After reading Chapter 2 and reviewing the lecture power point (located in lectures tab),  please answer the following questions.  Each question must have at least 3 paragraphs and you must use at 3 least references included in your post.

Additionally, you are expected to reply  to two other students and include a reference that justifies your post.  Your reply must be at least 3 paragraphs.

1.  There is a wide variety of perspectives and frameworks from which to practice nursing.  After reading the various framework and theories presented,  which most closely matches your beliefs? Please explain why?

2.  After reading the Nurse of the future: Nursing core competencies on page 84, please describe how you plan to apply these 10 core competencies into your daily Nursing practice.  Please be sure to address all 10 competencies and give specific examples.

Here is the post of another student that i have to reply.

 

1. There is a wide variety of perspectives and frameworks from which to practice nursing.  After reading the various framework and theories presented. Which most closely matches your beliefs? Please explain why?

While all perspectives and frameworks center on patient care, I identify mostly with Virginia Henderson’s Nursing Need Theory. Virginia Henderson was known as the modern Nightingale. She created a definition for nursing that places emphasis on returning a patient to the optimal conditions after treatment, thus covering the medical needs while ensuring that the patient is able to lead a life as independently as possible.

Virginia Henderson’s theory addresses 14 components that encompass human needs. Her definition of our role is to substitute and complement (Ahtisham, Jacoline 2015) while always fostering independence. This makes a great point because nursing care is temporary and allowing patients to return to their previous state and care for themselves is the best outcome of any therapy.

I’m personally drawn to this theory because I believe that although it was created many years ago, the essence of nursing was apparent then to Henderson as it is to me as a nurse today. I believe in the importance of providing care that involves the patient, takes into consideration previous status and encourages patients to be active participants in their care. This is a great way to fortify their experience and achieve positive results. Taking into consideration the physical and the psychosocial components of a person’s life and how that affects care, Henderson’s theory sets out to care for all the patient’s needs.

Chapter 2

Frameworks for

Professional

Nursing Practice

Definitions

• Concept

• Conceptual model

• Propositions

• Assumptions

• Theory

• Metaparadigm

Central Concepts in

Nursing

• Person receiving the nursing

• Environment within which the person exits

• Health-illness continuum within which the

person falls at the time of the interaction

with the nurse

• Nursing actions

Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

• Person: Recipient of nursing care

• Environment: External (temperature,

bedding, ventilation) and internal (food,

water, and medications)

• Health: Not only to be well, but to be able

to use well every power we have to use

• Nursing: Alter or manage the

environment

to implement the natural laws of health

Nightingale’s 13 Canons

• Ventilation and warmth

• Health of houses

• Petty management

• Noise

• Variety

• Food intake

• What food?

• Bed and bedding

• Light

• Cleanliness of rooms

and walls

• Personal cleanliness

• Chattering hopes and

advises

• Observation of the sick

Virginia Henderson: Definition of

Nursing and 14 Components of Care

• Person: Recipient of nursing care who is

composed of biological, psychological,

sociological, and spiritual components

• Environment: External environment

• Health: Based upon the

patient

’s ability to

function independently

• Nursing: Assist the person, sick or well, in

performance of activities

The Nurse−Theorists Virginia

Henderson

Promo

Video

https://youtu.be/c3mnNPozt_w

https://youtu.be/c3mnNPozt_w

Henderson’s 14 Basic Care Needs
(1 of 2)

• Breathe normally

• Eat and drink adequately

• Eliminate bodily wastes

• Move and maintain postures

• Sleep and rest

• Dress and undress

• Maintain body temperature within normal range

Henderson’s 14 Basic Care Needs
(2 of 2)

• Keep body clean and protect integument

• Avoid dangers

• Communicate with

others

• Worship according to one’s faith

• Work (sense of accomplishment)

• Recreation

• Learn and discover, leading to normal

development and health, and use health facilities

Jean Watson: Philosophy and

Science of Caring (1 of 2)

• Goal is to help persons attain a higher level

of harmony within the mind-body-spirit

• Goal pursued through transpersonal caring

guided by 10 caritas processes

Jean Watson: Philosophy and

Science of Caring (2 of 2)

• Person (human): A unity of mind-body-spirit/nature;

embodied spirit

• Healing space and environment: A nonphysical

energetic environment; a vibrational field integral

with the person where the nurse is not only in the

environment but “the nurse IS the environment”

