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Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Each reply must be at least 450 words with at least 2 peer-reviewed sources citations, in addition to the course textbook, in current APA format, and integration of at least 1 biblical principle.

What purpose does an understanding of the health care delivery serve?

Tameka Johnson

Understanding the history of healthcare delivery helps people understand the current state of healthcare delivery and how it came to be. “Knowledge of history of healthcare is essential for understanding the main characteristics of the medical delivery system as it exists today” (Shi, L., & Singh, D. A., 2018, p .50.). The book reference is the fact that the United States has a more government run healthcare system. Countries like Canada have a more universal healthcare system. And history of healthcare delivery breakdown how and why these countries decided to have their respective healthcare systems. I think about the history of the Bible and how knowing the history helps when doing research or even when trying to teach someone about the Bible. Knowing the history of God makes it easier to explain what purpose he may have for someone’s life.

Which factor or factors have been predominant in shaping U.S. healthcare?

1.) cultural beliefs and values
Self-reliance
Welfare assistance for the needy

2.) social make up
Demographic shifts
Immigration
Health status
Urbanization

3.) technical advances
Scientific research
New treatments
Training of health professionals

4.) Economic constraints
Healthcare costs
Private and public health insurance
Family incomes

5.) political opportunism
Presidents agenda
Political party ideology
Laws and regulations

6.) ecological forces
New diseases
Drug resistant infections
Global travel and transport (Shi, L., & Singh, D. A., 2018, p. 51.).
Is EBM a worthy goal for U. S. healthcare delivery? Why or why not?

       EBM or

evidence

-based medicine is a method of using the best evidence to guide decision making. “Evidence-based medicine (EBM) aims to assist physicians in making decisions based on the integration of the current best evidence, clinical expertise, and patients’ values” (Nejasmic, D., Vrdoljak, D., Bralic Lang, V., Borovac, J A., & Marusic, A., 2020, p. 88.).

The practice of evidence-based medicine emphasizes five essential steps. First, the clinician identifies a clear clinical question that arises out of the management of an individual patient; the question leads to a need for information. In the second step, the best source of evidence available to address the need is identified. Third, the evidence is critically appraised for its validity and applicability to the problem at hand. Fourth, the evidence is combined with clinical experience and the patient’s own preferences and values to determine an intervention. Fifth, the outcomes of the intervention in the patient are evaluated (Fitzpatrick, R., 2018, p. 1.). 

I don’t know much about EBM, so I conducted a little research. It seems like this kind of delivery is very unbiased. With evidence there is no opinion just facts which can help keep physicians going in the right direction when it comes to patient care. There are so many websites and media sources with medical information. Some of the information is beneficial but some is just unneeded. With evidence one can make there one decisions about the best medical care for them with sole facts. “The most reliable evidence is generated by systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTS), which minimalize bias and allow for causal interpretations of new interventions” (Fitzpatrick, R., 2018, p. 1.). God teaches us to make sure we are reporting everything with truth and integrity. Exodus 23:1 says: “Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with wicked to be an unrighteous witness” (King James Bible Online. (n.d.). So, gathering evidence and facts is in keeping with Gods word. “Today’s EBM elevates statistical significance to the sole criterion of truth, i.e., the criterion that decides whether a statement is meaningful or whether it is better left unsaid” (Musalek, M., 2016, p. 14.).

Fitzpatrick, R. (2018, December 7). 
Evidence-based medicine. Encyclopedia

         Britannica. 

https://www.britannica.com/science/evidence-based-medicine

King James Bible Online. (n.d.). “Bible Verse About Evidence” In The KJV Bible. Retrieved

April 1, 2021. retrieved from 

https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Bible-Verses-About-Evidence/

Musalek, M. (2016). From Evidence-based Medicine to Human-based Medicine in

         Psychosomatics. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 96(217), 14-17.

https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.2340/00015555-2413

Nejasmic, D., Vrdoljak, D., Bralic Lang, V., Borovac, J A., & Marusic, A. (2020). Awareness,

         attitudes, barriers, and knowledge about evidence-based medicine among family

         physicians in Croatia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Family Practice, 21(1), 88.

https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1186/s12875-020-01162-5

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2018). Essentials of the U.S. Health Care System (5th ed.) Jones &

         Bartlett Learning.

