Marketing Research Diary
Marketing Research Seminar 1
Part One: Prepared Material
1) What is the management decision problem facingDuPont?

New type of carpets (innovation)
Can commercial segment be transferred to residential segment?
Whether they should introduce the new collection into theresidential market.

If the answer to that question is yes:

How should be introduced?
How will it be marketed?
How will be broken down into specific decision-making areas?

2) What is the marketing research problem facing DuPont?
To determine consumer preferences and purchase intentions for theproposed new product
3) Breakdown the general marketing research problem into component parts.
The marketing research problemcan be broken down into the following component parts:

What criteria are used by people in choosing carpets?
What are the market shares of DuPont and its competitors’?
What is the size of the market segment interested in the newproduct?
What styles of carpets are preferred by households?
What is the demographic and psychological profile of the customers?

How do people evaluate carpet brands in terms of the competitors and brand awareness?
4) Developone suitable research question and hypothesis for the marketing research problem.
A possible research question and hypothesis related to the marketing research problem is:
RQ: On what variables can the specific market segment be identified?
H: It may be identified bydemographic, psychological factors
Part 2: MY REFLECTIONS ON SEMINAR 1
After discussing the case study and identified the research problem components, a conclusion was reached as to the topic to be researched for the whole semester, (Litter thrownfrom cars). Issues such as consumer characteristics, behaviour, attitudes, opinions,possessions and the environmental context of the problem are factors one needsto bear in mind here. There is also a need to target specific markets, i.e.what type of consumers are we talking about here? Do the consumers realizethat there is a problem? Sub-consciously they probably do, but consciouslythey don’t. Evaluating the pros and cons of the product would be useful inrealising the market potential and responsiveness from various consumersegments.

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Additionally,profiling of lifestyles, habits, activities of the target audience demographyand product image would need to be assessed. A system of delivering theproduct would need to meet customer satisfaction and experience. Identifyingwhere the competition is for the product would need to be carried out. I.e.areas that are not littered or are cleaned on a regular basis would have ahigher and better standard of living, while areas that do not have this, wouldsuffer the opposite. In relation to the main topic reached for research, onewould need to analyze the size of the problem, are the costs of cleaning it upaffordable per litter discarded; what are the health hazards and problemscreated by unclean litter on the streets; can people littering the streets,when they appear not to know that they are littering the streets be termed as acriminal offence; and finally, what can we do to change peoples attitudestowards this unsolved phenomenon is an issue that needs attention.
Marketing Research Seminar 2:
Part One: Prepared Material:
1a) Briefly, list the main advantages of secondary data.
The main advantages of secondarydata are:
It is accessible, relatively inexpensive and quickly obtained
Some are available on topics where it would not be feasible for afirm to collect primary data
It also helps to:
Diagnose a sampling plan
Formulate an appropriate research design
Answer certain research questions and test some hypotheses
Interpret primary data with more insight
Validate qualitative research findings
Ideas generated in secondary data can be used as a very strongfoundation to primary data design and collection
It also a substantial help in theexploratory phase of the research:
Understanding and defining the problem
Extremely useful in defining the population and in structuringthe sample
1b) Why should the reliability of published statisticsvary over time?

Measurement errors: Measurement systems might had changed
How old data can be depends on what you have researching
Sources might discover being biased
Geographical boundaries might have changed by government

Part Two: carry out task and find information
Task:
Part of the research process is to do a search for secondarydata to:

Help in understanding background to the issues
Help in defining the research problem
Help in defining the population and in structuring the sample to be taken e.g. potential segments to be reached
Generate hypotheses and alternative courses of action
Save time and money ‘not re-inventing the wheel’

Below are some tasks concerning secondary data.

Answer in bullet points
Information for parts (v) and (vi) is quite detailed and would be a waste of time (and paper) for you to copy out – you are asked only to give the location of any information you find and a short sentence or two describing the contents
You do not need to print out any information from the web addresses suggested to you below but you might want to save it to disc
If you find information on other websites or in magazines, articles, journals, etc., please note the location and full reference and a short sentence about the content