• Health (healing): Harmony, wholeness, and comfort

• Nursing: Reciprocal transpersonal relationship in

caring moments guided by caritas processes

The Nurse Theorists−Jean Watson

Promo Video

https://youtu.be/qX1fxKfZifo

https://youtu.be/qX1fxKfZifo

Benner’s Clinical Wisdom in Nursing

Practice: 9 Domains of Critical Care

Nursing

• Diagnosing and managing life-

sustaining physiological

functions in unstable patient

• Using skilled know-how to

manage a crisis

• Providing comfort measures

for the critically ill

• Caring for patients’ families

• Preventing hazards in a

technological

environment

• Facing death: End-of-life care

and decision making

• Communicating and negotiating

multiple perspectives

• Monitoring quality and

managing breakdown

• Using the skilled know-how of

clinical leadership and the

coaching and mentoring of

others

Benner’s Clinical Wisdom in Nursing

Practice: 6 Aspects of Clinical Judgment

and Skilled Comportment (1 of 2)
• Reasoning-in-transition: Practical reasoning in an

ongoing clinical situation

• Skilled know-how: Also known as embodied

intelligent performance; knowing what to do, when to

do it, and how to do it

• Response-based

practice

: Adapting interventions to

meet the changing needs and expectations of patients

• Agency: One’s sense of and ability to act upon or

influence a situation

Benner’s Clinical Wisdom in Nursing
Practice: 6 Aspects of Clinical Judgment

and Skilled Comportment (2 of 2)

• Perceptual acuity and the skill of involvement: The

ability to tune into a situation and hone in on the

salient issues by engaging with the problem and the

person

• Links between clinical and ethical reasoning: The

understanding that good clinical practice cannot be

separated from ethical notions of good

outcomes

for

patients and families

Benner’s Clinical Wisdom in

Nursing Practice

• Person: Embodied person living in the world who is a

“self-interpreting being, that is, the person does not

come into the world pre-defined but gets defined in the

course of living a life”

• Environment: A social environment with social

definition and meaningfulness

• Health: The human experience of health or wholeness

• Nursing: A caring relationship that includes the care

and study of the lived experience of health, illness, and

disease

The Nurse Theorists V2−Patricia

Benner Promo Video

https://youtu.be/ZM315_5Jqss

https://youtu.be/ZM315_5Jqss

Martha Rogers’ Science of

Unitary Human Beings (1of 2)

• Person (human being): An irreducible,

irreversible, pandimensional, negentropic

energy field identified by pattern

• Environment: An irreducible, pandimensional,

negentropic energy field, identified by pattern

and manifesting characteristics different from

those of the parts and encompassing all that is

other than any given human field

Martha Rogers’ Science of

Unitary Human Beings (2 of 2)

• Health: Health and illness are a part of a

continuum

• Nursing: Seeks to promote symphonic

interaction between fields, to strengthen the

integrity of the human field, and to direct

patterning of the human and environmental

fields for realization of maximum health

potential

Principle of Hemeodynamics

• Helicy

• Resonancy

• Integrality

Martha Rogers Interview Part I

Video

Martha Rogers Interview Part II

Video

Dorothea Orem’s General Theory

of Nursing

• Composed of three related theories:

– Theory of self-care

– Theory of self-care deficit

– Theory of nursing systems

Types of Self-Care Requisites

• Universal self-care requisites (found in all

human beings and associated with life

processes)

• Developmental self-care requisites (related to

different stages of human life cycle)

• Health-deviation self-care requisites (related to

deviations in structure or function)

Dorothea Orem’s General

Theory of Nursing (1of 2)

• Person (patient): A person under the care of a

nurse; a total being with universal,

developmental needs and capable of self care

• Environment: Physical, chemical, biologic,

and social contexts within which human beings

exits; environmental components include

environmental factors, elements, and

conditions, as well as the developmental

environment

Dorothea Orem’s General

Theory of Nursing (2 of 2)

• Health: A state characterized by soundness

or wholeness of developed human structures

and of bodily and mental functioning

• Nursing: Therapeutic self-care designed to

supplement self-care requisites. Nursing

actions fall into one of three categories:

