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Name: ID # Date:
Determine the Density of the Mystery
Materials!
Can a material be identified by measuring its density?
Definitions
Mass – the amount of matter in an object
Weight – the force exerted on an object due to gravity
Volume – the amount of space an object occupies
Density – a number found by dividing an object’s mass by its volume
Meniscus – the curvature of the surface of a liquid caused by the liquid interacting with the walls
of its container
Balance – a device that is used to measure an object’s mass
Scale – a device that is used to measure an object’s weight
Practice Measurements
How much liquid is in each graduated cylinder?
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10
20
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Procedure
1. To do this experiment, your team will need:
• 2 samples of 3 unknown materials
• A graduated cylinder
• An electronic scale
• A beaker of water
• A small eye dropper
2. Obtain a sample of one unknown material and determine its mass with the scale.
3. Record the mass of the sample on the data chart.
4. Partly fill the graduated cylinder with water from the beaker. You can use the eye dropper
to add small amounts of water to get the level to a ‘nice’ level. Make certain that there is
enough water in the graduated cylinder to completely submerge the sample, but not so much
water that the graduated cylinder will overflow when the sample is placed in it.
5. Record the volume of water in the graduated cylinder on the data chart.
6. Place the sample in the graduated cylinder. The water level in the graduated cylinder will
rise because the sample has a volume, too. Since the water can’t go into the space that the
sample is occupying, the water gets ‘pushed’ out of the way, causing the level to rise.
7. Record the new level on the data chart.
8. Pour the water in the graduated cylinder back into the beaker and return the sample.
9. Repeat steps 2 through 8 with a second sample of the same unknown material.
10. Repeat steps 2 through 9 with two more unknown materials.
11. Calculate the densities of each of the unknown materials.
12. Use the calculated densities and the
Densities of Common Materials
chart to identify the
three unknown materials.
Volume of Water = 20.0 mL Volume with Sample = 32.5 mL Volume of Sample =
(
(
(
Data Collection and Analysis
Sample 1
Sample 2
Mass
of Sample
Material 1
Volume
of Water
Volume
with Sample
Volume
of Sample
Density of
Material 1
Total Mass ( +
)
= =
Total Volume +
Sample 1
Sample 2
Mass
of Sample
Material 2
Volume
of Water
Volume
with Sample
Volume
of Sample
Density of
Material 2
Total Mass ( + )
= =
Total Volume +
Sample 1
Sample 2
Mass
of Sample
Material 3
Volume
of Water
Volume
with Sample
Volume
of Sample
Density of
Material 3
Total Mass ( + )
= =
Total Volume +
= =
)
= =
)
= =
)
Conclusions
Material 1 appears to be .
Material 2 appears to be .
Material 3 appears to be .
Questions to Think About
1. Is knowing an object’s density always enough information to identify what it is?
2. Water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3. Two of the materials listed on the Densities of
Common Materials chart will float on water. Which are they?
3. Boats are made from steel. Steel is mostly iron. If iron is denser than water, why do boats
float?
4. Which is denser, 100 kilograms of aluminum or 1 kilogram of lead?
Sodium 0.97 g/cm3
Tungsten 19.3 g/cm3
Titanium 4.5 g/cm3
Uranium 18.95 g/cm3
Zinc 7.13 g/cm3
0.53 g/cm3
13.53 g/cm3
8.91 g/cm3
21.46 g/cm3
10.50 g/cm3
Lithium
Mercury
Nickel
Platinum
Silver
Aluminum 2.70 g/cm3
Copper 8.93 g/cm3
Gold 19.28 g/cm3
Iron 7.87 g/cm3
Lead 11.34 g/cm3
Densities of Common Materials
Complete the Table Below where the values are missing. Show your Calculations and box your
answers. Attach your calculations to the end of this submittal.
Name: ID # Date:
Definitions
Practice Measurements
Procedure
Data Collection and Analysis
Material 1
Material 2
Material 3
Conclusions
Material 1 appears to be . Material 2 appears to be . Material 3 appears to be .