2a) For Seminar Group 1: LITTERTHROWN FROM CARS
Write short bullet point notesin the research diary on the following using secondary data and information:
i)Size of the general litter problem e.g. amount litter per year, cost ofcleaning up
ii)Potential health problems and other consequences (not only humans)
iii)Legal aspects e.g. what is illegal, fines, etc.
iv)Number of people worried by this
Note in the research diary thefull reference for the following with some short notes describing the content:
v)any information that might help profile likely people and places forlitter thrown from car
vi)Any information on attitudes, barriers to change
The following sources shouldprove helpful:
http://www.tidybritain.org.uk/news/filthyfacts.asp?Sub=0&Menu=0.26.12.244
http://www.encams.org/information/publications/research/pubbehavstudylitter2001.pdf
http://www.tidybritain.org.uk/information/publications/research/youthlitter.pdf
And there’s always the library(and google)
Part 3: My reflections from Seminar Two (word limit 250)
Although thereare advantages and disadvantages with regard to the use of primary andsecondary sources of data collection, one would need to identify which one isbest put to use in relation to the subject matter. Depending on the researchquestion, both qualitative methods, which isn’t measurable, i.e. statisticaldata is not used and quantitative methods (the use of statistical data to measurethe validity of a phenomenon), can be used to address the research question.It depends on how much information one can get, in other words it is the use ofmarket intelligence to collate data.
In Hofstede(1980), work related values: individualism / collectivism, power distance, anduncertainty, avoidance / uncertainty acceptance, and gender differences,Hofstede carried out research on a sample population of IBM workers from allover the world taking into consideration the latter mentioned. From this onecould know how the Chinese behaved. International marketing utilises research,for example, would one introduce British Milk Chocolate to the Chinese people?If the Chinese don’t like risky decisions then don’t introduce the product in China. Moving on, the use of outdated data, e.g. 1967 to 74, could provide an inaccurateresearch final decision. Secondary sources of information will tend to be thenorm in this situation. In relation to the subject matter, Littering, onecould categorize the respondents into, sceptics; unaware; sympathisers; andconverts. The idea is to make everyone converts (environmentally friendly) insociety. For example, if the Minister of Health, after identifying thecategories just mentioned, takes action; one will need to identify the otherthree negative elements through the use of secondary data.
Marketing Research Seminar 3
Part One: Prepared Material
Q 1) LIST the main principlesof the Data Protection Act (1998).
Fair
Adequate
Rights
Specific
Transfer
Accuracy
Retention
Security
Q 2) What does the Office ofthe Information Commissioner define as ‘personal data’?
From the DPA website:

To determine whether you have any rights under the Data Protection Act (‘DPA’) you must first establish whether the information being held is the sort of information covered by the DPA.
Rights will only rise in respect of information if:

-it relates to you,
-you can be identified from the information itself or from thatinformation and other information which is, or is likely to come into thepossession of the data controller and,
-The information is held electronically (e.g. on computer) or it isintended to be held in certain specific types of manual/paper- based filingsystems.
Suchinformation is called ‘personal data’.
Q 3a) Whatis Classic survey (or Market) Research?
Classic Survey(or Market) Research:
Defined by MRS Code of Conduct as:
Theapplication of scientific research methods to obtain objective information onpeople’s attitudes and behaviour based usually on representative samples of therelevant populations. The process guarantees the confidentiality of personalinformation in such a way that the data can only be used for researchpurposes.
Classiccovers:
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Q 3b) Why should specialcare be exercised when undertaking Modelling/Data Fusion Projects?

When undertaking Modelling /Data Fusion Projects, special care should be exercised to:

-protect the interests of data subjects
-data not be inappropriately used during or after the data matchingprocesses

Merging confidential survey data with other data at an individual personal record level does not constitute a different or additional purpose, as long as the final data set protects the identity of the data subject.