Wholly compensatory, partly compensatory,

or supportive educative system

The Nurse Theorists; Excellence in

Action−Dorothea Orem Promo Video

https://youtu.be/O_ie_504B7U

https://youtu.be/O_ie_504B7U

Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model

• Person (human system): A whole with parts that

function as a unity

• Environment: Internal and external stimuli; the

world within and around humans as adaptive

systems

• Health: A state and process of being and becoming

an integrated and whole human being

• Nursing: Manipulation of stimuli to foster

successful adaptation

Roy’s 6-Step Nursing Process

• Assessing behaviors manifested from the 4

adaptive modes

• Assessing and categorizing stimuli

• Making a nursing diagnosis

• Setting

goals

to promote adaptation

• Implementing interventions aimed at

managing stimuli to promote adaptation

• Evaluating achievement of adaptive goals

The Nurse Theorists−Callista Roy

Promo Video

https://youtu.be/fC2zMcTquaU

https://youtu.be/fC2zMcTquaU

Betty Neuman’s Systems Model
(1 of 3)

• Wellness model based on general systems

theory

• Focus of the model is on the client system in

relationship to stressors

• Client system is protected by a circular series of

buffers known as lines of defense

– Flexible line of defense

– Normal line of defense

– Lines of resistance

Betty Neuman’s Systems Model
(2 of 3)

• Person (client system): A composite of

physiological, psychological, sociocultural,

developmental, and spiritual variables in

interaction with the internal and external

environment

Betty Neuman’s Systems Model
(3 of 3)

• Environment: All internal and external factors

of influences surrounding the client system;

three relevant environments identified are the

internal environment, the external environment,

and the created environment

• Health: A continuum of wellness to illness;

equated with optimal system

stability

• Nursing: Prevention as intervention; concerned

with all potential stressors

The Nurse Theorists−Betty Neuman

Promo Video

https://youtu.be/UilhyIGg8jA

https://youtu.be/UilhyIGg8jA

King’s Interacting Systems Framework and

Theory of Goal Attainment (1 of 3)

• Conceptualizes 3 levels of dynamic

interacting systems that include personal

systems (individuals), interpersonal systems

(groups), and social systems (society)

• Concepts important to understanding the

theory include communication, interaction,

role, stress, and transaction

King’s Interacting Systems Framework

and Theory of Goal Attainment (2 of 3)

• Person (human being): A personal system that

interacts with interpersonal and social systems.

• Environment: Can be both external and

internal; the external environment is the context

within which human beings grow, develop, and

perform daily activities. The internal

environment of human beings transforms energy

to enable them to adjust to continuous external

environmental

change

s.

King’s Interacting Systems Framework

and Theory of Goal Attainment (3 of 3)

• Health: Dynamic life experiences of a human

being, which implies continuous adjustment to

stressors in the internal and external

environment through optimum use of one’s

resources to achieve maximum potential for

daily living

• Nursing: A process of human interaction; the

goal of nursing is to help patients achieve their

goals

The Nurse Theorists−Imogene King

Promo Video

https://youtu.be/1sZPaj-RioE

https://youtu.be/1sZPaj-RioE

Johnson’s Behavioral System Model:

7 Subsystems of Behavior

• Achievement

• Affiliative

• Aggressive

• Dependence

• Sexual

• Eliminative

• Ingestive

Johnson’s Behavioral System Model
(1 of 2)

• Person (human being): A biopsychosocial

being who is a behavioral system with 7

subsystems of behavior

• Environment: Includes internal and external

environment

• Health: Efficient and effective functioning of

system; behavioral system balance and

stability

Johnson’s Behavioral System Model
(2 of 2)

• Nursing: An external regulatory force that

acts to preserve the organization and

integrity of the patient’s behavior at an

optimal level under those conditions in

which the behavior constitutes a threat to

physical or social health or in which illness

is found

The Nurse Theorists−Dorothy

Johnson Promo Video

https://youtu.be/3TJ8g232PL8

https://youtu.be/3TJ8g232PL8

Parse’s Humanbecoming Theory:

Themes and Processes

• Three themes:

– Meaning

– Rhythmicity

– Transcendence

• Three processes:

