Urinary Tract Infection

1. Urinalysis is necessary to verify the infection and presence of positive urine culture (Choe et al., 2017). It is particularly important to keep track of leukocytes and nitrites when utilizing a urine test strip (Ebell, Butler, & Hay, 2018). It may also be necessary to utilize ultrasound (RBUS) to detect genitourinary anomalies if it is established that the patient suffers from febrile UTI.

2. An UTI is most likely to be caused by bacteria and available evidence indicates that conditions like acute pyelonephritis are primarily caused by E. coli in close to eighty percent of the cases (Choe et al., 2017).

3. It could be appropriate to prescribe Cephalexin 10 mg/kg/d or Cefaclor 10 mg/kg/d (Choe et al., 2017). On the other hand, such factors as the expected pathogen should be taken into account when selecting an appropriate antibiotic agent. Additionally, the duration of the therapy should be between seven and fourteen days depending on the situation. Therefore, additional information is necessary to determine appropriate pharmacological treatment for the patient.

4. It is imperative to ensure that the patient and her mother have an understanding of safe dosing and follow the recommendations. Additionally, a healthcare professional should explain the need to follow the regimen and explain the risks that could be faced by the patient if recommendations are ignored. It is also necessary to explain the benefits of preventing UTI and the risks associated with possible antimicrobial resistance in the future. Available evidence indicates that cranberry and associated products have the potential to prevent UTI in children, and it would be appropriate to advise the patient to consume such products to avoid infections in the future (Choe et al., 2017). The patient should also be advised to drink plenty of water to dilute urine and reduce the risks related to UTI in the long-term.

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References

Choe, H., Lee, S., Yang, S. S., Hamasuna, R., Yamamoto, S., Cho, Y., & Matsumoto, T. (2017). Summary of the UAA-AAUS guidelines for urinary tract infections. International Journal of Urology, 25(3), 175–185. doi:10.1111/iju.13493

Ebell, M. H., Butler, C. C., & Hay, A. D. (2018). Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children. American Family Physician, 97(4), 273-274.