While the implementation plan prepares students to apply their research to the problem or issue they have identified for their capstone project change proposal, the literature review enables students to map out and move into the active planning and development stages of the project.

A literature review analyzes how current research supports the PICOT, as well as identifies what is known and what is not known in the evidence. Students will use the information from the earlier PICOT Question Paper and Literature Evaluation Table assignments to develop a 750-1,000 word review that includes the following sections:

1. Title page
2. Introduction section
3. A comparison of research questions
4. A comparison of sample populations
5. A comparison of the limitations of the study
6. A conclusion section, incorporating recommendations for further research

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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PICOT Question Paper: Covid-

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PICOT Question Paper: Covid-19

Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE

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PICOT Question Paper

Patient Population

Background

Prince Georges’ Community Hospital, now known as University of Maryland Prince Georges Hospital, is located in Maryland, bordering the Eastern Part of Washington DC. It has a 61% AA population, 12 % White, and 13% Hispanics. Like many other facilities within Maryland and the entire country, the Corona Virus pandemic has been a significant healthcare challenge. According to, The Baltimore Sun (NOV 29, 2020), “Allegany County, a rural county of about 70,000 people in Western Maryland 171.84 cases per 100,000 people Nov. 27, Garrett County, a rural county of fewer than 30,000 people that borders Allegany, is second with 113.74 cases per 100,000 people.” However, PG county could have done better to reduce the spread of the disease. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the evidence-based practice of using social Distancing as a primary preventive measure was not implemented in time by the health authorities in this county until recording an increase in mortality rate. Effective preventive measures such as social Distancing, mask-wearing, and implementing stay at home policies are necessary to prevent or reduce transmitting a virus. The authorities also had to reach out to the community through nurses, providing education and awareness on Facebook pages and other social media outlets.

PICOT Question

Will the spread of Covid-19 in PG county reduce after the Implementation of Early preventive measures of social Distancing, mask-wearing, and Nursing education, compared to Neighboring counties with more cases where such actions were not implemented to reduce the spread of the virus over the next few months?

Evidence-Base Solution.

Generally, an evidence-based solution to a problem is based on applying the best clinical practice, guided by the best available clinical knowledge while prioritizing patients’ needs to achieve an optimal patient outcome. Because the effect of COVID-19 19 is predominantly amongst the African Americans in the PG. county, educating the public on the importance of social Distancing will be an effective intervention to reduce the spread of the virus. (Gupta, R., 2021),” COVID-19 patients in our predominantly Black neighborhood had higher in-hospital mortality, likely due to a higher prevalence of comorbidities.” Early escalation on preventive care strategies such as Home quarantining and Isolation, maintaining social Distancing, and education on the severity could have been critical in improving the spread rate amongst African Americans. After fewer cases during the pandemic onset, Alleghany county, predominantly white, recorded the highest points after the first wave. According to Baltimore Sun (2020),” Gov. Larry Hogan said Tuesday that perhaps some residents in those areas” weren’t being as careful” and “maybe not wearing masks and not following advice.”

Nursing Intervention

The nurse’s primary responsibility is to help stop the pandemic’s spread while maintaining professionality and standard of practice. As part of the Primary intervention strategy, sensitizing the public and creating awareness to target all age-related groups and classes. This includes posting signs with health education material, getting involved with Twitter while following the ethics of, avoiding breaching confidentiality or privacy with information while posting on social media sites, and attempting to reach each age group base on their social media preference. They were addressing mental health issues related to Isolation and quarantine. Many individuals became depressed during the lock-down period while exposed to domestic abuse and various forms of assault. The nurse had to reach out to these individuals and open them to resources meant for this purpose. IN PG county the Hotline number for domestic abuse National Domestic Violence Hotline: (800) 799-SAFE (7233). Provide education on the importance of Handwashing to break the chain of infection. Nurses should also provide the proper guidelines on putting on the Mask as most people have the mask sitting under their nose while breathing through their nose.

Patient care.

Studies have shown that African American patients with high morbidity. Gupta R., (2021). “Our predominantly Black cohort has recorded an in-hospital mortality rate from COVID-19, which is significantly greater than that reported in other studies.” Having a high risk of acquiring these conditions, the population needs to understand and continue practicing social Distancing and other measures such as effective mask-wearing and hand washing.

Healthcare Practices

Despite all the measures to prevent its spread, the pandemic continues to spread in offices, homes, restaurants, and social gatherings. People came into wedding celebrations all masked up but will remove their mask in the same settings, proximity to others once they start drinking. Traveling nurses came in from out of state to help with the surge. “Healthcare Agencies, private and public, have reported a higher number of infections in the US because strict guidelines have not been considered” (Barasteh et al., 2020). The state of Maryland had to implement strict measures to reduce the spread of the pandemic, such as enforcing mask-wearing, Social Distancing.

Nursing Practice

This tends to describe the patients’ condition to the nurse, the specific outcome of their intervention. During the crisis, nurses’ roles became modified as standard practices had to change due to the lack of resources. In the Hospital, visiting protocols were implemented to reduce the vulnerable and sick patients’ contact with the public. Patients were routinely tested for covid to ensure and provide them with optimal care. Nurses continuously work diligently despite the severity. This is because ethical principles of autonomy in nursing practices must be observed throughout their profession (Cherry et al., 2020).

Conclusion

The covid-19 pandemic touched every part of our society, both local, federal as well as internally. Studies have shown that social Distancing is one of the most effective methods of preventing the virus’s spread. Prince Georges County was one of the counties in Maryland, predominantly black, that felt the pandemic’s full impact. I recommend that the leadership start making drills on training nurses to be more crisis-ready and more flexible in approaching the best possible outcome.

References

1) Gupta, R., Agrawal, R., Bukhari, Z., Jabbar, A., Wang, D., Diks, J., Alshal, M., Emechebe, D. Y., Brunicardi, F. C., Lazar, J. M., Chamberlain, R., Burza, A., & Haseeb, M. A. (2021). Higher comorbidities and early death in hospitalized African-American patients with Covid-19. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05782-9

2) Cherry, B., and Jacob, S.R. (2017). Ethical and bioethical issues in nursing and health care. Contemporary Nursing Issues, Trends, & Management 7th ed. p.166

3) Barasteh, S., Azimi, A. V., Khademi, F., Goharinezhad, S., & Rassouli, M. (2020). Covid-19 and nursing home residents: The potential role of geriatric nurses in a special crisis. Nursing Practice Today, 7 (3), 163-164

4) DAVIS, P( 2020) Maryland reports 1,999 newly confirmed coronavirus cases, 23 new deaths . Retrieved Dom : https://www.baltimoresun.com › coronavirus › bs-md-c…