– Explicating

– Dwelling

– Moving beyond

Parse’s Humanbecoming Theory

• Person: An open being, more than and different than

the sum of parts in mutual simultaneous interchange

with the environment who chooses from options and

bears responsibility for choices

• Environment: Co-exists in mutual process with the

person

• Health: Continuously changing process of becoming

• Nursing: A learned discipline; the nurse uses true

presence to facilitate the becoming of the participant

The Nurse Theorists−Rosemarie

Parse Promo Video

https://youtu.be/yezjnbA5ln0

https://youtu.be/yezjnbA5ln0

Leininger’s 3 Modalities

• Cultural care preservation and/or

maintenance

• Cultural care accommodation and/or

negotiation

• Cultural care repatterning or restructuring

Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural

Diversity and Universality Theory (1 of 2)

• Person: Human being, family, group,

community, or institution

• Environment (environmental context):

Totality of an event, situation, or experience that

gives meaning to human expressions,

interpretations, and social

interactions

in

physical, ecological, sociopolitical, and/or

cultural settings

Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural Diversity

and Universality Theory (2 of 2)

• Health: A state of

well-being

that is culturally

defined, valued, and practiced

• Nursing: Activities directed toward assisting,

supporting, or enabling with needs in ways

that are congruent with the cultural values,

beliefs, and lifeways of the recipient of care

The Nurse Theorists−Madeleine

Leininger Promo Video

https://youtu.be/uyS-VIfxagk

https://youtu.be/uyS-VIfxagk

Peplau’s Theory of

Interpersonal Relations (1 of 4)

• Six nursing roles that emerge during

the phases of

relationship:

–Teacher

–Resource

–Counselor

–Leader

–Technical expert

–Surrogate

Peplau’s Theory of

Interpersonal Relations (2 of 4)

• Three phases in the nurse–patient

relationship:

– Orientation

– Working

– Resolution

Peplau’s Theory of

Interpersonal Relations (3 of 4)

• Person: Encompasses the patient (who has

problems for which expert nursing services

are needed or sought) and the nurse

• Environment: Forces outside the organism

within the context of culture

Peplau’s Theory of

Interpersonal Relations (4 of 4)

• Health: Implies forward movement of

personality and other ongoing human

processes in the direction of creative,

constructive, productive, personal, and

community living

• Nursing: The therapeutic, interpersonal

process between the nurse and the patient

The Nurse Theorists−Hildegard

Peplau Promo Video

https://youtu.be/96OsVRsebuA

https://youtu.be/96OsVRsebuA

Pender’s Health Promotion Model:

3 Major Categories to Consider

• Individual characteristics and experiences

(biological factors, psychological factors,

sociocultural factors)

• Behavior-specific cognitions and affect

(perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers

to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-

related affect)

• Behavioral outcome

Pender’s Health Promotion Model
(1 of 2)

• Person: The individual, who is the primary

focus of the model

• Environment: The physical, interpersonal,

and economic circumstances in which

persons live

• Health: A positive high-level state

Pender’s Health Promotion Model
(2 of 2)

• Nursing: The role of the nurse includes

raising consciousness related to health-

promoting behaviors, promoting self-

efficacy, enhancing the benefits of change,

controlling the environment to support

behavior change, and managing barriers to

change

The Nurse Theorists V2−Nola

Pender Promo Video

https://youtu.be/WYiE8-U0PCg

https://youtu.be/WYiE8-U0PCg

Afaf Ibrahim Meleis:

Transitions Theory (1 of 3)

• Transition is a process triggered by a change

that represents a passage from a fairly stable

state to another fairly stable state

• Transitions can be described in terms of types

and patterns of

transitions

, properties of

transition experiences, transition conditions,

process indicators, outcome indicators, and

nursing therapeutics

Afaf Ibrahim Meleis:

Transitions Theory (2 of 3)

• Person: Persons are active beings who

experience fundamental life patterns and who

have perceptions of and attach meaning to

transition experiences

• Environment: Environmental conditions

expose persons to potential damage,

problematic recovery, or delayed or unhealthy

coping contributing to vulnerability related to

transitions

Afaf Ibrahim Meleis:

Transitions Theory (3 of 3)

• Health: Health consists of complex and

multidimensional transitions that are characterized

by flow and movement over time; healthy

outcomes are defined in terms of the transition

process

• Nursing: Nursing means being the primary

caregiver for individuals and their families during

the transition process and applying nursing

therapeutics during transitions to promote healthy

outcomes

The Nurse Theorists V2−Afaf Meleis

Promo Video

https://youtu.be/xSn2qqmcwaA

https://youtu.be/xSn2qqmcwaA

Swanson’s Theory of Caring (1 of 3)