Latasha Johnson 

Foundation of U.S. Health Care Delivery

COLLAPSE

Top of Form

Latasha Johnson 

Foundation of U.S. Health Care Delivery 

What purpose does an understanding of the history of health care delivery serve? Which factor or factors have been predominant in shaping U.S. health care?

The practice of medicine dates back thousands of years (Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019). In the United States, science had little to do with healthcare until the mid-1800s. One can only imagine the number of changes and advancements within the system since the beginning of it. Currently, the two main objectives of the health delivery system are centered around increasing access to healthcare and cost-effective healthcare consisting of more coverage. The events and history within the united states have shaped and molded the health delivery system to be what it is today. Understanding the history of the system is essential to grasp the concepts of the system and its current standing in today’s society (Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019). Over time the U.S. health delivery system has been shaped by many influential factors. These factors include cultural beliefs and values, the social fabric of the American society, technological advances, economic constraints, political opportunism, and ecological factors.

There are four historical phases within the health delivery system worth noting that have helped to shape the system. The preindustrial era, the first phase, occurred between the last 18th century and the late 19th century. Focused primarily in the late 19th century is the postindustrial era. The predecessor to the pre-and postindustrial eras is the corporate era, focused primarily between the 1970s and the 21st. The fourth era remains and is continuing to reform currently (Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019). Each time period or phase of the health delivery system has been affected by the factors mentioned in the paragraph above. All of these factors, equally important, have played major roles, individually and collectively in the health delivery system. A great example of how these factors interact can be referenced to the Affordable Care Act. The Affordable Care Act, enacted in 2010, has three major goals: make affordable health insurance available to more people, expand Medicaid, and support innovative medical care delivery methods that were designed to lower cost (Affordable care Act (ACA) – HEALTHCARE.GOV GLOSSARY. (n.d.). This act involved many forces of change including economic constraints, and cultural beliefs and values. Another great example of the forces working collaboratively involves the creation of Medicaid and Medicare. The social fabric of American society, political opportunism, and economics were at the forefront of the creation of these staples of the health delivery system (Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019).

  EBM a worthy goal for U.S. health care delivery? Why or why not?

Evidence-based medicine involves the integration of clinical experience and patient values. It can be defined as the conscientious, explicit, judicious, and reasonable use of modern, best evidence in deciding on the care of individual patients (Masic, I., Miokovic, M., & Muhamedagic, B. (2008).  The goal of the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement is to use research of high quality to support clinical decision-making. The practice and use of evidence-based medicine can be considered adolescent when compared to many other aspects of health care delivery. The EBM movement started in 1981 and since then has grown and advanced to meet the standards and changes within health care. EBM has the potential to be a vital component of the health delivery system. However, like many other things it has its issues. If providers are willing to learn and develop systems involving EMB it can enhance the health delivery system and outcomes substantially. Since its inception, EBM has made many strides and achievements including, the development of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Masic, I., Miokovic, M., & Muhamedagic, B. (2008). Developments like these are great examples of how EBM demands better evidence to support processes within health care. 2 Corinthians 9:10 (NIV) “Now He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food will supply and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the harvest of your righteousness” (Bible gateway Passage: 2 Corinthians 9:10 – new international version. (n.d.)). All things considered, EBM is a worthy goal for the health delivery system. Like many things, EBM has the potential to expand and in turn result in many new advancements and avenues in our ever-growing health delivery system.

References

Affordable care Act (ACA) – HEALTHCARE.GOV GLOSSARY. (n.d.). Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/affordable-care-act/

Bible gateway Passage: 2 Corinthians 9:10 – new international version. (n.d.). Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+9%3A10&version=NIV

Masic, I., Miokovic, M., & Muhamedagic, B. (2008). Evidence based medicine – new approaches and challenges. Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789163/

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2019). Essentials of the U.S. health care system. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.