DUE IN 30 HOURS

Literature Review  

Conduct a review of literature related to the unique needs of providing service to clients who have been incarcerated or have criminal charges pending. Analyze the challenges a human services provider would have in providing services to these clients. Include in your analysis any potential ethical issues you might face in providing services. Identify how you would manage or address these issues. Your paper should be 1,400-1,750 words (four-five pages) in length and should be supported by two scholarly sources.

APA 6th edition format is required for this assignment.

Dis 1

Shimika’s post

Early childhood: 4 – 8 years

I chose to complete my discussion using the Early Childhood: 4-8 years age range. Developmental milestone are tasks that a child should be able to do by a certain age. These milestones are considered framework because they are steps that mark the progress in the development stage, that can be monitored over a period of time.

Summarize, in your own words, each domain of development.

Language & Communication-the ability to understand and communicate well with others

Cognitive-

the ability to comprehend and solve problems

Self Help-the basic things that involve daily living

Social Emotional-how one expresses themselves through emotions and show empathy towards others

Motor-how well one can use their muscles to complete different tasks

For your chosen age range, list at least four milestones for each domain.

Social Emotional

· plays mom and dad

· enjoys doing new things

· plays well with other children

· very creative with make-believe play

Language/Communication

· can distinguish between “he and she”

· is able to sing or recite a poem from memory

· tells stories

· can say first and last name

Cognitive

· can use scissors

· understands the concept of counting

· is able to say some colors and numbers

· can remember some parts of a story

Motor

· can catch a ball

· is able to stand on one foot for a couple of seconds

· can pour or cut with supervision

· can run or hop

Self Help

· can hold toothbrush

· can button shirt or pants

· eating

· bathing

Groark, C. J., McCarthy, S. K., & Kirk, A. R. (2014). 

Early child development: From theory to practice

. Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). 

Developmental milestones (Links to an external site.)

. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html

CHAREESE’S POST:

· Explain, in general, what a developmental milestone is, and tell why milestones are only considered a framework.

The age range that I chose for this discussion is early childhood age four – eight years old.  Developmental milestones is something that each child should be able achieve by a certain age. These milestones would be considered framework because they track the progress of the growing child. This will let parents and doctors know if the child is growing at the correct pace. 

· Summarize, in your own words, each domain of development

Motor development is the development of a child’s movement. this could include gross motor skills that includes movement of large muscles. Gross motor skills shows the development of the small muscles that also shows the development progress.

Cognition development This development stage shows that the child

can express themselves

to others.  This could include telling a story to someone or solving a problem.

Communication this shows that the child is able to have a have a conversation with friends. They can also understand and receive information.

Social- emotional development  A child is able to control their emotional state and know what is going on around them. At this age kids should be able to problem solve build relationships.

Self help skills- Children should be to do things on their own such as eating, bathing and dressing themselves. 

· For your chosen age range, list at least four milestones for each domain.

Motor development 

Run and play on the playground

Can jump around

Use legs to swing 

Cognition 

can talk to friends 

share stories

problem solve 

memory development 

Communication

talks to others 

uses body language 

understands and receive information

shares stories

Emotional development 

can express themselves

control emotions

problem solve 

shows empathy 

Reference:

Groark, C. J., McCarthy, S. K., & Kirk, A. R. (2014). 
Early child development: From theory to practice
. Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). 
Developmental milestones (Links to an external site.)
. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html

DISC 2

ALEJANDRIA’S POST:

The case study that I choose would be Maria Rivera. After reading over Maria’s case study, I notice that it says there are 3 developmental delays that show red flags. An area that shows concern would be Maria showing little interest when playing with other children and also unable to separate from her parents . I could be wrong but at the age 4 Maria should be able to separate from her parents without any problems. Also she should at least engage in playing with other children as well. Some steps that I would take to support Maria and her family would be to have a parent/teacher conference and ask them a few questions . I would also allow them to talk to me about their living situation to see what’s going on that would cause Maria to be the way she is. I would also recommend that Mr. and Mrs. Rivera should take Maria to children friendly places such as the park, Chuck E. Cheese,etc. I would also recommend having Maria around family that’s the same age as her and also going places more without Maria. I believe that will help with the separation anxiety and also help Maria to get use to not also being around her parents . 

References

: 

Groark, C. J., McCarthy, S. K., & Kirk, A. R. (2014). 
Early child development: From theory to practice
. Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Rebis, S. A. (2014). 

Understanding developmental delays (Links to an external site.)

. Parents. Retrieved from 

https://www.parents.com/baby/development/problems/understanding-developmental-delays/ (Links to an external site.)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). 
Developmental milestones (Links to an external site.)
. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html

JAMIE’S POST:

I chose Maria Rivera. I think she is slightly delayed in meeting her milestones. She can do everything in almost all domains except social emotional. During her observation, I notice that she avoids small groups or any interactions with others. I also notice that it’s hard to separate from their parents too. It just seems like she needs to work on those points and there can be factors at home. 