• Five basic processes of caring:

– Maintaining belief

– Knowing

– Being with

– Doing for

– Enabling

Swanson’s Theory of Caring (2 of 3)

• Person: Unique beings who are in the midst

of becoming and whose wholeness is made

manifest in thoughts, feelings, and

behaviors

• Environment: Any context that influences

or is influenced by the designated client

Swanson’s Theory of Caring (3 of 3)

• Health and well-being: To live the

subjective, meaning-filled experience of

wholeness; wholeness involves a sense of

integration and becoming wherein all facets

of being are free to be expressed

• Nursing: Informed caring for the well-being

of others

Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort (1 of 4)

• Comfort care encompasses 3 components:

– An appropriate and timely intervention to meet

the comfort needs of patients

– A mode of delivery that projects caring and

empathy

– The intent to comfort

Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort (2 of 4)

• Comfort needs include patients’ or families’

desire for or deficit in relief, ease, or

transcendence in the physical, psychospiritual,

sociocultural, or environmental contexts of

human experience

• Comfort measures refer to interventions that are

intentionally designed to enhance patients’ or

families’ comfort

Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort (3 of 4)

• Person: Recipients of care may be

individuals, families, institutions, or

communities in need of health care

• Environment: Includes any aspect of the

patient, family, or institutional setting that

can be manipulated by the nurse, a loved

one, or the institution to enhance comfort

Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort (4 of 4)

• Health: Considered optimal functioning of

the patient, the family, the healthcare

provider, or the

community

• Nursing: The intentional assessment of

comfort needs, design of comfort

interventions to address those needs, and

reassessment of comfort levels after

implementation compared with baseline

Reed’s Self-Transcendence Theory
(1 of 3)

• Three major concepts are central to the theory of

self-transcendence:

– Self-transcendence

– Well-being

– Vulnerability

• Additional concepts include:

– Moderating–mediating factors

– Points of intervention

Reed’s Self-Transcendence Theory
(2 of 3)

• Person: Human beings who develop over

the life span through interactions with other

persons and within an environment

• Environment: Composed of family, social

networks, physical surroundings, and

community resources

Reed’s Self-Transcendence Theory
(3 of 3)

• Health (well-being): A sense of feeling

whole and healthy, according to one’s own

criteria for wholeness and health

• Nursing: The role of nursing activity is to

assist persons through interpersonal

processes and therapeutic management of

their environment to promote health and

well-being

The Nurse Theorists V2−Pamela

Reed Promo Video

https://youtu.be/d0Kq9mckER4

https://youtu.be/d0Kq9mckER4

Merle Mishel:

Uncertainty in Illness Theory (1 of 4)

• Uncertainty is defined as the “inability to

determine the meaning of illness-related

events inclusive of inability to assign definite

value and/or to accurately predict outcomes”

• Second central concept, cognitive schema,

defined as a “person’s subjective

interpretation of illness-related events”

Merle Mishel:

Uncertainty in Illness Theory (2 of 4)

• The revised theory incorporates two new

concepts: Self-organization and probabilistic

thinking

• Uncertainty in illness theory is organized

around 3 themes:

– Antecedents of uncertainty

– Appraisal of uncertainty

– Coping with uncertainty

Merle Mishel:

Uncertainty in Illness Theory (3 of 4)

• Person: The concept of the person is the central

focus of the theory and may be an individual or

the family of ill individual; the individual is

viewed as a biopsychosocial being who is an

open system exchanging energy with the

environment

• Environment: Not explicitly defined but is

acknowledged to exchange energy with the

person system

Merle Mishel:

Uncertainty in Illness Theory (4 of 4)

• Health: Defined in terms of uncertainty in the

context of the illness experience, with the

concept of health or well-being being congruent

with the formulation of a new life view and

probabilistic thinking

• Nursing: Nurses are viewed as a part of the

antecedent variable of structure providers

The Nurse Theorists V2−Merle

Mishel Promo Video

https://youtu.be/E31I9TgikKM

https://youtu.be/E31I9TgikKM

Cheryl Tatano Beck:

Postpartum Depression Theory (1 of 3)

• Two major concepts: Postpartum mood

disorders and loss of control

• Four stages in the coping process

• Postpartum Depression Screening Scale

(PDSS) used in screening

Cheryl Tatano Beck:

