept that comes from the work of Bandura on social learning theory and cognitive behavior modification from Harris and Meichenbaun. (Bos and Vaughn, 2006). It comes from the assumption that cognitive behavior can be changed as observable behavior does. “Cognitive strategy instruction (CSI) is a systematic method that is used to change thinking processes by organizing the teaching and monitoring of task completion or skill development by actively involving students in learning.” (Bos and Vaughn, 2006, p 65-66). Teachers utilize this strategy that includes an analysis of the task and the cognitive processes involved in completing the task. It includes the use of self-modeling, self-instructional techniques, and performance evaluation.
Some principles that are part of CSI are cognitive modeling, guided instruction, self-instruction, self-evaluation, and self-regulation. Cognitive modeling is better described by explaining to students what you were thinking while reading, also described in the textbook by thinking aloud. Guided instruction is also used and is guiding students through the task by telling the steps in the process. Very similar is self-instruction, which is the own student remembering the steps in the process while completing the task. Self-evaluation is conceptualized as the student making judgments about own performance in terms of quality and quantity. Another principle is self-regulation which implies the student own recognition of a problem in learning and the use of strategies to solve it.
When teachers use CSI to teach academic and social skills there are several steps they follow: strategy steps, modeling, self-regulation, verbalization, and reflective thinking. For example, in a simple experiment the teacher lists the steps to follow to complete the experiment from beginning to end. Then, the teacher models the experiment to the student also including self-talk in a way that students can learn the observable behavior but also the cognitive process. “Self-regulation refers to the learner monitoring his or her own thinking and actions through language mediation.” (Bos and Vaughn, 2006, p 47). During the use of self-regulation students act like their own teachers by being active in the learning process and also in their own performance evaluation. Verbalization include talk-aloud and think-aloud techniques and is used in self-instruction and self-monitoring. For example, a student will verbalize the steps being taken to complete a simple math problem. It could be also described by the student verbalizing the options he or she has to finish a task and deciding which one is going to use. Finally, reflective thinking refers to think about what the students are doing. Most of the time students act without thinking and do not take into account consequences. Using reflective thinking allow the students to reflect about the way they are learning and acting. For example, a good way is after teaching how to find a main idea of a paragraph, the student ask himself or herself questions about what they have written as responses cuing the students to find specific information. Reviews of research show that CSI is one of the most effective instructional strategies for teachers to use when teaching students with learning disabilities and behavior problems. (Bos and Vaughn, 2006).
References
Bos, Candance S., Vaughn, Sharon. (2006). Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning
and Behavior problems. Chapter 2. 6th Ed. Pearson Education.
We provide professional writing services to help you score straight A’s by submitting custom written assignments that mirror your guidelines.
Get result-oriented writing and never worry about grades anymore. We follow the highest quality standards to make sure that you get perfect assignments.
Our writers have experience in dealing with papers of every educational level. You can surely rely on the expertise of our qualified professionals.
Your deadline is our threshold for success and we take it very seriously. We make sure you receive your papers before your predefined time.
Someone from our customer support team is always here to respond to your questions. So, hit us up if you have got any ambiguity or concern.
Sit back and relax while we help you out with writing your papers. We have an ultimate policy for keeping your personal and order-related details a secret.
We assure you that your document will be thoroughly checked for plagiarism and grammatical errors as we use highly authentic and licit sources.
Still reluctant about placing an order? Our 100% Moneyback Guarantee backs you up on rare occasions where you aren’t satisfied with the writing.
You don’t have to wait for an update for hours; you can track the progress of your order any time you want. We share the status after each step.
Although you can leverage our expertise for any writing task, we have a knack for creating flawless papers for the following document types.
Although you can leverage our expertise for any writing task, we have a knack for creating flawless papers for the following document types.
From brainstorming your paper's outline to perfecting its grammar, we perform every step carefully to make your paper worthy of A grade.
Hire your preferred writer anytime. Simply specify if you want your preferred expert to write your paper and we’ll make that happen.
Get an elaborate and authentic grammar check report with your work to have the grammar goodness sealed in your document.
You can purchase this feature if you want our writers to sum up your paper in the form of a concise and well-articulated summary.
You don’t have to worry about plagiarism anymore. Get a plagiarism report to certify the uniqueness of your work.
Join us for the best experience while seeking writing assistance in your college life. A good grade is all you need to boost up your academic excellence and we are all about it.
We create perfect papers according to the guidelines.
We seamlessly edit out errors from your papers.
We thoroughly read your final draft to identify errors.
Work with ultimate peace of mind because we ensure that your academic work is our responsibility and your grades are a top concern for us!
Dedication. Quality. Commitment. Punctuality
Here is what we have achieved so far. These numbers are evidence that we go the extra mile to make your college journey successful.
We have the most intuitive and minimalistic process so that you can easily place an order. Just follow a few steps to unlock success.
We understand your guidelines first before delivering any writing service. You can discuss your writing needs and we will have them evaluated by our dedicated team.
We write your papers in a standardized way. We complete your work in such a way that it turns out to be a perfect description of your guidelines.
We promise you excellent grades and academic excellence that you always longed for. Our writers stay in touch with you via email.