    The steps I would take to support this child would be to begin having one on one time with her to begin socializing with her and seeing who she may fit within the classroom. Then I would have a meeting with her parents to see if there are any suggestions as to what she enjoys that most. I’d use her strong suits and find someone who is similar and pair them up.

DISC 3

TAMMY’S POST:

Sexually violent predators are among the most feared and the most ridiculed individuals in our society. Some states have enacted legislation to allow civil commitment of sexually violent predators once released from prison. Discuss the pros and cons of this legislation. Include in your discussion the implications for human services providers.

One of the most traumatizing crimes against a person is intrusion and invasion of personal safety, which seems to linger (PTSD, anxiety, depression, etc.). Many sex offenders share pasts of abuse, addiction, trauma, and behaviors that feed their need for a release or adrenaline rush. These predators prey upon victims that similarly have pasts or tend to present as weak. What becomes more disturbing is when there is no regard for those affected. As Karger & Stoesz (2018) mention in their text, a “new breed” of felons was born and rarely moved or held remorse for the cruelty afflicted against others. This offender is highly dangerous as he or she does not care about any outcome (2018, p.310). People in general but especially the vulnerable, have a right to be safe and protected.

Some offenders feel they are identical and therefore should be protected as a sexually defined group or preference. If a gay, lesbian or transexual has rights, a debate could present if consensual. In a world where the sex industry and human trafficking is a significant money market, the largest international crime, people moved by taxation purposes or greed may be compelled to allow specific protection. Set alerts for sex crime types such as DD, minor or other specifications may mislead the public (Lieb & Matson, 1998). The parameters that define sexual misconduct need to be clear and without a cloudy area that can be shifted into validation for abnormal or sadistic traits.

For Human Services professionals, many concerns can come to light. Many workers have pasts of abuse that drive their compassion to aid others or protect the frail. It is challenging to exude this compassion for someone that has molested or sodomized a child or brutally raped an older woman. Even if not a child or the elderly, a crime that steals more than an inanimate object but rather a person’s sense of self and security exceeds every boundary, a healthy person presents. A dangerous sex predator can and will manipulate this situation. In pre-release reviews, parole considerations, and post-release supervision, not all people can take heed to notifications depending on their social mobility and access to the alerts. Additionally, while in prison, behaviors are controlled and supervised, whereas the difference is not in the real world. These factors change the safety of all potential targets as a fair game.

References

 Karger, H. J. & Stoesz, D. (2018). American social welfare policy: A pluralist approach (8th ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.   

Lieb, R. & Matson, S. (1998). Sexual predator commitment laws in the United States: 1998 update. Retrieved from 

http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/rptfiles/sexcomm_98

LATISHA’S POST:

Legalizing marijuana is a controversial topic in human services, criminal justice, political arenas, and health arenas. From a human service policy perspective, analyze what you believe would be the positive and/or negative consequences of legalizing marijuana. Discuss the implications for human services providers. If you agree or disagree with the stance of your peers, then explain specifically why and provide substantial evidence in your peer responses.

Legalizing marijuana is definitely a controversial topic in society today. I do not feel that it should be a big an issue as it currently is. I think about marijuana compared to alcohol and I see no comparison on the damage of marijuana to that of alcohol. Sure one can become addicted to the THC in marijuana but which is worse a THC addiction or alcohol addiction. I see so many times where alcohol cause so many issues, abuse in home, DUIs, people dying due to be hit by a drunk driver and even having to go to AA to get clean. Thinking about marijuana, you do not hear stories of anyone using marijuana and it causing an accident where someone is killed. Most times you will see someone maybe falling asleep after consumption, or being lazy, or having “the munchies”. I feel that society does not look at the good marijuana can do for people. Think about cancer patients, and how the marijuana keeps their pain down or helps them to heal better in a more holistic way. Think about those that get migraines or other pains and they use the natural essence of marijuana to help cope with their illness. I am pleased to see that it is being considered to be legalized in more states as it can be a great medical alternative to those who choose not to take medication but would prefer a natural remedy. I honestly cannot think of many if any real issues with marijuana. It does sadden me to see young children being placed in the juvenile system because they have had any kind of run in with the law for possession of marijuana or an adult for that matter, especially in the African American community. Drug offenses is one of the main reason blacks are arrested and serve time. It cost an average of $88,000 a year to detain someone and to think of someone being detained for marijuana when there is someone else walking the street that has killed someone by hand, weapon or vehicle. It is very painful to think of (Karger, 2018). In a personal opinion, I do believe that even human service providers may use or can potentially use marijuana to calm themselves after a rough emotionally draining day at work. I do feel that with more education on marijuana and the benefits of legalizing it, we would have less arrest and incarceration of the African American community, we (as in the US) would have a crazy cash flow with the marijuana industry already taking off in major ways in the states it is legal in, and more people would use marijuana as a holistic approach to healing versus harsh drugs in your system.

References

Karger, H. &. (2018). American social welfare policy: A plurist approach. Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.