Postpartum Depression Theory (2 of 3)

• Person: Described in terms of wholeness

with biological, sociological, and

psychological aspects, with personhood

understood in the context of family and

community

• Environment: Viewed broadly in terms of

individual factors and external factors

Cheryl Tatano Beck:

Postpartum Depression Theory (3 of 3)

• Health: Not defined explicitly; traditional ideas

of physical and mental health with health are

viewed as a consequence of women’s responses

to the contexts of their lives and environments

• Nursing: A caring profession with caring

obligations; the nurse accomplishes the goals of

health and wholeness through interpersonal

interactions

Synergy Model for Patient Care (1 of 4)

• Framework for designing practice

competencies to care for critically ill patients

• Goal of optimizing outcomes for patients and

families

• Optimal outcomes realized when the

competencies of the nurse match the patient

and family needs

Synergy Model for Patient Care (2 of 4)

• 8 patient characteristics identified are resiliency,

vulnerability, stability, complexity, resource

availability, participation in care, participation

in decision making, and predictability

• 8 nurse characteristics are clinical judgment,

advocacy, caring practices, collaboration,

systems thinking, response to diversity, clinical

inquiry, and facilitation of learning

Synergy Model for Patient Care (3 of 4)

• Persons: Viewed in the context of patients

who are biological, social, and spiritual

entities who are present at a particular

developmental stage

• Environment: The concept is not explicitly

defined; however, included in the

assumptions is the idea that environment is

created by the nurses for the care of the

patient

Synergy Model for Patient Care (4 of 4)

• Health: The concept of health is not

explicitly defined; an optimal level of

wellness as defined by the patient is

mentioned as a goal of nursing care

• Nursing: The purpose of nursing is to meet

the needs of patients and families and to

provide safe passage through the healthcare

system during a time of crisis

The Nurse of the Future:

Nursing Core Competency Graphic

• Illustrates through use of broken lines, the reciprocal

and continuous relationship between each

competency and nursing knowledge, that the

competencies may overlap and are not mutually

exclusive, and that all competencies are of equal

importance

• Nursing knowledge is placed as the core in the

graphic to illustrate that nursing knowledge reflects

the overarching art and science of professional

nursing practice

NOF Core Competency Model

• Essential knowledge, attitudes, and skills (KAS),

reflecting cognitive, affective, and psycho-motor

learning domains are specified for each

competency

• The KAS identified in the model reflect the

expectations for initial nursing practice

following the completion of a pre-licensure

professional nursing education program

The NOF Core Competencies

• Patient-centered care

• Professionalism

• Leadership

• Systems-based

practice

• Informatics and

technology

• Communication

• Teamwork and

collaboration

• Safety

• Quality improvement

• Evidence-based

practice

NOF Core Competency Model (1 of 2)

• Human being/patients: Recipient of nursing

care or services; may be individuals, families,

groups, communities, or populations

• Environment: The atmosphere, milieu, or

conditions in which one lives, works, or plays

• Health: Experience often expressed in terms of

wellness and illness, that may occur in the

presence or absence of disease or injury

NOF Core Competency Model (2 of 2)

• Nursing: The protection, promotion, and

optimization of health and abilities;

prevention of illness and injury; alleviation

of suffering through the diagnosis and

treatment of human response; and advocacy

in the care of individuals, families, groups,

communities, and populations

Overview of Selected

Non-Nursing Theories

• General System Theory (von Bertalanffy)

• Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)

• Stress and Coping Process Theory (Lazarus)

• General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye)

Guide for Selecting a Framework for

Theory-Based Practice (1 of 3)

• Consider the values and beliefs that you truly

hold in nursing

• Write a philosophy of nursing that clarifies

your beliefs related to person, environment,

health, and nursing

• Survey definitions of person, environment,

health, and nursing in nursing models

Guide for Selecting a Framework for

Theory-Based Practice (2 of 3)

• Select 2 or 3 frameworks that best fit with your

beliefs related to the concepts of person,

environment, health, and nursing

• Review the assumptions of the frameworks

that you have selected

• Make applications of those frameworks in a

selected area of nursing practice

Guide for Selecting a Framework for

Theory-Based Practice (3 of 3)

• Compare the frameworks on client focus,

nursing action, and client outcome

• Review the nursing literature written by

persons who have used the frameworks

• Select a framework and develop its use in your

nursing practice