Q 4) The MRSCode of Conduct states that The general public and other interested partiesare entitled to complete assurance that every research project is carried outstrictly in accordance with this Code, and that their rights of privacy arerespected. It then gives the details of two specific things about whichassurance must be given. What are these? What other two things must respondentsbe informed about?
These are:
a)They must be assured that no information which could be used to identifythem will be made available without their agreement to anyone other than theResearcher responsible for conducting the research.
b)They must also be assured that the information they supply will not beused for any purposes other than those described and that they will not beadversely affected or embarrassed as a direct result of their participation ina research project.
Also,respondents must be informed about:
a)The purpose of the research and the likely length of time necessary forthe collection of the information
b)Research findings themselves must always be reported accurately andnever used to mislead anyone, in any way.
PART 2: My Reflections fromSeminar Three:
While reviewingprepared answers one was able to identify the research stake holders. Two taskswere then formulated namely, to compile a list of things that respondentsshould be told in order to give ‘informed consent’, and a suitable writtenstatement would be given to respondents so that they can give their ‘informedconsent’ to their participation in the research. This could act as a barrierto being able to get the right people to participate in this research that willbe carried out by this seminar group. The stakeholders identified are, theclients (i.e. the lecturer from the university); the respondents; the marketresearchers (us); and the general public (i.e. people who work and live in thearea).
For Task 1, theresearcher needs to make clear that the respondent’s co-operation with regardto the research being carried out is of no harm to them. Stating the purposeof the research in the initial stages could prove to be a good start of pointof contact. If it is a questionnaire, then it would be a lot easier to gaininformation from the respondent because they will not need to disclose their personalidentity. The researcher could give the impression of a short conversation atthe initial point of contact, in order to prolong and get as much informationas they can within a short period of time. One must realize that therespondent can withdraw at any stage of the conversation. The marketresearchers must make sure that they identify themselves at the initial stagesof contact with the respondent and if possible leave their contact details.For Task 2, there is the possibility of embarrassment. For example foreignstudents might not understand completely, the purpose of the research. In thiscase the researcher has to give a detailed and easy explanation to what theiraims and objectives are.
Marketing Research SEMINAR 4
PART 1:Prepared Material
Task 1:Choose ONE qualitative research method and give your reasons in bulletpoint format why you think it would be particularly suitable for researchingpeople’s attitudes and behaviour towards one of the research questionsregarding littering you have identified.
You shouldclearly and concisely state the research question at the beginning of youranswer.
(Lengthexpected for your answer: Between half and one page of A4 double spaced TimesNew Roman 12pt font)
Task 2:Collect at least 5 photos, pictures or images that you feel reflect yourthoughts and feelings about the environment in which you live.
These may beimages of ANYTHING that sparks a reaction in your environment.
There are noright or wrong answers (except anything that might give your fellow studentsoffence, use your common sense about that).
For example,people we asked to do in connection with mobile telephones brought in picturesas varied as clocks, comfy sofas, cups of coffee, friends, padlocks – and manyothers as well as pictures of phones.
Bring thesewith you to the seminar 4. Come prepared to explain why you choose the picturesand even tell about images that came to mind but you did not find.
PART TWO: My Reflections fromSeminar 4
We began with ashort comparison within qualitative and quantitative approaches for collectingdata. After each student expressed his or her thoughts for which technique isthe most appropriate to be used, it was generalised by the seminar leader ofthe group that for the purposes of our future project (litter thrown from cars)it is better to use the qualitative techniques. Therefore, by doing so, thedifferent qualitative techniques were expressed out in loud. These included themajor direct and indirect techniques which corresponds with the focus group orobservation techniques. Then, a question was set in the seminar group; whichmethod is more appropriate for us to use for collecting primary data asinexperienced people? After students expressed their opinions, the preferredone was chosen by the seminar leader (method of questionnaire).
Inthe second part of the seminar, the group was divided into subgroups of 2persons and we were experienced, at least for most of us, our first realinterview. In particular, each group had an interview (5mins) with each otherbased on some images (prepared material) which represent our feelings andthoughts about the environment we live in. By doing so, back to group, we allshare our information collected by each other and we allocated them intodifferent environmental categories (themes) for example pollution.
For me, it wasmy first interview I ever had, it was a great opportunity to get familiar withnon-professional interview and I am really glad that I took part in this.
Marketing Research SeminarFIVE:
Part One: Prepared Material
Evaluate the potential of ONEsampling method from the list below for conducting your research (including itsdrawbacks). Clearly link your evaluation of the chosen method to your research;a simple list of advantages and disadvantages is not sufficient – these need tobe related to your research. (LITTER THROWN FROM CARS)
Lengthexpected to your answer: between half and one page A4 double spaced Times NewRoman 12 pt font.
A classification of samplingtechniques:

Non probability Sampling techniques

-Convenience Sampling
-Judgemental Sampling
-Quota Sampling
-Snowball Sampling

Probability Sampling techniques

-Simple Random Sampling
-Systematic Sampling
-Stratified Sampling
-Cluster Sampling
PART TWO: MyReflections from Seminar Five (Word limit 200 – 300 words)
In order to get a realistic conclusion to one’s findings, the researcherwill need to remind themselves of the research question; the method of surveyto be used in carrying out the research would also need to be evaluated; andthe qualitative methods of approach (a questionnaire) should be finalised.
For example, how does the consumer view the product; to what extent isthere a problem? Do people acknowledge that there is a problem? These areissues the researcher needs to address. If needs be extra data will need to begathered, a bit more time would need to be taken, and eventually get to have amore accurate piece of data.
In the method of survey, techniques such as face to face could reducecosts to gathering data; a structured and easily read questionnaire needs to beformulated in order to gather a proper description of people’s feelings, andopinions. Whereby, open ended questions need to be avoided in the qualitativemethods of approach. The method of coding could be used to gather theweightings placed by various age groups on the subject matter. For example,Male or female respondents, in which three different age groups can be gatheredmight prove to be a useful starting point.
Possible questions to be included in questionnaire such as ‘has therespondent eaten food in a car, in the last 30 days’, or do they smoke in theircar? This could prove to be a hitter, with regard to extracting the rightanswer from the respondent. More important would be to be the safety of theresearcher. It would be advisable to carry out such research in the day time.Politeness is the key to getting the attention of potential respondents for thesubject matter.
PART TWO: My Reflections fromSeminar Six (Word limit 200 – 300 words)
A more refinedquestion within the context of the questionnaire would be, how often does therespondent eat or drink in the car; whereby, there will be a set of multiplechoice answers, can be deemed as a more appropriate measure of summing upinformation with regard to the subject matter (Littering the streets).Multiple choice answers such as:
a.More than once a day
b.About once a day
c.2-6 times a week
d.once a week
e.once every 2-3 weeks
f.once a month
g.less than once a month
One must beaware of the fact that (g.) is not possible. However, it is good to have aproper representation of all possible scenarios represented in the questionnaire,so as to have the overall picture summed up.
Although, thesafety of the researcher is important, it will be best to carry out theresearch during the day and within the university grounds. Why? With thechoice of a wide variety and greater number of students to choose from, it willgive the researcher the opportunity to gather more accurate answers, other thanapproaching people from the street. As stated previously, it will be advisableto group the respondents into certain age groups. If potential respondents arenot part of the university or not in the age group (18 – 19, 20 – 21, and 22 -23) wanted, OR are in an age group which you have already collected theinformation required, then thank them for their time and move on. If otherwise,then the researcher should do vice-versa.
Mostimportantly, the researcher should make sure that the respondent fills in thequestionnaire if they meet age and gender requirements.
Racial ethics isnot a point of concern here, because the littering of streets could be carriedout by just about anybody. Therefore, it will be advisable to gatherinformation from as wide an audience as they can. Additionally, the age groupsbeing used to carry out this research can be deemed as too narrow a view.Because, as earlier said littering the streets is done by just about anybody.Therefore, it will be advisable to widen the spectrum of the age groups;possibly, 16 to 35 year olds would be more convincing.
PART TWO: My Reflections from Seminar Seven (Word limit 200 – 300 words)
Having attendeda different seminar, with a different research topic ‘chewing gums’, usingqualitative analysis to open-ended questions, sort of seems to be a moreappropriate research method. With 5 students fully accomplishing the tasksrequired from the questionnaire, from a total of 7; it gives one the impressionthat the research topic is not enticing. The use of post-it notes wasdelegated to the students to use as a means of describing what they have doneon each of the questionnaires answered. Each researcher was told to initialtheir name on each post-it note. Additionally, the gender of the respondent wasrequired on the post-it note. The use of a coding formulae for the answers tothe questions on the questionnaire such as (0 for NO and 1 for a YES answer),can be deemed as adequate for this exercise. Also, a coding formula was usedfor the each age group on the questionnaire. The answers given by therespondents to the questionnaires for each of the open-ended questions are thenwritten in the middle of the post-it. This gives a clearer understanding ofthe answers given in which a comparison of the qualitative methods andquantitative methods are then analyzed.
Categorising thepost-it notes according to the answers given by the respondents, is a veryuseful measure to identify any trends. Although, some answers were rathersarcastic, it acts as a useful reminder that the results can provide an eyeopener into other relevant topics, for example, recommendations and sarcasm.
The use ofqualitative methods (questionnaire and interviews) other than quantitativemethods can be deemed as more appropriate to this research topic. This isbecause it gives the researcher a hands-on approach to what is actuallyhappening, other than already established data which might prove to beoutdated.
PART TWO: My Reflections fromSeminar Eight (Word limit 200 – 300 words)
The use ofmanual coding to analyze data, can act as a useful method in providing the sortof weightings which the researcher would need to identify with when trying toreach conclusions about the subject matter. Using a spreadsheet to give aclearer picture of the weightings on the codes used to analyze the categories ofconstrunts from the questionnaire can prove to be a pedagogical tool indecision making. As stated previously, the age group needs to be widened, soalso the fact whether one has a car or not, does not make a difference withregard to the subject matter, which is ‘Litter discarded on the streets’. Theconstructs such as feelings about pollution, health, damage to the environment,denial and blame, a problem or no problem of waste, visual, and individualresponsibility, are good classifications in putting the subject matter intoperspective. However, they need to be widened further to gain an in-depthunderstanding of the subject matter.
Additionally,one could use SPSS. This is a statistical software package, which enables theresearcher to carry out data transformation, matrix algebra, macro andscripting facilities. It has excellent data management facilities and highquality graphics. It is applicable to many different research fields, althoughit has particular strengths in the areas of the social sciences, it can bedescribed as one of the most friendliest statistical packages of its kind.